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Copyright, i
Acknowledgments, iv
Foreword, xii
One. Introduction to Theory and Basics, 1
One. Introduction to Police Technology, 3
Learning Objectives, 3
Introduction, 3
Text Design, 5
What is Technology?, 8
Why Examine Information Technology?, 9
Tactical and Strategic Information, 12
Efficiency and Effectiveness, 14
Community Policing, 17
Situational Crime Prevention, 21
Fragmentation, 21
Chapter Summary, 22
Discussion Questions, 22
Key Terms, 23
End Notes, 23
Two. Computer Basics, 25
Learning Objectives, 25
Introduction, 25
Hardware, 26
Inside the Computer, 32
Long-Term Information Storage Hardware, 36
Software, 39
Databases, 41
Other Computer Configurations and Necessary Concepts, 43
Chapter Summary, 44
Key Terms, 44
End Notes, 45
Three. Wireless Communications, 47
Learning Objectives, 47
Why Study Radio Communications?, 47
Electronic Information, 48
Basic Communications Hardware, 55
Radio Frequency Systems, 59
Cellular Technology, 62
Chapter Summary, 70
Discussion Questions, 70
Key Terms, 70
End Notes, 70
Four. Networks, 73
Learning Objectives, 73
Introduction, 73
Why Network?, 74
Back to Analog and Digital Signals, 77
Things That Connect, 79
Bandwidth, 84
Protocols, 84
Basic Network Types, 85
Data Security, 87
Chapter Summary, 89
Discussion Questions, 90
Key Terms, 90
End Notes, 90
Five. Geographic Information, 93
Learning Objectives, 93
Introduction, 93
What is a Geographic Information System?, 93
Cartography Basics, 94
Navstar, 98
Automatic Vehicle Location, 101
Global Positioning Satellite Technology and Geographic Information Systems, 102
Getting the Data, 106
Chapter Summary, 107
Discussion Questions, 108
Key Terms, 108
End Notes, 108
Six. A Brief History of Police Technology, 111
Learning Objectives, 111
Introduction, 111
Police Technology in Time, 112
Changing the Value of Information, 118
Policy and Procedure, 129
Fragmentation, 129
Chapter Summary, 130
Discussion Questions, 131
Key Terms, 131
End Notes, 131
Two. Strategic Information Systems and Technologies, 133
Seven. Communications Dispatch Centers, 135
Learning Objectives, 135
Introduction, 135
The Universal Emergency Number, 135
Computer-Aided Dispatch, 140
Nonemergency Points of Contact, 150
Intelligent Transportation Systems, 151
Chapter Summary, 152
Discussion Questions, 152
Key Terms, 153
End Notes, 153
Eight. Agency Systems, 155
Learning Objectives, 155
Introduction, 155
Information Security and Accuracy, 159
Turning Data into Information, 164
Police Hardware and Software, 168
Image Processing, 170
Chapter Summary, 172
Discussion Questions, 173
Key Terms, 174
End Notes, 174
Nine. External Systems, 177
Learning Objectives, 177
Introduction, 177
National Crime Information Center, 178
NCIC 2000, 180
Uniformed Crime Reports and the National Crime Victimization Survey, 182
National Crime Victimization Survey, 183
National Incident-Based Reporting System, 186
Government Databases, 188
Driver’s License and Motor Vehicle Registration Information, 190
Commercial Sources of Information, 191
Chapter Summary, 194
Discussion Questions, 195
Key Terms, 195
End Notes, 196
Ten. The Internet and Law Enforcement, 199
Learning Objectives, 199
Introduction, 199
The History of the Internet, 199
Navigating the Internet, 203
Employee Use of E-mail and Instant Messaging, 210
Listservs and CrimeWeb, 212
The Internet and Law Enforcement, 213
E-government, 220
Chapter Summary, 221
Discussion Questions, 222
Key Terms, 223
End Notes, 223
Eleven. Information Exchange, 225
Learning Objectives, 225
Introduction, 225
Why is the Exchange of Information Important?, 226
Why Can’t Agencies Exchange Information?, 228
What Should Integration Look Like?, 230
Extensible Markup Language, 232
Tactical Communications, 234
Agency Partnerships, 236
Chapter Summary, 239
Discussion Questions, 240
Key Terms, 240
End Notes, 240
Twelve. Crime Analysis, 243
Learning Objectives, 243
Introduction, 243
Crime Analysis and Community-Oriented Policing, 243
What Are the Benefits of Crime Analysis?, 244
Rational Choice, Situational Crime Prevention, and Crime Analysis, 246
The Basic Requirements for Crime Analysis, 248
The Analysis of a Crime, 249
Crime Analysis and General Problems, 261
Geographic Profiling, 262
Chapter Summary, 263
Discussion Questions, 263
Key Terms, 264
End Notes, 264
Three. Tactical Information Systems and Technologies, 265
Thirteen. Technology in Investigations, 267
Learning Objectives, 267
Introduction, 267
Scientific Validity in the Courtroom, 269
Fingerprint Technology, 271
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), 272
DNA Databanks, 277
Software and Criminal Investigations, 280
Digital Photography, 283
Chapter Summary, 284
Discussion Questions, 285
Key Terms, 285
End Notes, 286
Fourteen. Wiretaps, 287
Learning Objectives, 287
Introduction, 287
The Electronic Surveillance of Telephone Conversations, 289
A Typical Wiretap Investigation, 294
Pens, Traps, and Traces, 301
Carnivore and Magic Lantern, 303
The Telephone as an Investigative Tool, 305
USA PATRIOT Act, 306
Chapter Summary, 306
Discussion Questions, 307
Key Terms, 307
End Notes, 307
Fifteen. Tracking and Surveillance, 311
Learning Objectives, 311
Introduction, 311
Tracking Vehicles, 312
Tracking Electronic Communications, 314
Photo Red Light, 316
In-car Video, 317
Closed-Circuit Television, 321
Body Wires, 324
Night Vision Devices, 324
Video Evidence, 325
Chapter Summary, 326
Discussion Questions, 327
Key Terms, 327
End Notes, 327
Sixteen. Hi-Tech Crime, 329
Learning Objectives, 329
Introduction, 329
Computer Crime, 331
Computer-related Crime, 331
Technology Crime, 332
Hi-Tech Crime, 333
The Internet and Crime, 334
System Attacks, 338
Service Theft, 339
Software Piracy, 340
Hardware Theft, 341
Evidence and Hi-Tech Crimes, 342
Chapter Summary, 345
Discussion Questions, 345
Key Terms, 346
End Notes, 346
Seventeen. Major Incident and Disaster Response, 349
Learning Objectives, 349
Introduction, 349
The Incident Command System, 350
Incident Command Post Technology, 358
Emergency Operations Centers, 363
Technological Considerations for the First Responder, 365
What’s Not Included?, 366
Chapter Summary, 367
Discussion Questions, 367
Key Terms, 368
End Notes, 368
Eighteen. Technology in the Street, 369
Learning Objectives, 369
Introduction, 369
Less-Lethal Use-of-Force Devices, 370
The Police Baton, 374
Chemical Agents, 375
Beanbag Shotgun, 376
Electrical Control Devices, 379
Traffic Enforcement, 380
Vehicle Pursuits, 381
Gunfire-Reduction Technology, 382
Body Armor, 384
Automated External Defibrillator, 385
Chapter Summary, 386
Discussion Questions, 387
Key Terms, 387
End Notes, 387
Four. Technology in Police Management, 389
Nineteen. Personnel and Training, 391
Learning Objectives, 391
Introduction, 391
Scheduling and Deployment, 391
Case Management, 398
Problem Officers, 399
Training, 401
Chapter Summary, 407
Discussion Questions, 408
Key Terms, 408
End Notes, 408
Twenty. Implementing and Managing Technology, 409
Learning Objectives, 409
Introduction, 409
Leadership and Technology, 410
Planning, 410
Paving the Cow Path, 412
The Use of Consultants, 414
Losing People, 415
Contracting Out and Outsourcing, 417
The Government Buying Process, 418
Financing the Purchase, 419
Chapter Summary, 420
Discussion Questions, 421
Key Terms, 421
End Notes, 421
Twenty-one. Emerging and Future Technologies, 423
Learning Objectives, 423
Introduction, 423
Finding Us, 424
Our Homes as Prisons, 426
Scanning Us, 427
Dataviellance, 427
Using the Us of Us, 428
Satellite Technology, 430
Pursuit Technology, 430
AVL, 431
Less-Lethal Use of Force, 431
Getting Smaller, 431
Chapter Summary, 432
Discussion Questions, 432
Key Terms, 433
End Notes, 433
Bibliography, 433
Index, I-1-1

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