CourseSmart - 0077271165 - Business Statistics in Practice, 5th Edition

Business Statistics in Practice, 5th Edition

by Bowerman, Bruce; O'Connell, Richard

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Publishing Date: 2008/05/12

eText ISBN-10

0-07-727116-5

eText ISBN-13

978-0-07-727116-9

Print ISBN-10

0-07-337359-1

Print ISBN-13

978-0-07-337359-1

Saleable Print ISBN-10

0-07-724253-X

Saleable Print ISBN-13

978-0-07-724253-4

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Business Statistics in Practice, 5th Edition

by Bowerman, Bruce; O'Connell, Richard

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Chapter 1. An Introduction to Business Statistics, 2

1.1. Populations and Samples, 3

1.2. Selecting a Random Sample, 4

1.3. Ratio, Interval, Ordinal, and Nominative Scales of Measurement (Optional), 17

1.4. An Introduction to Survey Sampling (Optional), 18

1.5. More About Data Acquisition and Survey Sampling (Optional), 20

App1.1. Getting Started with MINITAB, 29

App1.2. Getting Started with Excel, 36

App1.3. Getting Started with MegaStat, 41

App1.4. Introduction to Internet Exercises, 46

Chapter 2. Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Methods, 48

2.1. Graphically Summarizing Qualitative Data, 49

2.2. Graphically Summarizing Quantitative Data, 56

2.3. Dot Plots, 68

2.4. Stem-and-Leaf Displays, 70

2.5. Crosstabulation Tables (Optional), 75

2.6. Scatter Plots (Optional), 81

2.7. Misleading Graphs and Charts (Optional), 84

App2.1. Tabular and Graphical Methods Using MINITAB, 94

App2.2. Tabular and Graphical Methods Using Excel, 102

App2.3. Tabular and Graphical Methods Using MegaStat, 110

Chapter 3. Descriptive Statistics: Numerical Methods, 114

3.1. Describing Central Tendency, 115

3.2. Measures of Variation, 125

3.3. Percentiles, Quartiles, and Box-and-Whiskers Displays, 136

3.4. Covariance, Correlation, and the Least Squares Line (Optional), 144

3.5. Weighted Means and Grouped Data (Optional), 150

3.6. The Geometric Mean (Optional), 154

App3.1. Numerical Descriptive Statistics Using MINITAB, 162

App3.2. Numerical Descriptive Statistics Using Excel, 164

App3.3. Numerical Descriptive Statistics Using MegaStat, 168

Chapter 4. Probability, 170

4.1. The Concept of Probability, 171

4.2. Sample Spaces and Events, 173

4.3. Some Elementary Probability Rules, 180

4.4. Conditional Probability and Independence, 187

Chapter 5. Discrete Random Variables, 202

5.1. Two Types of Random Variables, 203

5.2. Discrete Probability Distributions, 204

5.3. The Binomial Distribution, 215

5.4. The Poisson Distribution (Optional), 226

App5.1. Binomial and Poisson Probabilities Using MINITAB, 234

App5.2. Binomial and Poisson Probabilities Using Excel, 235

App5.3. Binomial and Poisson Probabilities Using MegaStat, 237

Chapter 6. Continuous Random Variables, 238

6.1. Continuous Probability Distributions, 239

6.2. The Uniform Distribution, 241

6.3. The Normal Probability Distribution, 244

6.4. Approximating the Binomial Distribution by Using the Normal Distribution (Optional), 262

6.5. The Exponential Distribution (Optional), 266

6.6. The Normal Probability Plot (Optional), 269

App6.1. Normal Distribution Using MINITAB, 275

App6.2. Normal Distribution Using Excel, 277

App6.3. Normal Distribution Using MegaStat, 278

Chapter 7. Sampling Distributions, 280

7.1. The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean, 281

7.2. The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion, 294

App7.1. Simulating Sampling Distributions Using MINITAB, 303

Chapter 8. Confidence Intervals, 304

8.1. z-Based Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean: σ Known, 305

8.2. t-Based Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean: σ Unknown, 313

8.3. Sample Size Determination, 321

8.4. Confidence Intervals for a Population Proportion, 325

8.5. Confidence Intervals for Parameters of Finite Populations (Optional), 332

8.6. A Comparison of Confidence Intervals and Tolerance Intervals (Optional), 337

App8.1. Confidence Intervals Using MINITAB, 342

App8.2. Confidence Intervals Using Excel, 344

App8.3. Confidence Intervals Using MegaStat, 345

Chapter 9. Hypothesis Testing, 346

9.1. The Null and Alternative Hypotheses and Errors in Hypothesis Testing, 347

9.2. z Tests about a Population Mean: σ Known, 353

9.3. t Tests about a Population Mean: σ Unknown, 366

9.4. z Tests about a Population Proportion, 371

9.5. Type II Error Probabilities and Sample Size Determination (Optional), 376

9.6. The Chi-Square Distribution (Optional), 382

9.7. Statistical Inference for a Population Variance (Optional), 383

App9.1. One-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MINITAB, 389

App9.2. One-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using Excel, 391

App9.3. One-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MegaStat, 392

Chapter 10. Statistical Inferences Based on Two Samples, 394

10.1. Comparing Two Population Means by Using Independent Samples: Variances Known, 395

10.2. Comparing Two Population Means by Using Independent Samples: Variances Unknown, 401

10.3. Paired Difference Experiments, 409

10.4. Comparing Two Population Proportions by Using Large, Independent Samples, 417

10.5. Comparing Two Population Variances by Using Independent Samples, 423

App10.1. Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MINITAB, 434

App10.2. Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using Excel, 437

App10.3. Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MegaStat, 438

Chapter 11. Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance, 440

11.1. Basic Concepts of Experimental Design, 441

11.2. One-Way Analysis of Variance, 444

11.3. The Randomized Block Design, 455

11.4. Two-Way Analysis of Variance, 464

App11.1. Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance Using MINITAB, 479

App11.2. Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance Using Excel, 482

App11.3. Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance Using MegaStat, 483

Chapter 12. Chi-Square Tests, 486

12.1. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Tests, 487

12.2. A Chi-Square Test for Independence, 496

App12.1. Chi-Square Tests Using MINITAB, 506

App12.2. Chi-Square Tests Using Excel, 509

App12.3. Chi-Square Tests Using MegaStat, 511

Chapter 13. Simple Linear Regression Analysis, 514

13.1. The Simple Linear Regression Model and the Least Squares Point Estimates, 515

13.2. Model Assumptions and the Standard Error, 530

13.3. Testing the Significance of the Slope and y-Intercept, 533

13.4. Confidence and Prediction Intervals, 541

13.5. Simple Coefficients of Determination and Correlation, 546

13.6. Testing the Significance of the Population Correlation Coefficient (Optional), 552

13.7. An F Test for the Model, 553

13.8. Residual Analysis (Optional), 556

13.9. Some Shortcut Formulas (Optional), 567

App13.1. Simple Linear Regression Analysis Using MINITAB, 576

App13.2. Simple Linear Regression Analysis Using Excel, 577

App13.3. Simple Linear Regression Analysis Using MegaStat, 578

Chapter 14. Multiple Regression, 580

14.1. The Multiple Regression Model and the Least Squares Point Estimates, 581

14.2. Model Assumptions and the Standard Error, 593

14.3. R² and Adjusted R², 595

14.4. The Overall F Test, 597

14.5. Testing the Significance of an Independent Variable, 599

14.6. Confidence and Prediction Intervals, 603

14.7. Using Dummy Variables to Model Qualitative Independent Variables, 606

14.8. The Partial F Test: Testing the Significance of a Portion of a Regression Model, 618

14.9. Residual Analysis in Multiple Regression, 621

App14.1. Multiple Regression Analysis Using MINITAB, 629

App14.2. Multiple Regression Analysis Using Excel, 630

App14.3. Multiple Regression Analysis Using MegaStat, 632

Chapter 15. Model Building and Model Diagnostics, 634

15.1. The Quadratic Regression Model, 635

15.2. Interaction, 642

15.3. Logistic Regression, 646

15.4. Model Building and the Effects of Multicollinearity, 650

15.5. Improving the Regression Model I: Diagnosing and Using Information about Outlying and Influential Observations, 663

15.6. Improving the Regression Model II: Transforming the Dependent and Independent Variables, 669

15.7. Improving the Regression Model III: The Durbin–Watson Test and Dealing with Autocorrelation, 676

App15.1. Model Building Using MINITAB, 686

App15.2. Model Building Using Excel, 690

App15.3. Model Building Using MegaStat, 691

Chapter 16. Time Series Forecasting, 694

16.1. Time Series Components and Models, 695

16.2. Time Series Regression: Basic Models, 696

16.3. Time Series Regression: More Advanced Models (Optional), 702

16.4. Multiplicative Decomposition, 706

16.5. Simple Exponential Smoothing, 713

16.6. Holt–Winters' Models, 718

16.7. Forecast Error Comparisons, 727

16.8. Index Numbers, 728

App16.1. Time Series Analysis Using MINITAB, 737

App16.2. Time Series Analysis Using Excel, 738

App16.3. Time Series Analysis Using MegaStat, 739

Chapter 17. Process Improvement Using Control Charts, 742

17.1. Quality: Its Meaning and a Historical Perspective, 743

17.2. Statistical Process Control and Causes of Process Variation, 747

17.3. Sampling a Process, Rational Subgrouping, and Control Charts, 749

17.4. x and R Charts, 754

17.5. Pattern Analysis, 770

17.6. Comparison of a Process with Specifications: Capability Studies, 775

17.7. Charts for Fraction Nonconforming, 783

17.8. Cause-and-Effect and Defect Concentration Diagrams (Optional), 789

App17.1. Control Charts Using MINITAB, 797

App17.2. Control Charts Using MegaStat, 799

Chapter 18. Nonparametric Methods, 800

18.1. The Sign Test: A Hypothesis Test about the Median, 802

18.2. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, 806

18.3. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, 812

18.4. Comparing Several Populations Using the Kruskal–Wallis H Test, 816

18.5. Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient, 818

App18.1. Nonparametric Methods Using MINITAB, 824

App18.2. Nonparametric Methods Using MegaStat, 827

Chapter 19. Decision Theory, 830

19.1. Bayes' Theorem, 831

19.2. Introduction to Decision Theory, 836

19.3. Decision Making Using Posterior Probabilities, 842

19.4. Introduction to Utility Theory, 848

Appendix A. Statistical Tables, 854

Appendix B. Counting Rules, 880

Appendix C. The Hypergeometric Distribution, 882

Appendix D. Properties of the Mean and the Variance of a Random Variable, and the Covariance, 883

Appendix E. Derivations of the Mean and Variance of x and p, 886

Answers to Most Odd-Numbered Exercises, 888

References, 897

Photo Credits, 899

Index, 900

Inside Front Cover, FM-1

Inside Back Cover, BM-1

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