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Chapter 1. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU, 3
Information Systems, 4
People, 6
Software, 7
System Software, 8
Application Software, 9
Hardware, 10
Types of Computers, 10
Microcomputer Hardware, 11
Data, 14
Connectivity, the Wireless Revolution, and the Internet, 15
Careers in IT, 16
A Look to the Future: Using and Understanding Information Technology Means Being Computer Competent, 17
Visual Summary, 18
Key Terms, 21
Chapter Review, 22
Applying Technology, 25
Expanding Your Knowledge, 26
Writing About Technology, 27
Chapter 2. THE INTERNET, THE WEB, AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, 29
The Internet and the Web, 30
Access, 31
Providers, 31
Browsers, 31
Communication, 33
E-Mail, 34
Instant Messaging, 35
Making IT Work for You: Blocking Spam, 36
Social Networking, 38
Search Tools, 39
Search Engines, 40
Metasearch Engines, 41
Specialized Search Engines, 42
Content Evaluation, 42
Electronic Commerce, 42
Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce, 43
Consumer-to-Consumer E-Commerce, 44
Security, 44
Web Utilities, 46
Web-Based Applications, 46
FTP, 46
Plug-ins, 46
Filters, 47
Internet Security Suites, 48
Careers in IT: Webmaster, 48
A Look to the Future: Web-Accessible Refrigerators Will Automatically Restock Themselves, 49
Visual Summary, 50
Key Terms, 53
Chapter Review, 54
Applying Technology, 57
Expanding Your Knowledge, 58
Writing About Technology, 59
Chapter 3. BASIC APPLICATION SOFTWARE, 61
Application Software, 62
Common Features, 62
Making IT Work for You: Speech Recognition, 64
Word Processors, 66
Features, 66
Case, 66
Spreadsheets, 69
Features, 69
Case, 70
Database Management Systems, 74
Features, 74
Case, 74
Presentation Graphics, 77
Features, 77
Case, 77
Integrated Packages, 79
Case, 79
Software Suites, 80
Careers in IT: Computer Trainer, 81
A Look to the Future: Agents Will Help Write Papers, Pay Bills, and Shop on the Internet, 81
Visual Summary, 82
Key Terms, 85
Chapter Review, 86
Applying Technology, 89
Expanding Your Knowledge, 90
Writing About Technology, 91
Chapter 4. SPECIALIZED APPLICATION SOFTWARE, 93
Specialized Applications, 94
Graphics, 94
Desktop Publishing, 94
Image Editors, 95
Illustration Programs, 96
Image Galleries, 96
Graphics Suites, 97
Audio and Video, 97
Making IT Work for You: Digital Video Editing, 98
Multimedia, 100
Links and Buttons, 101
Developing Multimedia Presentations, 101
Multimedia Authoring Programs, 102
Web Authoring, 103
Web Site Design, 104
Web Authoring Programs, 104
Artificial Intelligence, 106
Virtual Reality, 106
Knowledge-Based (Expert) Systems, 107
Robotics, 107
Careers in IT: Desktop Publisher, 108
A Look to the Future: Robots Can Look, Act, and Think Like Us, 109
Visual Summary, 110
Key Terms, 113
Chapter Review, 114
Applying Technology, 117
Expanding Your Knowledge, 118
Writing About Technology, 119
Chapter 5. SYSTEM SOFTWARE, 120
System Software, 122
Operating Systems, 123
Functions, 123
Features, 123
Categories, 124
Windows, 125
Mac OS, 127
UNIX and Linux, 127
Utilities, 128
Windows Utilities, 128
Utility Suites, 131
Device Drivers, 133
Making IT Work for You: Virus Protection and Internet Security, 134
Careers in IT: Computer Support Specialist, 137
A Look to the Future: Self-Healing Computers Can Mean an End to Computer Crashes and Performance Problems, 137
Visual Summary, 139
Key Terms, 141
Chapter Review, 142
Applying Technology, 145
Expanding Your Knowledge, 146
Writing About Technology, 147
Chapter 6. THE SYSTEM UNIT, 148
System Unit, 150
Electronic Data and Instructions, 151
Binary Coding Schemes, 152
System Board, 153
Microprocessor, 155
Microprocessor Chips, 156
Specialty Processors, 156
Memory, 157
RAM, 157
ROM, 158
CMOS, 158
System Clock, 159
Expansion Slots and Cards, 159
Bus Lines, 161
Expansion Buses, 161
Making IT Work for You: TV Tuner Cards and Video Clips, 162
Ports, 164
Standard Ports, 164
Specialized Ports, 165
Cables, 166
Power Supply, 166
Careers in IT: Computer Technician, 167
A Look to the Future: As You Walk out the Door, Don't Forget Your Computer, 168
Visual Summary, 169
Key Terms, 172
Chapter Review, 173
Applying Technology, 176
Expanding Your Knowledge, 177
Writing About Technology, 178
Chapter 7. INPUT AND OUTPUT, 181
What Is Input?, 182
Keyboard Entry, 182
Keyboards, 182
Features, 183
Pointing Devices, 184
Mice, 184
Joysticks, 185
Touch Screens, 185
Light Pens, 185
Stylus, 185
Scanning Devices, 186
Optical Scanners, 186
Card Readers, 187
Bar Code Readers, 187
Character and Mark Recognition Devices, 188
Image Capturing Devices, 188
Digital Cameras, 188
Digital Video Cameras, 189
Audio-Input Devices, 189
Making IT Work for You: WebCams and Instant Messaging, 190
Voice Recognition Systems, 192
What Is Output?, 192
Monitors, 192
Features, 192
Cathode-Ray Tubes, 193
Flat-Panel Monitors, 193
Other Monitors, 193
Printers, 194
Features, 194
Ink-Jet Printer, 195
Laser Printers, 195
Thermal Printers, 196
Other Printers, 197
Audio-Output Devices, 197
Combination Input and Output Devices, 198
Fax Machines, 198
Multifunctional Devices, 198
Internet Telephones, 199
Terminals, 199
Careers in IT: Technical Writer, 200
A Look to the Future: Crashing Through the Foreign Language Barrier, 201
Visual Summary, 202
Key Terms, 205
Chapter Review, 206
Applying Technology, 209
Expanding Your Knowledge, 210
Writing About Technology, 211
Chapter 8. SECONDARY STORAGE, 213
Storage, 214
Floppy Disks, 214
Traditional Floppy Disk, 215
High-Capacity Floppy Disks, 215
Hard Disks, 216
Internal Hard Disk, 216
Hard-Disk Cartridges, 217
Hard-Disk Packs, 218
Performance Enhancements, 219
Optical Discs, 220
Compact Disc, 220
Digital Versatile Disc, 221
High-Definition Discs, 221
Other Types of Secondary Storage, 223
Solid-State Storage, 223
Making IT Work for You: iPods and Music from the Internet, 224
Internet Hard Drives, 226
Magnetic Tape, 226
Mass Storage Devices, 227
Careers in IT: Software Engineer, 228
A Look to the Future: Your Entire Life Recorded on a Single Disk, 229
Visual Summary, 230
Key Terms, 233
Chapter Review, 234
Applying Technology, 237
Expanding Your Knowledge, 238
Writing About Technology, 239
Chapter 9. COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, 241
Communications, 242
Connectivity, 242
The Wireless Revolution, 242
Communication Systems, 243
Communication Channels, 244
Physical Connections, 244
Wireless Connections, 245
Connection Devices, 247
Modems, 247
Connection Service, 248
Data Transmission, 249
Bandwidth, 249
Protocols, 250
Networks, 251
Terms, 251
Network Types, 253
Local Area Networks, 253
Home Networks, 254
Metropolitan Area Networks, 254
Wide Area Networks, 254
Network Architecture, 255
Configurations, 255
Making IT Work for You: Home Networking, 256
Strategies, 260
Organizational Internets, 262
Intranets, 262
Extranets, 262
Firewalls, 263
Careers in IT: Network Administrator, 264
A Look to the Future: Cars That Monitor and Respond to Your Moods, Watch Out for Pedestrians, and Communicate with Other Cars, 265
Visual Summary, 266
Key Terms, 269
Chapter Review, 270
Applying Technology, 273
Expanding Your Knowledge, 274
Writing About Technology, 275
Chapter 10. PRIVACY AND SECURITY, 277
People, 278
Privacy, 278
Large Databases, 278
Private Networks, 280
The Internet and the Web, 280
Making IT Work for You: Spyware Removal, 284
Major Laws on Privacy, 286
Security, 286
Computer Criminals, 286
Computer Crime, 287
Other Hazards, 289
Measures to Protect Computer Security, 290
Ergonomics, 293
Physical Health, 293
Mental Health, 295
Design, 295
Environmental Protection, 296
The Green PC, 296
Personal Responsibility, 297
Careers in IT: Cryptographer, 298
A Look to the Future: Presence Technology Will Keep Track of You, Your Friends, and Everyone Else, 299
Visual Summary, 300
Key Terms, 303
Chapter Review, 304
Applying Technology, 307
Expanding Your Knowledge, 308
Writing About Technology, 309
Chapter 11. INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 311
Organizational Information Flow, 312
Functions, 312
Management Levels, 314
Information Flow, 315
Computer-Based Information Systems, 316
Transaction Processing Systems, 317
Management Information Systems, 319
Decision Support Systems, 320
Executive Support Systems, 321
Other Information Systems, 323
Careers in IT: Information Systems Manager, 325
A Look to the Future: Oftentimes, More Information Is Too Much Information, 326
A Case Study: Information Systems at DVD Direct, 327
Visual Summary, 328
Key Terms, 330
Chapter Review, 331
Applying Technology, 334
Expanding Your Knowledge, 335
Writing About Technology, 336
Chapter 12. DATABASES, 339
Data, 340
Data Organization, 340
Key Field, 341
Batch Versus Real-Time Processing, 342
Databases, 343
Need for Databases, 344
Database Management, 344
DBMS Structure, 346
Hierarchical Database, 346
Network Database, 347
Relational Database, 347
Multidimensional Database, 348
Object-Oriented Database, 349
Types of Databases, 350
Individual, 350
Company or Shared, 350
Distributed, 351
Proprietary, 351
Web, 351
Database Uses and Issues, 352
Strategic Uses, 352
Security, 353
Careers in IT: Database Administrator, 353
A Look to the Future: Xperanto Makes Database Searches Easier, 354
A Case Study: Databases at DVD Direct, 355
Visual Summary, 356
Key Terms, 360
Chapter Review, 361
Applying Technology, 364
Expanding Your Knowledge, 365
Writing About Technology, 366
Chapter 13. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, 369
Systems Analysis and Design, 370
Phase 1: Preliminary Investigation, 371
Defining the Problem, 371
Suggesting Alternative Systems, 373
Preparing a Short Report, 373
Phase 2: Systems Analysis, 373
Gathering Data, 374
Analyzing the Data, 375
Documenting Systems Analysis, 377
Phase 3: Systems Design, 378
Designing Alternative Systems, 378
Selecting the Best System, 378
Writing the Systems Design Report, 379
Phase 4: Systems Development, 379
Acquiring Software, 379
Acquiring Hardware, 380
Testing the New System, 380
Phase 5: Systems Implementation, 381
Types of Conversion, 381
Training, 382
Phase 6: Systems Maintenance, 383
Prototyping and Rapid Applications Development, 384
Prototyping, 384
Rapid Applications Development, 384
Careers in IT: Systems Analyst, 385
A Look to the Future: The Challenge of Keeping Pace, 385
A Case Study: Systems Analysis and Design at DVD Direct, 386
Visual Summary, 387
Key Terms, 391
Chapter Review, 392
Applying Technology, 395
Expanding Your Knowledge, 396
Writing About Technology, 397
Chapter 14. PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGES, 399
Programs and Programming, 400
What Is a Program?, 400
What Is Programming?, 400
Step 1: Program Specification, 401
Program Objectives, 401
Desired Output, 402
Input Data, 402
Processing Requirements, 402
Program Specifications Document, 403
Step 2: Program Design, 403
Top-Down Program Design, 403
Pseudocode, 404
Flowcharts, 404
Logic Structures, 404
Step 3: Program Code, 407
The Good Program, 407
Coding, 407
Step 4: Program Test, 409
Syntax Errors, 409
Logic Errors, 410
Testing Process, 410
Step 5: Program Documentation, 411
Step 6: Program Maintenance, 412
Operations, 413
Changing Needs, 414
CASE and OOP, 414
CASE Tools, 414
Object-Oriented Software Development, 415
Generations of Programming Languages, 415
Machine Languages: The First Generation, 415
Assembly Languages: The Second Generation, 416
High-Level Procedural Languages: The Third Generation, 416
Problem-Oriented Languages: The Fourth Generation, 417
Natural Languages and Visual Programming Languages: The Fifth Generation, 417
Careers in IT: Programmer, 418
A Look to the Future: Using a Wish List to Create a Program, 419
A Case Study: Programming at DVD Direct, 420
Visual Summary, 421
Key Terms, 425
Chapter Review, 426
Applying Technology, 429
Expanding Your Knowledge, 430
Writing About Technology, 431
Chapter 15. YOUR FUTURE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, 433
Changing Times, 434
Technology and Organizations, 435
New Products, 435
New Enterprises, 435
New Customer and Supplier Relationships, 436
Technology and People, 436
Cynicism, 436
Naivete, 437
Frustration, 437
Proactivity, 437
How You Can Be a Winner, 438
Stay Current, 438
Maintain Your Computer Competency, 438
Develop Professional Contacts, 439
Develop Specialties, 439
Making IT Work for You: Locating Job Opportunities Online, 440
Be Alert for Organizational Change, 442
Look for Innovative Opportunities, 443
Careers in IT, 444
A Look to the Future: Maintaining Computer Competency and Becoming Proactive, 445
Visual Summary, 446
Key Terms, 449
Chapter Review, 450
Applying Technology, 453
Expanding Your Knowledge, 454
Writing About Technology, 455
The Evolution of the Computer Age, 456
The Buyer's Guide: How to Buy Your Own Microcomputer System, 465
The Upgrader's Guide: How to Upgrade Your Microcomputer System, 470
Glossary, 474
Credits, 497
Index, 500

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