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Copyright, ii
Preface, xi
1. Clearing the Way for an Evolutionary Psychology, 1
Evolutionary Psychology Is an Approach to All of Psychology, 1
Evolution and the Social Sciences, 2
Critique of the Standard Social Science Model, 4
Tinbergen’s Levels of Explanation, 15
Human Nature, 16
Human Nature and Human Variabilty, 19
The Naturalistic Fallacy, 23
Summary, 24
2. Evolution by Natural Selection, 25
The Mechanism of Natural Selection, 25
Natural Selection Crafts Adaptations, 32
Psychological Adaptations, 43
Sexual Selection Is a Kind of Natural Selection, 46
Who Benefits from Adaptations?, 51
Summary, 55
3. The Genetic Basis of Evolution, 57
Mendel Discovered the Basis of Heredity, 58
The Nature of Genes, 61
Genes Are a Chemical Code, 63
Gene-Environment Interactions, 68
Neo-Darwinism: The Union of Selection and Genetics, 70
Evolution: A Contest among Genes, 71
Selection on Polygenic Traits, 74
The Nature-Nurture Dichotomy Revisited, 77
The Genetic Fallacy Revisited, 78
Summary, 79
4. Sensation and Perception, 81
Perception Is for Action, 81
The Economics of Organs, 83
What Are the Senses For? What We Are Good At, 84
Perception Is a Mirror of the World, 84
Sensory Adaptation Is an Evolutionary Adaptation, 93
Coevolution and the Senses, 95
The Modularity of Perception, 97
Summary, 100
5. Consciousness, 101
Consciousness as Wakefulness: Why Do We Sleep?, 102
Consciousness as Voluntary Action, 104
Consciousness as Awareness, 110
Summary, 119
6. Motivation and Emotion, 121
Emotion Cannot Be Separated from Motivation, 122
Why We Avoid the Term Instinct, 123
The Evolutionary Approach to Motivation, 125
The Question of Basic Emotions, 128
Anger Is Easier to Detect than Happiness, 131
Why We Can’t Be Happy All the Time, 132
The Social Emotions, 133
Shame and Pride, 136
Conflict, Violence, and Homicide, 139
Summary, 142
7. Cognition, 143
Categorization, 143
Memory, 147
Reciprocity: An Evolutionary Explanation for Altruism, 151
Are We Designed to Think Logically?, 155
Rationality: Judgment Under Uncertainty, 160
Summary, 169
8. Learning: How Experience Modifies Behavior, 171
Learning Mechanisms Are Products of Evolution, 172
Learning Mechanisms Are Facultative Adaptations, 173
An Evolutionary Analysis of Classical and Instrumental Conditioning, 174
Learning Is Not a Single Adaptation, but Many, 182
The Diversity of Learning Mechanisms, 183
Sex Differences in Learning Abilities, 192
Some Conclusions About Learning, 194
Summary, 195
9. Individuality: Intelligence and Personality, 197
Why Is There Individual Variability in Behavior?, 198
People Represent Social Resources for Each Other, 200
Intelligence, 200
Implications of an Evolutionary View of Intelligence, 211
Personality, 214
Summary, 218
10. Health, 220
Nutrition and Exercise, 221
The Paleolithic Prescription, 224
Psychoactive Drugs, 228
Stress, 228
Darwinian Aesthetics, 230
Summary, 238
11. Abnormal Psychology, 239
An Evolutionary Perspective on the Causes of Mental Illness, 240
A Survey of Mental Disorders, 241
Two Disorders that May Be Side Effects of Genes with Fitness Benefits, 251
Summary, 255
12. The Psychology of Human Mating, 257
Sexual Selection in Humans, 258
Human Parental Investment, 261
Dynamics of Mating Competition and Choice Humans, 262
Choosiness for What?, 264
Choosing Good Genes, 266
Choosing Good Parental Investment, 270
Mixed Reproductive Strategies, 278
Counterstrategies, 282
Facultative Influences on Reproductive Strategy, 286
Summary, 288
13. Families and Development, 290
It Takes a Village (of Kin) to Raise a Child, 290
Why Kin Cooperate, 290
Evolutionary Theory Predicts Conflict within Families, 298
Development, 311
Summary, 321
14. Social Behavior, 323
Why Be Social?, 323
Social Life in the EEA, 327
The Role of Kinship in Human Social Behavior, 328
The Role of Reciprocity in Human Social Behavior, 337
Cognitive Implications of Selection for Reciprocity, 339
Reciprocity and the Environment, 345
Ingroup Bias, 347
Summary, 351
15. Culture, 353
Durkheim’s Unfortunate Legacy, 353
Facultative Adaptations and Diversity, 356
Matrilineal Inheritance, 357
Media Effects on Attractiveness Judgments, 361
How Much of Human Behavior Can Evolutionary Psychology Explain?, 364
Is Evolutionary Psychology Pessimistic?, 366
Summary, 372
Glossary, 373
References, 381
Index, I-1-1

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