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EDUCATOR LEARNING CENTER: AN INVALUABLE ONLINE RESOURCE, v
PREFACE, vii
Part 1. The Problem and Its History, 1
Chapter One. DEFINITION: THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM, 4
TERMINOLOGY, 5
DEVELOPMENTAL NORMS VERSUS SOCIOCULTURAL EXPECTATIONS, 6
BEHAVIOR SHAPED BY ITS SOCIAL CONTEXT (ECOLOGY), 7
TYPES OF DISORDERS AND CAUSES, 8
PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION, 11
PERSPECTIVES ON DEFINITION, 18
Summary, 20
CASE FOR DISCUSSION (SEE CASEBOOK FOR ADDITIONAL CASES), 21
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 23
Chapter Two. PREVALENCE: THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM, 26
WHO HAS A DISORDER?, 28
THE MEANING OF PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE, 29
FACTORS AFFECTING PREVALENCE AND PLACEMENT FOR SERVICES, 35
SUMMARY, 38
CASE FOR DISCUSSION, 38
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 40
Chapter Three. HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM: DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIELD AND CURRENT ISSUES, 43
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FIELD, 44
CURRENT ISSUES, 49
PAST AND FUTURE, 61
Summary, 62
CASE FOR DISCUSSION, 65
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 66
Chapter Four. CONCEPTUAL MODELS: APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM, 71
TRADITIONAL EXPOSITION OF CONCEPTUAL MODELS, 74
COMPARING AND ELIMINATING MODELS, 77
DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED MODEL, 79
STRUCTURE FOR DISCUSSION, 83
Summary, 84
CASE FOR DISCUSSION, 85
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 86
Part 2. Assessment, 89
Chapter Five. SCREENING AND CLASSIFICATION, 92
GENERAL CRITERIA FOR ACCEPTABLE ASSESSMENTS, 93
SCREENING, 99
PREREFERRAL STRATEGIES, 108
CLASSIFICATION, 109
NECESSITY OF CLASSIFICATION, 119
Summary, 120
CASE FOR DISCUSSION, 121
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 123
Chapter Six. EVALUATION FOR INSTRUCTION, 125
CURRENT TRENDS IN EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT, 126
WHAT GENERAL RULES APPLY TO EVALUATION FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION?, 127
EVALUATION FOR ELIGIBILITY, 131
EVALUATION FOR INTERVENTION, 133
ASSESSMENT OF PEER RELATIONS, 139
ADAPTATIONS FOR INCLUSION IN GENERAL EDUCATION ASSESSMENTS, 145
EVALUATION AND SOCIAL VALIDATION, 147
USE OF EVALUATION DATA IN WRITING INDIVIDUALIZED EDUCATION PROGRAMS, 148
THE IEP AND PLACEMENT, 154
Summary, 155
CASE FOR DISCUSSION, 156
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 157
Part 3. Causal Factors, 160
Chapter Seven. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS, 164
APPEAL OF BIOLOGICAL FACTORS AS CAUSAL EXPLANATIONS, 165
GENETICS, 166
BRAIN DAMAGE OR DYSFUNCTION, 169
AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER, 172
MALNUTRITION, ALLERGIES, AND OTHER HEALTH-RELATED ISSUES, 173
TEMPERAMENT, 174
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATORS, 177
Summary, 179
CASE FOR DISCUSSION, 180
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 181
Chapter Eight. FAMILY FACTORS, 185
APPEAL OF FAMILY FACTORS AS CAUSAL EXPLANATIONS, 186
FAMILY DEFINITION AND STRUCTURE, 188
FAMILY INTERACTION, 191
FAMILY INFLUENCES ON SCHOOL SUCCESS AND FAILURE, 197
EXTERNAL PRESSURES AFFECTING FAMILIES, 198
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATORS, 199
Summary, 200
CASE FOR DISCUSSION, 201
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 202
Chapter Nine. SCHOOL FACTORS, 205
THE APPEAL OF SCHOOL FACTORS AS CAUSAL EXPLANATIONS, 206
INTELLIGENCE, 206
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT, 209
SOCIAL SKILLS, 211
INTELLIGENCE, ACHIEVEMENT, AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR, 214
SCHOOL'S CONTRIBUTION TO EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, 215
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATORS, 227
Summary, 229
CASE FOR DISCUSSION, 229
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 231
Chapter Ten. CULTURAL FACTORS, 235
APPEAL OF CULTURAL FACTORS AS CAUSAL EXPLANATIONS, 236
CONFLICTING CULTURAL VALUES AND STANDARDS, 237
MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE, 238
PROBLEMS IN EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF CULTURAL FACTORS, 239
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATORS, 251
Summary, 252
CASE FOR DISCUSSION, 254
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 256
Part 4. Facets of Disordered Behavior, 260
Chapter Eleven. ATTENTION AND ACTIVITY DISORDERS, 263
DEFINITION AND PREVALENCE, 264
CAUSAL FACTORS AND PREVENTION, 268
ASSESSMENT, 270
INTERVENTION AND EDUCATION, 271
A PERSPECTIVE ON INTERVENTION, 279
Summary, 279
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 281
Chapter Twelve. CONDUCT DISORDER: OVERT AGGRESSION, 284
DEFINITION, PREVALENCE, AND CLASSIFICATION, 285
AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE IN SOCIAL CONTEXT, 287
CAUSAL FACTORS AND PREVENTION, 290
ASSESSMENT, 298
INTERVENTION AND EDUCATION, 299
THE ACTING-OUT BEHAVIOR CYCLE AND PRECORRECTION, 307
Summary, 312
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 313
Chapter Thirteen. CONDUCT DISORDER: COVERT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR, 317
DEFINITION AND PREVALENCE OF COVERT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR, 318
CAUSAL FACTORS AND PREVENTION, 319
ASSESSMENT, 320
INTERVENTION AND EDUCATION, 320
Summary, 326
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 327
Chapter Fourteen. PROBLEM BEHAVIORS OF ADOLESCENCE: DELINQUENCY, SUBSTANCE ABUSE, AND EARLY SEXUAL ACTIVITY, 333
PROBLEM BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENCE AND EARLY ADULTHOOD, 334
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY, 335
SUBSTANCE ABUSE, 348
EARLY SEXUAL ACTIVITY AND TEEN PARENTHOOD, 358
Summary, 360
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 362
Chapter Fifteen. ANXIETY AND RELATED DISORDERS, 369
ANXIETY DISORDERS, 370
EATING DISORDERS, 379
ELIMINATION DISORDERS, 380
SEXUAL PROBLEMS, 382
SOCIAL ISOLATION AND INEPTITUDE, 383
ASSESSMENT, 384
Summary, 387
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 388
Chapter Sixteen. DEPRESSION AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR, 392
DEPRESSION, 393
SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR, 399
Summary, 402
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 404
Chapter Seventeen. SCHIZOPHRENIA AND PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, 411
SCHIZOPHRENIA, 412
AUTISM, 416
ASPERGER SYNDROME, 420
SOCIALIZATION PROBLEMS, 421
COMMUNICATION DISORDERS, 422
STEREOTYPY, 424
Summary, 427
PERSONAL REFLECTIONS, 428
Part 5. Implications: A Beginning Point, 432
Chapter Eighteen. A PERSONAL STATEMENT, 435
SETTING EXPECTATIONS, 436
UNDERSTANDING CAUSAL FACTORS AND THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER, 437
DEFINING AND MEASURING BEHAVIOR, 439
HELPING STUDENTS EXPERIENCE WORK, PLAY, LOVE, AND FUN, 440
COMMUNICATING DIRECTLY AND HONESTLY, 443
MODELING AND TEACHING SELF-CONTROL, 444
INSTRUCTION: REFOCUSING ON THE BUSINESS OF EDUCATION, 445
THINKING ABOUT REAL PEOPLE, 445
REMEMBERING THE PAST WHEN THINKING ABOUT THE FUTURE, 446
GLOSSARY, 447
REFERENCES, 456
AUTHOR INDEX, I-1-1
SUBJECT INDEX, I-2-1

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