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Java™ How to Program, Seventh Edition

by P. J. Deitel - Deitel & Associates, Inc.; H. M. Deitel - Deitel & Associates, Inc.

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Deitel® Series Page, ii
How To Program Series, ii
Simply Series, ii
SafariX Web Books, iii
Copyright, iv
Dedication, vii
Deitel Resource Centers, viii
Preface, xxv
New and Updated Features, xxv
Capabilities introduced in Java How to Program, Sixth Edition include:, xxvii
Dependency Chart, xxviii
Teaching Approach, xxx
Student Resources Included with Java How to Program, 7/e, xxxii
Java Multimedia Cyber Classroom, 7/e, xxxii
Instructor Resources for Java How to Program, 7/e, xxxiii
Computer Science AP Courses, xxxiii
Deitel® Buzz Online Free E-mail Newsletter, xxxiii
What’s New at Deitel, xxxiii
Acknowledgments, xxxiv
About the Authors, xxxvi
About Deitel & Associates, Inc., xxxvii
Before You Begin, xxxviii
Font and Naming Conventions, xxxviii
Java Standard Edition Development Kit (JDK) 6, xxxviii
Software and Hardware System Requirements, xxxviii
Using the CDs, xxxviii
Copying the Book Examples from the CD, xxxix
Changing the Read-Only Property of Files, xl
Installing the Java Standard Edition Development Kit (JDK), xlii
Setting the PATH Environment Variable, xlii
Setting the CLASSPATH Environment Variable, xliv
1. Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the Web, 1
1.1. Introduction, 2
Pedagogy, 2
Fundamentals, 2
Java Standard Edition 6 (Java SE 6) and the Java Development Kit 6 (JDK 6), 3
Evolution of Computing and Programming, 3
Language of Choice for Networked Applications, 3
Staying in Touch with Us, 3
1.2. What Is a Computer?, 4
1.3. Computer Organization, 4
1.4. Early Operating Systems, 5
1.5. Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing, 6
1.6. The Internet and the World Wide Web, 6
1.7. Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages, 7
1.8. History of C and C++, 8
1.9. History of Java, 9
1.10. Java Class Libraries, 9
1.11. Fortran, COBOL, Pascal and Ada, 10
1.12. BASIC, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C# and .NET, 11
1.13. Typical Java Development Environment, 11
Phase 1: Creating a Program, 13
Phase 2: Compiling a Java Program into Bytecodes, 13
Phase 3: Loading a Program into Memory, 14
Phase 4: Bytecode Verification, 14
Phase 5: Execution, 14
Problems That May Occur at Execution Time, 14
1.14. Notes about Java and Java How to Program, 7/e, 15
1.15. Test-Driving a Java Application, 16
Additional Applications Found in Java How to Program, 7/e, 20
1.16. Software Engineering Case Study: Introduction to Object Technology and the UML, 20
Basic Object Technology Concepts, 21
Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), 22
History of the UML, 23
What Is the UML?, 24
Web UML Resources, 24
Recommended Readings, 24
Section 1.16 Self-Review Exercises, 24
Answers to Section 1.16 Self-Review Exercises, 25
1.17. Web 2.0, 25
1.18. Software Technologies, 26
1.19. Wrap-Up, 27
1.20. Web Resources, 28
Deitel & Associates Websites, 28
Deitel Java Resource Centers, 28
Sun Microsystems Websites, 28
Editors and Integrated Development Environments, 29
Additional Java Resource Sites, 29
Summary, 30
Section 1.1 Introduction, 30
Section 1.2 What Is a Computer?, 30
Section 1.3 Computer Organization, 30
Section 1.4 Early Operating Systems, 31
Section 1.5 Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing, 31
Section 1.6 The Internet and the World Wide Web, 31
Section 1.7 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages, 31
Section 1.8 History of C and C++, 31
Section 1.9 History of Java, 32
Section 1.10 Java Class Libraries, 32
Section 1.11 Fortran, COBOL, Pascal and Ada, 32
Section 1.12 BASIC, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C# and .NET, 32
Section 1.13 Typical Java Development Environment, 32
Section 1.16 Software Engineering Case Study: Introduction to Object Technology and the UML (Required), 33
Terminology, 33
Self-Review Exercises, 34
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 35
Exercises, 35
2. Introduction to Java Applications, 37
2.1. Introduction, 38
2.2. A First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text, 38
Compiling and Executing Your First Java Application, 43
2.3. Modifying Our First Java Program, 45
Displaying a Single Line of Text with Multiple Statements, 45
Displaying Multiple Lines of Text with a Single Statement, 46
2.4. Displaying Text with printf, 48
2.5. Another Java Application: Adding Integers, 49
Java API Documentation, 53
2.6. Memory Concepts, 54
2.7. Arithmetic, 55
Arithmetic Expressions in Straight-Line Form, 55
Parentheses for Grouping Subexpressions, 55
Rules of Operator Precedence, 56
Sample Algebraic and Java Expressions, 56
Evaluation of a Second-Degree Polynomial, 57
2.8. Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators, 58
2.9. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Examining the Requirements Document, 63
Requirements Document, 63
Analyzing the ATM System, 67
Use Case Diagrams, 68
Designing the ATM System, 69
Internet and Web Resources, 70
Recommended Readings, 71
Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 72
Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 72
2.10. Wrap-Up, 73
Summary, 73
Section 2.2 A First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text, 73
Section 2.3 Modifying Our First Java Program, 74
Section 2.4 Displaying Text with printf, 74
Section 2.5 Another Java Application: Adding Integers, 74
Section 2.6 Memory Concepts, 75
Section 2.7 Arithmetic, 75
Section 2.8 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators, 76
Terminology, 76
Self-Review Exercises, 77
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 78
Exercises, 80
3. Introduction to Classes and Objects, 84
3.1. Introduction, 85
3.2. Classes, Objects, Methods and Instance Variables, 85
3.3. Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class, 87
Class GradeBook, 87
Class GradeBookTest, 88
Compiling an Application with Multiple Classes, 90
UML Class Diagram for Class GradeBook, 90
3.4. Declaring a Method with a Parameter, 91
More on Arguments and Parameters, 93
Updated UML Class Diagram for Class GradeBook, 93
Notes on import Declarations, 94
3.5. Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods, 94
GradeBook Class with an Instance Variable, a set Method and a get Method, 95
Access Modifiers public and private, 96
GradeBookTest Class That Demonstrates Class GradeBook, 97
set and get Methods, 98
UML Class Diagram for class GradeBook with an Instance Variable and set and get Methods, 99
3.6. Primitive Types vs. Reference Types, 99
3.7. Initializing Objects with Constructors, 100
Adding the Constructor to Class GradeBook’s UML Class Diagram, 103
3.8. Floating-Point Numbers and Type double, 103
Floating-Point Number Precision and Memory Requirements, 103
Account Class with an Instance Variable of Type double, 104
AccountTest Class to Use Class Account, 105
UML Class Diagram for Class Account, 107
3.9. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Using Dialog Boxes, 108
Displaying Text in a Dialog Box, 109
Entering Text in a Dialog Box, 110
GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise, 111
3.10. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying the Classes in a Requirements Document, 111
Identifying the Classes in a System, 111
Modeling Classes, 113
Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 117
Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 117
3.11. Wrap-Up, 119
Summary, 119
Section 3.2 Classes, Objects, Methods and Instance Variables, 119
Section 3.3 Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class, 119
Section 3.4 Declaring a Method with a Parameter, 120
Section 3.5 Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods, 121
Section 3.6 Primitive Types vs. Reference Types, 121
Section 3.7 Initializing Objects with Constructors, 122
Section 3.8 Floating-Point Numbers and Type double, 122
Terminology, 122
Self-Review Exercises, 123
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 124
Exercises, 125
4. Control Statements: Part 1, 127
4.1. Introduction, 128
4.2. Algorithms, 128
4.3. Pseudocode, 129
4.4. Control Structures, 129
Sequence Structure in Java, 130
Selection Statements in Java, 131
Repetition Statements in Java, 131
Summary of Control Statements in Java, 132
4.5. if Single-Selection Statement, 132
4.6. if...else Double-Selection Statement, 133
Conditional Operator (?:), 134
Nested if...else Statements, 135
Dangling-else Problem, 136
Blocks, 137
4.7. while Repetition Statement, 138
4.8. Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetition, 139
Pseudocode Algorithm with Counter-Controlled Repetition, 139
Implementing Counter-Controlled Repetition in Class GradeBook, 140
Class GradeBookTest, 143
Notes on Integer Division and Truncation, 143
4.9. Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition, 144
Developing the Pseudocode Algorithm with Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: The Top and First Refinement, 145
Prosceeding to the Second Refinement, 145
Implementing Sentinel-Controlled Repetition in Class GradeBook, 147
Program Logic for Sentinel-Controlled Repetition vs. Counter-Controlled Repetition, 149
Explicitly and Implicitly Converting Between Primitive Types, 150
4.10. Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements, 152
Complete Second Refinement of Pseudocode and Conversion to Class Analysis, 154
AnalysisTest Class That Demonstrates Class Analysis, 156
4.11. Compound Assignment Operators, 157
4.12. Increment and Decrement Operators, 158
4.13. Primitive Types, 161
4.14. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Creating Simple Drawings, 161
GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercises, 164
4.15. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Attributes, 166
Identifying Attributes, 166
Modeling Attributes, 168
Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 170
Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 170
4.16. Wrap-Up, 170
Summary, 171
Section 4.1 Introduction, 171
Section 4.2 Algorithms, 171
Section 4.3 Pseudocode, 171
Section 4.4 Control Structures, 171
Section 4.5 if Single-Selection Statement, 172
Section 4.6 if...else Double-Selection Statement, 173
Section 4.7 while Repetition Statement, 173
Section 4.8 Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetition, 173
Section 4.9 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition, 174
Section 4.11 Compound Assignment Operators, 174
Section 4.12 Increment and Decrement Operators, 174
Section 4.13 Primitive Types, 175
Section 4.14 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Creating Simple Drawings, 175
Terminology, 176
Self-Review Exercises, 177
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 179
Exercises, 180
5. Control Statements: Part 2, 186
5.1. Introduction, 187
5.2. Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition, 187
5.3. for Repetition Statement, 189
5.4. Examples Using the for Statement, 193
Application: Summing the Even Integers from 2 to 20, 194
Application: Compound-Interest Calculations, 195
5.5. do...while Repetition Statement, 198
5.6. switch Multiple-Selection Statement, 199
GradeBook Class with switch Statement to Count A, B, C, D and F Grades, 200
GradeBookTest Class That Demonstrates Class GradeBook, 204
switch Statement UML Activity Diagram, 206
5.7. break and continue Statements, 207
break Statement, 207
continue Statement, 208
5.8. Logical Operators, 209
Conditional AND (&&) Operator, 209
Conditional OR (||) Operator, 210
Short-Circuit Evaluation of Complex Conditions, 211
Boolean Logical AND (&) and Boolean Logical Inclusive OR (|) Operators, 211
Boolean Logical Exclusive OR (^), 212
Logical Negation (!) Operator, 212
Logical Operators Example, 213
5.9. Structured Programming Summary, 215
5.10. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Rectangles and Ovals, 220
GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercises, 223
5.11. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Objects’ States and Activities, 223
State Machine Diagrams, 223
Activity Diagrams, 224
Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 227
Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 227
5.12. Wrap-Up, 227
Summary, 228
Section 5.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition, 228
Section 5.3 for Repetition Statement, 229
Section 5.4 Examples Using the for Statement, 229
Section 5.5 do...while Repetition Statement, 230
Section 5.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement, 230
Section 5.7 break and continue Statements, 231
Section 5.8 Logical Operators, 231
Section 5.10 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Rectangles and Ovals, 232
Terminology, 232
Self-Review Exercises, 233
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 234
Exercises, 235
6. Methods: A Deeper Look, 239
6.1. Introduction, 240
6.2. Program Modules in Java, 241
6.3. static Methods, static Fields and Class Math, 242
Math Class Constants PI and E, 244
Why Is Method main Declared static?, 244
Additional Comments about Method main, 245
6.4. Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters, 245
Implementing Method maximum by Reusing Method Math.max, 248
Assembling Strings with String Concatenation, 248
6.5. Notes on Declaring and Using Methods, 249
6.6. Method-Call Stack and Activation Records, 250
6.7. Argument Promotion and Casting, 251
6.8. Java API Packages, 252
6.9. Case Study: Random-Number Generation, 254
Rolling a Six-Sided Die, 255
Rolling a Six-Sided Die 6000 Times, 256
6.9.1. Generalized Scaling and Shifting of Random Numbers, 258
6.9.2. Random-Number Repeatability for Testing and Debugging, 259
6.10. Case Study: A Game of Chance (Introducing Enumerations), 260
6.11. Scope of Declarations, 264
6.12. Method Overloading, 267
Declaring Overloaded Methods, 267
Distinguishing Between Overloaded Methods, 269
Return Types of Overloaded Methods, 269
6.13. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Colors and Filled Shapes, 270
GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercises, 272
6.14. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Operations, 273
Identifying Operations, 274
Modeling Operations, 274
Identifying and Modeling Operation Parameters, 278
Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 280
Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 280
6.15. Wrap-Up, 280
Summary, 281
Section 6.1 Introduction, 281
Section 6.2 Program Modules in Java, 281
Section 6.3 static Methods, static Fields and Class Math, 281
Section 6.4 Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters, 282
Section 6.5 Notes on Declaring and Using Methods, 282
Section 6.6 Method-Call Stack and Activation Records, 283
Section 6.7 Argument Promotion and Casting, 283
Section 6.9 Case Study: Random-Number Generation, 283
Section 6.10 Case Study: A Game of Chance (Introducing Enumerations), 284
Section 6.11 Scope of Declarations, 284
Section 6.12 Method Overloading, 284
Terminology, 284
Self-Review Exercises, 285
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 287
Exercises, 289
7. Arrays, 295
7.1. Introduction, 296
7.2. Arrays, 296
7.3. Declaring and Creating Arrays, 298
7.4. Examples Using Arrays, 299
Creating and Initializing an Array, 299
Using an Array Initializer, 300
Calculating the Values to Store in an Array, 301
Summing the Elements of an Array, 303
Using Bar Charts to Display Array Data Graphically, 303
Using the Elements of an Array as Counters, 305
Using Arrays to Analyze Survey Results, 306
7.5. Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation, 308
Class Card, 308
Class DeckOfCards, 308
Shuffling and Dealing Cards, 311
7.6. Enhanced for Statement, 312
7.7. Passing Arrays to Methods, 313
Notes on Passing Arguments to Methods, 316
7.8. Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades, 317
Storing Student Grades in an Array in Class GradeBook, 317
Class GradeBookTest That Demonstrates Class GradeBook, 321
7.9. Multidimensional Arrays, 322
Arrays of One-Dimensional Arrays, 323
Two-Dimensional Arrays with Rows of Different Lengths, 323
Creating Two-Dimensional Arrays with Array-Creation Expressions, 324
Two-Dimensional Array Example: Displaying Element Values, 324
Common Multidimensional-Array Manipulations Performed with for Statements, 325
7.10. Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional Array, 326
Storing Student Grades in a Two-Dimensional Array in Class GradeBook, 326
Class GradeBookTest That Demonstrates Class GradeBook, 331
7.11. Variable-Length Argument Lists, 332
7.12. Using Command-Line Arguments, 333
7.13. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Arcs, 335
GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise, 338
7.14. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Collaboration Among Objects, 338
Identifying the Collaborations in a System, 339
Interaction Diagrams, 341
Communication Diagrams, 341
Sequence of Messages in a Communication Diagram, 342
Sequence Diagrams, 343
Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 345
Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 345
7.15. Wrap-Up, 346
Summary, 347
Section 7.1, Introduction, 347
Section 7.2, Arrays, 347
Section 7.3, Declaring and Creating Arrays, 347
Section 7.4, Examples Using Arrays, 348
Section 7.6, Enhanced for Statement, 348
Section 7.7, Passing Arrays to Methods, 348
Section 7.9, Multidimensional Arrays, 348
Section 7.11, Variable-Length Argument Lists, 349
Section 7.12, Using Command-Line Arguments, 349
Terminology, 349
Self-Review Exercises, 350
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 351
Exercises, 351
Exercises 7.30—7.33 are reasonably challenging. Once you have done these problems, you ought to be able to implement most popular card games easily, 360
Special Section: Building Your Own Computer, 361
8. Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look, 368
8.1. Introduction, 369
8.2. Time Class Case Study, 370
Time1 Class Declaration, 370
Using Class Time1, 372
Notes on the Time1 Class Declaration, 373
8.3. Controlling Access to Members, 374
8.4. Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference, 375
8.5. Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors, 377
Class Time2 with Overloaded Constructors, 377
Class Time2’s Constructors, 379
Notes Regarding Class Time2’s Set and Get Methods and Constructors, 380
Using Class Time2’s Overloaded Constructors, 381
8.6. Default and No-Argument Constructors, 382
8.7. Notes on Set and Get Methods, 383
Set and Get Methods vs. public Data, 383
Validity Checking in Set Methods, 384
Predicate Methods, 384
Using Set and Get Methods to Create a Class That Is Easier to Debug and Maintain, 384
8.8. Composition, 384
8.9. Enumerations, 387
8.10. Garbage Collection and Method finalize, 390
8.11. static Class Members, 391
8.12. static Import, 396
8.13. final Instance Variables, 397
8.14. Software Reusability, 399
8.15. Data Abstraction and Encapsulation, 400
8.16. Time Class Case Study: Creating Packages, 402
Steps for Declaring a Reusable Class, 402
Steps 1 and 2: Creating a public Class and Adding the package Statement, 402
Step 3: Compiling the Packaged Class, 404
Step 4: Importing the Reusable Class, 404
Specifying the Classpath During Compilation, 406
Specifying the Classpath When Executing an Application, 407
8.17. Package Access, 407
8.18. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Using Objects with Graphics, 409
GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise, 412
8.19. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System, 412
Visibility, 412
Navigability, 413
Implementing the ATM System from Its UML Design, 414
Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 417
Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 417
8.20. Wrap-Up, 418
Summary, 418
Section 8.2 Time Class Case Study, 418
Section 8.4 Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference, 419
Section 8.5 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors, 419
Section 8.6 Default and No-Argument Constructors, 419
Section 8.7 Notes on Set and Get Methods, 419
Section 8.8 Composition, 419
Section 8.9 Enumerations, 419
Section 8.10 Garbage Collection and Method finalize, 420
Section 8.11 static Class Members, 420
Section 8.12 static Import, 420
Section 8.13 final Instance Variables, 420
Section 8.14 Software Reusability, 420
Section 8.15 Data Abstraction and Encapsulation, 420
Section 8.16 Time Class Case Study: Creating Packages, 421
Section 8.17 Package Access, 421
Terminology, 421
Self-Review Exercise, 422
Answers to Self-Review Exercise, 423
Exercises, 423
9. Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance, 427
9.1. Introduction, 428
9.2. Superclasses and Subclasses, 429
9.3. protected Members, 431
9.4. Relationship between Superclasses and Subclasses, 432
9.4.1. Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class, 433
9.4.2. Creating a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class without Using Inheritance, 437
9.4.3. Creating a CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy, 442
9.4.4. CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using protected Instance Variables, 445
9.4.5. CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using private Instance Variables, 451
9.5. Constructors in Subclasses, 456
9.6. Software Engineering with Inheritance, 462
9.7. Object Class, 463
9.8. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Displaying Text and Images Using Labels, 465
GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise, 467
9.9. Wrap-Up, 467
Summary, 468
Section 9.1 Introduction, 468
Section 9.2 Superclasses and Subclasses, 468
Section 9.3 protected Members, 468
Section 9.4 Relationship between Superclasses and Subclasses, 468
Section 9.5 Constructors in Subclasses, 468
Section 9.6 Software Engineering with Inheritance, 469
Terminology, 469
Self-Review Exercises, 469
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 470
Exercises, 470
10. Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism, 471
10.1. Introduction, 472
10.2. Polymorphism Examples, 474
10.3. Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior, 475
10.4. Abstract Classes and Methods, 478
10.5. Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism, 480
10.5.1. Creating Abstract Superclass Employee, 481
10.5.2. Creating Concrete Subclass SalariedEmployee, 484
10.5.3. Creating Concrete Subclass HourlyEmployee, 485
10.5.4. Creating Concrete Subclass CommissionEmployee, 487
10.5.5. Creating Indirect Concrete Subclass BasePlusCommissionEmployee, 488
10.5.6. Demonstrating Polymorphic Processing, Operator instanceof and Downcasting, 490
10.5.7. Summary of the Allowed Assignments Between Superclass and Subclass Variables, 495
10.6. final Methods and Classes, 495
10.7. Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces, 496
10.7.1. Developing a Payable Hierarchy, 497
10.7.2. Declaring Interface Payable, 498
10.7.3. Creating Class Invoice, 499
10.7.4. Modifying Class Employee to Implement Interface Payable, 501
10.7.5. Modifying Class SalariedEmployee for Use in the Payable Hierarchy, 503
10.7.6. Using Interface Payable to Process Invoices and Employees Polymorphically, 505
10.7.7. Declaring Constants with Interfaces, 506
10.7.8. Common Interfaces of the Java API, 507
10.8. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing with Polymorphism, 508
GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercises, 508
10.9. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Incorporating Inheritance into the ATM System, 510
Implementing the ATM System Design (Incorporating Inheritance), 515
Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 517
Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 517
10.10. Wrap-Up, 518
Summary, 518
Section 10.1 Introduction, 518
Section 10.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior, 518
Section 10.4 Abstract Classes and Methods, 518
Section 10.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism, 519
Section 10.6 final Methods and Classes, 519
Section 10.7 Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces, 520
Terminology, 520
Self-Review Exercises, 521
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 521
Exercises, 521
11. GUI Components: Part 1, 523
11.1. Introduction, 524
11.2. Simple GUI-Based Input/Output with JOptionPane, 525
Input Dialogs, 526
Converting Strings to int Values, 527
Message Dialogs, 527
JOptionPane Message Dialog Constants, 528
11.3. Overview of Swing Components, 528
Swing vs. AWT, 529
Lightweight vs. Heavyweight GUI Components, 529
Superclasses of Swing’s Lightweight GUI Components, 530
11.4. Displaying Text and Images in a Window, 531
Labeling GUI Components, 531
Specifying the Layout, 533
Creating and Attaching label1, 534
Creating and Attaching label2, 534
Creating and Attaching label3, 535
Creating and Displaying a LabelFrame Window, 536
11.5. Text Fields and an Introduction to Event Handling with Nested Classes, 536
Creating the GUI, 539
Steps Required to Set Up Event Handling for a GUI Component, 540
Using a Nested Class to Implement an Event Handler, 540
Registering the Event Handler for Each Text Field, 541
Details of Class TextFieldHandler’s actionPerformed Method, 542
Class TextFieldTest, 542
11.6. Common GUI Event Types and Listener Interfaces, 542
11.7. How Event Handling Works, 545
Registering Events, 545
Event-Handler Invocation, 546
11.8. JButton, 546
Accessing the this Reference in an Object of a Top-Level Class From an Inner Class, 550
11.9. Buttons That Maintain State, 550
11.9.1. JCheckBox, 550
11.9.2. JRadioButton, 553
11.10. JComboBox and Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event Handling, 556
Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event Handling, 559
11.11. JList, 560
11.12. Multiple-Selection Lists, 562
11.13. Mouse Event Handling, 565
Tracking Mouse Events on a JPanel, 566
11.14. Adapter Classes, 570
Extending MouseAdapter, 571
11.15. JPanel Subclass for Drawing with the Mouse, 573
Method paintComponent, 573
Defining the Custom Drawing Area, 574
Using the Custom JPanel in an Application, 577
11.16. Key-Event Handling, 577
11.17. Layout Managers, 580
11.17.1. FlowLayout, 582
11.17.2. BorderLayout, 584
11.17.3. GridLayout, 588
11.18. Using Panels to Manage More Complex Layouts, 590
11.19. JTextArea, 591
JScrollPane Scrollbar Policies, 594
11.20. Wrap-Up, 594
Summary, 595
Section 11.1 Introduction, 595
Section 11.2 Simple GUI-Based Input/Output with JOptionPane, 595
Section 11.3 Overview of Swing Components, 595
Section 11.4 Displaying Text and Images in a Window, 596
Section 11.5 Text Fields and an Introduction to Event Handling with Nested Classes, 596
Section 11.6 Common GUI Event Types and Listener Interfaces, 597
Section 11.7 How Event Handling Works, 597
Section 11.8 JButton, 598
Section 11.9 Buttons That Maintain State, 598
Section 11.10 JComboBox and Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event Handling, 598
Section 11.11 JList, 599
Section 11.12 Multiple-Selection Lists, 599
Section 11.13 Mouse Event Handling, 599
Section 11.14 Adapter Classes, 599
Section 11.15 JPanel Subclass for Drawing with the Mouse, 600
Section 11.16 Key-Event Handling, 600
Section 11.17 Layout Managers, 600
Section 11.19 JTextArea, 601
Terminology, 601
Self-Review Exercises, 603
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 604
Exercises, 604
(Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise: Expanding the Interface, 607
12. Graphics and Java 2D™, 609
12.1. Introduction, 610
12.2. Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects, 612
12.3. Color Control, 613
12.4. Font Control, 620
Font Metrics, 623
12.5. Drawing Lines, Rectangles and Ovals, 626
12.6. Drawing Arcs, 630
12.7. Drawing Polygons and Polylines, 633
12.8. Java 2D API, 636
Lines, Rectangles, Round Rectangles, Arcs and Ellipses, 636
Ovals, Gradient Fills and Paint Objects, 638
Rectangles, Strokes, 639
Rounded Rectangles, BufferedImages and TexturePaint Objects, 639
Arcs, 640
Lines, 640
Creating Your Own Shapes with General Paths, 640
12.9. Wrap-Up, 643
Summary, 643
Section 12.1 Introduction, 643
Section 12.2 Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects, 643
Section 12.3 Color Control, 644
Section 12.4 Font Control, 644
Section 12.5 Drawing Lines, Rectangles and Ovals, 644
Section 12.6 Drawing Arcs, 644
Section 12.7 Drawing Polygons and Polylines, 645
Section 12.8 Java 2D API, 645
Terminology, 645
Self-Review Exercises, 646
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 647
Exercises, 647
(Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Adding Java2D, 650
13. Exception Handling, 652
13.1. Introduction, 653
13.2. Exception-Handling Overview, 654
13.3. Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling, 655
13.4. Example: Handling ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions, 657
Enclosing Code in a try Block, 659
Catching Exceptions, 659
Termination Model of Exception Handling, 660
Using the throws Clause, 661
13.5. When to Use Exception Handling, 662
13.6. Java Exception Hierarchy, 663
13.7. finally Block, 666
Throwing Exceptions Using the throw Statement, 669
Rethrowing Exceptions, 670
13.8. Stack Unwinding, 670
13.9. printStackTrace, getStackTrace and getMessage, 672
13.10. Chained Exceptions, 674
13.11. Declaring New Exception Types, 676
13.12. Preconditions and Postconditions, 677
13.13. Assertions, 678
13.14. Wrap-Up, 679
Summary, 680
Section 13.1 Introduction, 680
Section 13.2 Exception-Handling Overview, 680
Section 13.3 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling, 680
Section 13.4 Example: Handling ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions, 680
Section 13.5 When to Use Exception Handling, 681
Section 13.6 Java Exception Hierarchy, 681
Section 13.7 finally block, 682
Section 13.8 Stack Unwinding, 682
Section 13.9 printStackTrace, getStackTrace and getMessage, 682
Section 13.10 Chained Exceptions, 682
Section 13.11 Declaring New Exception Types, 682
Section 13.12 Preconditions and Postconditions, 683
Section 13.13 Assertions, 683
Terminology, 683
Self-Review Exercises, 683
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 684
Exercises, 685
14. Files and Streams, 686
14.1. Introduction, 687
14.2. Data Hierarchy, 688
14.3. Files and Streams, 690
14.4. Class File, 692
Creating File Objects, 692
Demonstrating Class File, 694
14.5. Sequential-Access Text Files, 696
14.5.1. Creating a Sequential-Access Text File, 696
14.5.2. Reading Data from a Sequential-Access Text File, 703
14.5.3. Case Study: A Credit-Inquiry Program, 706
14.5.4. Updating Sequential-Access Files, 710
14.6. Object Serialization, 712
14.6.1. Creating a Sequential-Access File Using Object Serialization, 713
14.6.2. Reading and Deserializing Data from a Sequential-Access File, 718
14.7. Additional java.io Classes, 721
Interfaces and Classes for Byte-Based Input and Output, 721
Interfaces and Classes for Character-Based Input and Output, 723
14.8. Opening Files with JFileChooser, 723
14.9. Wrap-Up, 727
Summary, 727
Section 14.1 Introduction, 727
Section 14.2 Data Hierarchy, 727
Section 14.3 Files and Streams, 727
Section 14.4 Class File, 728
Section 14.5 Sequential-Access Text Files, 728
Section 14.6 Object Serialization, 728
Section 14.7 Additional java.io Classes, 729
Section 14.8 Opening Files with JFileChooser, 729
Terminology, 729
Self-Review Exercises, 730
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 732
Exercises, 733
15. Recursion, 737
15.1. Introduction, 738
15.2. Recursion Concepts, 739
15.3. Example Using Recursion: Factorials, 740
15.4. Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series, 743
15.5. Recursion and the Method-Call Stack, 746
15.6. Recursion vs. Iteration, 747
15.7. Towers of Hanoi, 749
15.8. Fractals, 752
15.9. Recursive Backtracking, 763
15.10. Wrap-Up, 763
15.11. Internet and Web Resources, 764
Recursion Concepts, 764
Stacks, 764
Fractals, 764
Recursive Backtracking, 765
Summary, 765
Section 15.1 Introduction, 765
Section 15.2 Recursion Concepts, 765
Section 15.3 Example Using Recursion: Factorials, 765
Section 15.4 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series, 765
Section 15.5 Recursion and the Method-Call Stack, 766
Section 15.6 Recursion vs. Iteration, 766
Section 15.8 Fractals, 766
Section 15.9 Recursive Backtracking, 766
Terminology, 767
Self-Review Exercises, 767
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 768
Exercises, 768
16. Searching and Sorting, 773
16.1. Introduction, 774
16.2. Searching Algorithms, 775
16.2.1. Linear Search, 775
16.2.2. Binary Search, 779
16.3. Sorting Algorithms, 784
16.3.1. Selection Sort, 785
16.3.2. Insertion Sort, 789
16.3.3. Merge Sort, 793
16.4. Invariants, 799
16.5. Wrap-Up, 800
Summary, 801
Section 16.1 Introduction, 801
Section 16.2 Searching Algorithms, 801
Section 16.3 Sorting Algorithms, 801
Section 16.4 Invariants, 802
Terminology, 802
Self-Review Exercises, 803
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 803
Exercises, 803
17. Data Structures, 806
17.1. Introduction, 807
17.2. Type-Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types, 808
17.3. Autoboxing and Auto-Unboxing, 808
17.4. Self-Referential Classes, 809
17.5. Dynamic Memory Allocation, 810
17.6. Linked Lists, 810
17.7. Stacks, 821
Stack Class That Inherits from List, 821
Stack Class That Contains a Reference to a List, 824
17.8. Queues, 825
17.9. Trees, 827
17.10. Wrap-Up, 834
Summary, 834
Section 17.1 Introduction, 834
Section 17.2 Type-Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types, 835
Section 17.3 Autoboxing and Auto-Unboxing, 835
Section 17.4 Self-Referential Classes, 835
Section 17.5 Dynamic Memory Allocation, 835
Section 17.6 Linked Lists, 835
Section 17.7 Stacks, 835
Section 17.8 Queues, 836
Section 17.9 Trees, 836
Terminology, 836
Self-Review Exercises, 837
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 838
Exercises, 839
Special Section: Building Your Own Compiler, 844
First Pass, 847
Second Pass, 849
A Complete Example, 849
A Step-by-Step View of the Compilation Process, 851
18. Generics, 859
18.1. Introduction, 860
18.2. Motivation for Generic Methods, 861
18.3. Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time Translation, 863
18.4. Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type, 866
18.5. Overloading Generic Methods, 869
18.6. Generic Classes, 870
Creating Generic Methods to Test Class Stack< E >, 877
18.7. Raw Types, 880
18.8. Wildcards in Methods That Accept Type Parameters, 884
Implementing Method sum With a Wildcard Type Argument in Its Parameter, 886
18.9. Generics and Inheritance: Notes, 888
18.10. Wrap-Up, 889
18.11. Internet and Web Resources, 889
Summary, 889
Section 18.1 Introduction, 889
Section 18.2 Motivation for Generic Methods, 889
Section 18.3 Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time Translation, 889
Section 18.4 Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type, 890
Section 18.5 Overloading Generic Methods, 890
Section 18.6 Generic Classes, 891
Section 18.7 Raw Types, 891
Section 18.8 Wildcards in Methods That Accept Type Parameters, 891
Section 18.9 Generics and Inheritance: Notes, 891
Terminology, 892
Self-Review Exercises, 892
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 892
Exercises, 893
19. Collections, 894
19.1. Introduction, 895
19.2. Collections Overview, 896
19.3. Class Arrays, 897
19.4. Interface Collection and Class Collections, 900
19.5. Lists, 901
19.5.1. ArrayList and Iterator, 901
19.5.2. LinkedList, 904
19.5.3. Vector, 908
19.6. Collections Algorithms, 912
19.6.1. Algorithm sort, 913
19.6.2. Algorithm shuffle, 917
19.6.3. Algorithms reverse, fill, copy, max and min, 920
19.6.4. Algorithm binarySearch, 922
19.6.5. Algorithms addAll, frequency and disjoint, 924
19.7. Stack Class of Package java.util, 925
19.8. Class PriorityQueue and Interface Queue, 928
19.9. Sets, 929
Sorted Sets, 931
19.10. Maps, 932
Map Implementation with Hash Tables, 933
19.11. Properties Class, 937
19.12. Synchronized Collections, 940
19.13. Unmodifiable Collections, 940
19.14. Abstract Implementations, 941
19.15. Wrap-Up, 941
Summary, 942
Section 19.1 Introduction, 942
Section 19.2 Collections Overview, 942
Section 19.3 Class Arrays, 942
Section 19.4 Interface Collection and Class Collections, 942
Section 19.5 Lists, 942
Section 19.6 Collections Algorithms, 943
Section 19.7 Stack Class of Package java.util, 943
Section 19.8 Class PriorityQueue and Interface Queue, 943
Section 19.9 Sets, 944
Section 19.10 Maps, 944
Section 19.11 Properties Class, 944
Section 19.12 Synchronized Collections, 944
Section 19.13 Unmodifiable Collections, 944
Section 19.14 Abstract Implementations, 944
Terminology, 945
Self-Review Exercises, 946
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 946
Exercises, 947
20. Introduction to Java Applets, 949
20.1. Introduction, 950
20.2. Sample Applets Provided with the JDK, 950
TicTacToe Applet, 951
DrawTest Applet, 953
Java2D Applet, 954
20.3. Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String, 955
Creating the Applet Class, 957
Overriding Method paint for Drawing, 957
20.3.1. Executing an Applet in the appletviewer, 957
20.3.2. Executing an Applet in a Web Browser, 959
20.4. Applet Life-Cycle Methods, 960
20.5. Initializing an Instance Variable with Method init, 961
20.6. Sandbox Security Model, 963
20.7. Internet and Web Resources, 963
20.8. Wrap-Up, 964
Summary, 964
Section 20.1 Introduction, 964
Section 20.2 Sample Applets Provided with the JDK, 965
Section 20.3 Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String, 965
Section 20.4 Applet Life-Cycle Methods, 965
Terminology, 966
Self-Review Exercise, 966
Answers to Self-Review Exercise, 966
Exercises, 967
21. Multimedia: Applets and Applications, 968
21.1. Introduction, 969
21.2. Loading, Displaying and Scaling Images, 970
21.3. Animating a Series of Images, 973
21.4. Image Maps, 978
21.5. Loading and Playing Audio Clips, 981
21.6. Playing Video and Other Media with Java Media Framework, 984
Creating a Simple Media Player, 985
21.7. Wrap-Up, 989
21.8. Web Resources, 989
Java Multimedia API References, 989
Summary, 990
Section 21.2 Loading, Displaying and Scaling Images, 990
Section 21.3 Animating a Series of Images, 990
Section 21.4 Image Maps, 991
Section 21.5 Loading and Playing Audio Clips, 991
Section 21.6 Playing Video and Other Media with Java Media Framework, 991
Terminology, 991
Self-Review Exercises, 992
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 992
Exercises, 993
Special Section: Challenging Multimedia Projects, 993
22. GUI Components: Part 2, 996
22.1. Introduction, 997
22.2. JSlider, 997
22.3. Windows: Additional Notes, 1001
22.4. Using Menus with Frames, 1002
22.5. JPopupMenu, 1010
22.6. Pluggable Look-and-Feel, 1013
22.7. JDesktopPane and JInternalFrame, 1017
22.8. JTabbedPane, 1021
22.9. Layout Managers: BoxLayout and GridBagLayout, 1023
BoxLayout Layout Manager, 1024
GridBagLayout Layout Manager, 1027
GridBagConstraints Constants RELATIVE and REMAINDER, 1033
22.10. Wrap-Up, 1036
Summary, 1037
Section 22.2 JSlider, 1037
Section 22.3 Windows: Additional Notes, 1037
Section 22.4 Using Menus with Frames, 1037
Section 22.5 JPopupMenu, 1038
Section 22.6 Pluggable Look-and-Feel, 1038
Section 22.7 JDesktopPane and JInternalFrame, 1038
Section 22.8 JTabbedPane, 1038
Section 22.9 Layout Managers: BoxLayout and GridBagLayout, 1038
Terminology, 1038
Self-Review Exercises, 1040
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1040
Exercises, 1041
23. Multithreading, 1043
23.1. Introduction, 1044
23.2. Thread States: Life Cycle of a Thread, 1046
23.3. Thread Priorities and Thread Scheduling, 1048
23.4. Creating and Executing Threads, 1050
23.4.1. Runnables and the Thread Class, 1050
23.4.2. Thread Management with the Executor Framework, 1053
23.5. Thread Synchronization, 1054
23.5.1. Unsynchronized Data Sharing, 1055
23.5.2. Synchronized Data Sharing—Making Operations Atomic, 1060
23.6. Producer/Consumer Relationship without Synchronization, 1063
23.7. Producer/Consumer Relationship: ArrayBlockingQueue, 1070
23.8. Producer/Consumer Relationship with Synchronization, 1073
Methods wait, notify and notifyAll, 1073
Fields and Methods of Class SynchronizedBuffer, 1076
Method set and the Producer Thread, 1076
Method get and the Consumer Thread, 1076
Testing Class SynchronizedBuffer, 1077
23.9. Producer/Consumer Relationship: Bounded Buffers, 1079
Bounded Buffers, 1080
Bounded Buffers Using ArrayBlockingQueue, 1081
Implementing Your Own Bounded Buffer as a Circular Buffer, 1081
Testing Class CircularBuffer, 1084
23.10. Producer/Consumer Relationship: The Lock and Condition Interfaces, 1087
Interface Lock and Class ReentrantLock, 1087
Condition Objects and Interface Condition, 1087
Lock and Condition vs. the synchronized Keyword, 1088
Using Locks and Conditions to Implement Synchronization, 1089
23.11. Multithreading with GUI, 1093
Class SwingWorker, 1094
23.11.1. Performing Computations in a Worker Thread, 1095
23.11.2. Processing Intermediate Results with SwingWorker, 1100
23.12. Other Classes and Interfaces in java.util.concurrent, 1108
23.13. Wrap-Up, 1108
Summary, 1109
Section 23.1 Introduction, 1109
Section 23.2 Thread States: Life Cycle of a Thread, 1109
Section 23.3 Thread Priorities and Thread Scheduling, 1110
Section 23.4 Creating and Executing Threads, 1110
Section 23.5 Thread Synchronization, 1111
Section 23.6 Producer/Consumer Relationship Without Synchronization, 1112
Section 23.7 Producer/Consumer Relationship: ArrayBlockingQueue, 1112
Section 23.8 Producer/Consumer Relationship with Synchronization, 1113
Section 23.9 Producer/Consumer Relationship: Bounded Buffers, 1113
Section 23.10 Producer/Consumer Relationship: The Lock and Condition Interfaces, 1113
Section 23.11 Multithreading with GUI, 1114
Section 23.12 Other Classes and Interfaces in java.util.concurrent, 1115
Terminology, 1115
Self-Review Exercises, 1116
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1117
Exercises, 1117
24. Networking, 1119
24.1. Introduction, 1120
24.2. Manipulating URLs, 1121
24.3. Reading a File on a Web Server, 1126
24.4. Establishing a Simple Server Using Stream Sockets, 1130
24.5. Establishing a Simple Client Using Stream Sockets, 1131
24.6. Client/Server Interaction with Stream Socket Connections, 1132
Server Class, 1132
Client Class, 1138
24.7. Connectionless Client/Server Interaction with Datagrams, 1144
Server Class, 1144
Client Class, 1148
24.8. Client/Server Tic-Tac-Toe Using a Multithreaded Server, 1151
TicTacToeServer Class, 1151
TicTacToeClient Class, 1159
24.9. Security and the Network, 1166
24.10. [Web Bonus] Case Study: DeitelMessenger Server and Client, 1167
24.11. Wrap-Up, 1167
Summary, 1167
Section 24.1 Introduction, 1167
Section 24.2 Manipulating URLs, 1167
Section 24.3 Reading a File on a Web Server, 1168
Section 24.4 Establishing a Simple Server Using Stream Sockets, 1168
Section 24.5 Establishing a Simple Client Using Stream Sockets, 1168
Section 24.7 Connectionless Client/Server Interaction with Datagrams, 1168
Section 24.9 Security and the Network, 1169
Terminology, 1169
Self-Review Exercises, 1170
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1170
Exercises, 1171
25. Accessing Databases with JDBC, 1174
25.1. Introduction, 1175
25.2. Relational Databases, 1176
25.3. Relational Database Overview: The books Database, 1177
25.4. SQL, 1180
25.4.1. Basic SELECT Query, 1181
25.4.2. WHERE Clause, 1182
25.4.3. ORDER BY Clause, 1183
25.4.4. Merging Data from Multiple Tables: INNER JOIN, 1185
25.4.5. INSERT Statement, 1187
25.4.6. UPDATE Statement, 1188
25.4.7. DELETE Statement, 1189
25.5. Instructions for installing MySQL and MySQL Connector/J, 1189
Installing MySQL, 1189
Installing MySQL Connector/J, 1190
25.6. Instructions for Setting Up a MySQL User Account, 1190
25.7. Creating Database books in MySQL, 1191
25.8. Manipulating Databases with JDBC, 1192
25.8.1. Connecting to and Querying a Database, 1192
25.8.2. Querying the books Database, 1197
25.9. RowSet Interface, 1209
25.10. Java DB/Apache Derby, 1212
25.11. PreparedStatements, 1213
Address Book Application that Uses PreparedStatements, 1214
Class PersonQueries, 1216
Class AddressBookDisplay, 1220
25.12. Stored Procedures, 1229
25.13. Transaction Processing, 1229
25.14. Wrap-Up, 1230
25.15. Web Resources and Recommended Readings, 1230
Recommended Readings, 1231
Summary, 1232
Section 25.1 Introduction, 1232
Section 25.2 Relational Databases, 1232
Section 25.4.1 Basic SELECT Query, 1233
Section 25.4.2 WHERE Clause, 1233
Section 25.4.3 ORDER BY Clause, 1233
Section 25.4.4 Merging Data from Multiple Tables: INNER JOIN, 1233
Section 25.4.5 INSERT Statement, 1234
Section 25.4.6 UPDATE Statement, 1234
Section 25.4.7 DELETE Statement, 1234
Section 25.8.1 Connecting to and Querying a Database, 1234
Section 25.8.2 Querying the books Database, 1235
Section 25.9 RowSet Interface, 1235
Section 25.10 Java DB/Apache Derby, 1236
Section 25.11 PreparedStatements, 1236
Section 25.12 Stored Procedures, 1236
Section 25.13 Transaction Processing, 1236
Terminology, 1237
Self-Review Exercise, 1238
Answers to Self-Review Exercise, 1238
Exercises, 1238
26. Web Applications: Part 1, 1241
26.1. Introduction, 1242
26.2. Simple HTTP Transactions, 1243
26.3. Multitier Application Architecture, 1245
26.4. Java Web Technologies, 1246
26.4.1. Servlets, 1247
26.4.2. JavaServer Pages, 1247
26.4.3. JavaServer Faces, 1248
26.4.4. Web Technologies in Java Studio Creator 2, 1249
26.5. Creating and Running a Simple Application in Java Studio Creator 2, 1249
26.5.1. Examining a JSP File, 1251
26.5.2. Examining a Page Bean File, 1252
26.5.3. Event-Processing Life Cycle, 1256
26.5.4. Relationship Between the JSP and Page Bean Files, 1257
26.5.5. Examining the XHTML Generated by a Java Web Application, 1257
26.5.6. Building a Web Application in Java Studio Creator 2, 1259
26.6. JSF Components, 1266
26.6.1. Text and Graphics Components, 1267
26.6.2. Validation Using Validator Components and Custom Validators, 1271
26.7. Session Tracking, 1281
Personalization, 1281
Privacy, 1281
Recognizing Clients, 1282
26.7.1. Cookies, 1282
26.7.2. Session Tracking with the SessionBean Object, 1296
Page Bean That Creates Book Recommendations from a SessionBean Property, 1307
26.8. Wrap-Up, 1309
26.9. Web Resources, 1310
Summary, 1311
Section 26.1 Introduction, 1311
Section 26.2 Simple HTTP Transactions, 1311
Section 26.3 Multitier Application Architecture, 1311
Section 26.4 Java Web Technologies, 1312
Section 26.4.1 Servlets, 1312
Section 26.4.2 JavaServer Pages, 1312
Section 26.4.3 JavaServer Faces, 1313
Section 26.4.4 Web Technologies in Java Studio Creator 2, 1313
Section 26.5.1 Examining a JSP File, 1314
Section 26.5.2 Examining a Page Bean File, 1314
Section 26.5.3 Event-Processing Life Cycle, 1314
Section 26.5.4 Relationship Between the JSP and Page Bean Files, 1315
Section 26.5.5 Examining the XHTML Generated by a Java Web Application, 1315
Section 26.5.6 Building a Web Application in Java Studio Creator 2, 1316
Section 26.6.2 Validation Using Validator Components and Custom Validators, 1317
Section 26.7 Session Tracking, 1317
Section 26.7.1 Cookies, 1318
Section 26.7.2 Session Tracking with the SessionBean Object, 1318
Terminology, 1319
Self-Review Exercises, 1320
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1320
Exercises, 1321
27. Web Applications: Part 2, 1322
27.1. Introduction, 1323
27.2. Accessing Databases in Web Applications, 1324
27.2.1. Building a Web Application That Displays Data from a Database, 1324
27.2.2. Modifying the Page Bean File for the AddressBook Application, 1333
27.3. Ajax-Enabled JSF Components, 1336
27.3.1. Java BluePrints Component Library, 1337
27.4. AutoComplete Text Field and Virtual Forms, 1338
Adding Search Components to the AddressBook.jsp Page, 1338
27.4.1. Configuring Virtual Forms, 1338
27.4.2. JSP File with Virtual Forms and an AutoComplete Text Field, 1340
27.4.3. Providing Suggestions for an AutoComplete Text Field, 1344
27.5. Google Maps Map Viewer Component, 1347
27.5.1. Obtaining a Google Maps API Key, 1347
27.5.2. Adding a Map Viewer Component to a Page, 1348
27.5.3. JSP File with a Map Viewer Component, 1349
27.5.4. Page Bean that Displays a Map in the Map Viewer Component, 1354
27.6. Wrap-Up, 1359
27.7. Web Resources, 1359
Summary, 1360
Section 27.2 Accessing Databases in Web Applications, 1360
Section 27.3 Ajax-Enabled JSF Components, 1361
Section 27.4 AutoComplete Text Field and Virtual Forms, 1361
Section 27.5 Google Maps Map Viewer Component, 1362
Terminology, 1362
Self-Review Exercises, 1363
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1363
Exercises, 1364
28. JAX-WS Web Services, Web 2.0 and Mash-Ups, 1365
28.1. Introduction, 1366
Netbeans 5.5 and Sun Java Studio Creator 2, 1367
28.1.1. Downloading, Installing and Configuring Netbeans 5.5 and the Sun Java System Application Server, 1368
28.1.2. Web Services Resource Center and Java Resource Centers at www.deitel.com, 1368
28.2. Java Web Services Basics, 1369
28.3. Creating, Publishing, Testing and Describing a Web Service, 1369
28.3.1. Creating a Web Application Project and Adding a Web Service Class in Netbeans, 1370
28.3.2. Defining the HugeInteger Web Service in Netbeans, 1371
28.3.3. Publishing the HugeInteger Web Service from Netbeans, 1375
28.3.4. Testing the HugeInteger Web Service with Sun Java System Application Server’s Tester Web page, 1376
28.3.5. Describing a Web Service with the Web Service Description Language (WSDL), 1379
28.4. Consuming a Web Service, 1379
28.4.1. Creating a Client in Netbeans to Consume the HugeInteger Web Service, 1380
28.4.2. Consuming the HugeInteger Web Service, 1383
28.5. SOAP, 1389
28.6. Session Tracking in Web Services, 1391
28.6.1. Creating a Blackjack Web Service, 1392
28.6.2. Consuming the Blackjack Web Service, 1396
28.7. Consuming a Database-Driven Web Service from a Web Application, 1407
28.7.1. Configuring Java DB in Netbeans and Creating the Reservation Database, 1407
28.7.2. Creating a Web Application to Interact with the Reservation Web Service, 1411
28.8. Passing an Object of a User-Defined Type to a Web Service, 1416
Serialization of User-Defined Types, 1417
Requirements for User-Defined Types Used with Web Methods, 1417
Defining Class Equation, 1417
Creating the EquationGenerator Web Service, 1420
Testing the EquationGenerator Web Service, 1421
Details of the EquationGenerator Web Service, 1421
Consuming the EquationGenerator Web Service, 1423
28.9. Wrap-Up, 1427
28.10. Web Resources, 1427
REST-Based Web Services, 1428
Summary, 1428
Section 28.1 Introduction, 1428
Section 28.2 Java Web Services Basics, 1429
Section 28.4 Consuming a Web Service, 1430
Section 28.5 SOAP, 1431
Section 28.6 Session Tracking in Web Services, 1431
Section 28.8 Passing an Object of a User-Defined Type to a Web Service, 1432
Terminology, 1433
Self-Review Exercises, 1433
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1434
Exercises, 1434
29. Formatted Output, 1436
29.1. Introduction, 1437
29.2. Streams, 1437
29.3. Formatting Output with printf, 1438
29.4. Printing Integers, 1438
29.5. Printing Floating-Point Numbers, 1439
29.6. Printing Strings and Characters, 1441
29.7. Printing Dates and Times, 1442
29.8. Other Conversion Characters, 1445
29.9. Printing with Field Widths and Precisions, 1447
29.10. Using Flags in the printf Format String, 1449
29.11. Printing with Argument Indices, 1452
29.12. Printing Literals and Escape Sequences, 1453
29.13. Formatting Output with Class Formatter, 1454
29.14. Wrap-Up, 1455
Summary, 1455
Section 29.2 Streams, 1455
Section 29.3 Formatting Output with printf, 1455
Section 29.4 Printing Integers, 1455
Section 29.5 Printing Floating-Point Numbers, 1455
Section 29.6 Printing Strings and Characters, 1455
Section 29.7 Printing Dates and Times, 1455
Section 29.8 Other Conversion Characters, 1456
Section 29.9 Printing with Field Widths and Precisions, 1456
Section 29.10 Using Flags in the printf Format String, 1456
Section 29.11 Printing with Argument Indices, 1456
Section 29.13 Formatting Output with Class Formatter, 1456
Terminology, 1457
Self-Review Exercises, 1457
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1458
Exercises, 1459
30. Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions, 1461
30.1. Introduction, 1462
30.2. Fundamentals of Characters and Strings, 1463
30.3. Class String, 1463
30.3.1. String Constructors, 1463
30.3.2. String Methods length, charAt and getChars, 1464
30.3.3. Comparing Strings, 1466
30.3.4. Locating Characters and Substrings in Strings, 1470
30.3.5. Extracting Substrings from Strings, 1472
30.3.6. Concatenating Strings, 1473
30.3.7. Miscellaneous String Methods, 1473
30.3.8. String Method valueOf, 1475
30.4. Class StringBuilder, 1476
30.4.1. StringBuilder Constructors, 1477
30.4.2. StringBuilder Methods length, capacity, setLength and ensureCapacity, 1478
30.4.3. StringBuilder Methods charAt, setCharAt, getChars and reverse, 1479
30.4.4. StringBuilder append Methods, 1480
30.4.5. StringBuilder Insertion and Deletion Methods, 1482
30.5. Class Character, 1483
30.6. Class StringTokenizer, 1488
30.7. Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class Matcher, 1489
Quantifiers, 1494
Replacing Substrings and Splitting Strings, 1494
Classes Pattern and Matcher, 1496
Regular Expression Web Resources, 1498
30.8. Wrap-Up, 1498
Summary, 1498
Section 30.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings, 1498
Section 30.3 Class String, 1498
Section 30.4 Class StringBuilder, 1499
Section 30.5 Class Character, 1500
Section 30.6 Class StringTokenizer, 1500
Section 30.7 Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class Matcher, 1500
Terminology, 1502
Self-Review Exercises, 1503
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1503
Exercises, 1503
Special Section: Advanced String-Manipulation Exercises, 1504
Special Section: Challenging String-Manipulation Projects, 1508
A. Operator Precedence Chart, 1509
A.1. Operator Precedence, 1509
B. ASCII Character Set, 1511
C. Keywords and Reserved Words, 1512
D. Primitive Types, 1513
E. Number Systems, 1514
E.1. Introduction, 1515
E.2. Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers, 1518
E.3. Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers, 1519
E.4. Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal, 1519
E.5. Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal, 1520
E.6. Negative Binary Numbers: Two’s Complement Notation, 1522
Summary, 1523
Terminology, 1524
Self-Review Exercises, 1524
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1525
Exercises, 1526
F. GroupLayout, 1527
F.1. Introduction, 1527
F.2. GroupLayout Basics, 1527
Sequential and Parallel Arrangements, 1527
Groups and Alignment, 1528
Spacing, 1528
Sizing Components, 1528
F.3. Building a ColorChooser, 1528
Create a New Project, 1529
Add a New Subclass of JFrame to the Project, 1529
Build the GUI, 1530
Editing the Source Code and Adding Event Handlers, 1531
F.4. GroupLayout Web Resources, 1538
G. Java Desktop Integration Components (JDIC), 1540
G.1. Introduction, 1540
G.2. Splash Screens, 1540
G.3. Desktop Class, 1542
G.4. Tray Icons, 1545
G.5. JDIC Incubator Projects, 1545
G.6. JDIC Demos, 1545
H. Mashups, 1546
Introduction, 1546
Popular Mashups, 1546
APIs Commonly Used in Mashups, 1547
Deitel Mashups Research Center, 1548
Deitel RSS Resource Center, 1549
Mashup Performance and Reliability Issues, 1549
Mashup Tutorials, 1549
Mashup Directories, 1550
Mashup Resources, 1550
Mashup Tools and Downloads, 1550
Mashup Articles, 1551
Mashups in the Blogosphere, 1552
Mashup FAQs and Newsgroups, 1552
I. Unicode^®, AI
I.1. Introduction, AI
I.2. Unicode Transformation Formats, AII
I.3. Characters and Glyphs, AIII
I.4. Advantages/Disadvantages of Unicode, AIV
I.5. Unicode Consortium’s Web Site, AIV
I.6. Using Unicode, AV
I.7. Character Ranges, AVII
Self-Review Exercises, AVIII
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, AIX
Exercises, AIX
J. Using the Java API Documentation, AX
J.1. Introduction, AX
J.2 Navigating the Java API, AXI
Frames in the API Documentation’s index.html Page, AXII
Important Links in the index.html Page, AXII
Viewing the Index Page, AXII
Viewing a Specific Package, AXII
Viewing the Details of a Class, AXIII
Summary Sections in a Class’s Documentation Page, AXIV
Detail Sections in a Class’s Documentation Page, AXVI
K. Creating Documentation with javadoc, AXIX
K.1. Introduction, AXIX
K.2. Documentation Comments, AXIX
K.3. Documenting Java Source Code, AXX
K.4. javadoc, AXXVII
K.5. Files Produced by javadoc, AXXVIII
L. Bit Manipulation, AXXXI
L.1. Introduction, AXXXI
L.2. Bit Manipulation and the Bitwise Operators, AXXXI
L.3. BitSet Class, AXLI
Self-Review Exercises, AXLIV
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, AXLIV
Exercises, AXLIV
M. ATM Case Study Code, AXLV
M.1. ATM Case Study Implementation, AXLV
M.2. Class ATM, AXLVI
M.3. Class Screen, ALI
M.4. Class Keypad, ALII
M.5. Class CashDispenser, ALIII
M.6. Class DepositSlot, ALIV
M.7. Class Account, ALV
M.8. Class BankDatabase, ALVII
M.9. Class Transaction, ALX
M.10. Class BalanceInquiry, ALXI
M.11. Class Withdrawal, ALXI
M.12. Class Deposit, ALXVI
M.13. Class ATMCaseStudy, ALXIX
M.14. Wrap-Up, ALXIX
N. Labeled break and continue Statements, ALXX
N.1. Introduction, ALXX
N.2. Labeled break Statement, ALXX
N.3. Labeled continue Statement, ALXXI
O. UML 2:Additional Diagram Types, ALXXIII
O.1. Introduction, ALXXIII
O.2. Additional Diagram Types, ALXXIII
P. Design Patterns, ALXXV
P.1. Introduction, ALXXV
History of Object-Oriented Design Patterns, ALXXVI
P.2. Creational, Structural and Behavioral Design Patterns, ALXXVI
P.2.1. Creational Design Patterns, ALXXVII
P.2.2. Structural Design Patterns, ALXXVIII
P.2.3. Behavioral Design Patterns, ALXXX
P.2.4. Conclusion, ALXXXI
P.3. Design Patterns in Packages java.awt and javax.swing, ALXXXII
P.3.1. Creational Design Patterns, ALXXXII
P.3.2. Structural Design Patterns, ALXXXII
P.3.3. Behavioral Design Patterns, ALXXXIV
P.3.4. Conclusion, ALXXXVIII
P.4. Concurrency Design Patterns, ALXXXVIII
Concurrency Design Patterns, ALXXXVIII
P.5. Design Patterns Used in Packages java.io and java.net, ALXXXIX
P.5.1. Creational Design Patterns, ALXXXIX
P.5.2. Structural Design Patterns, AXC
P.5.3. Architectural Patterns, AXCI
P.5.4. Conclusion, AXCIII
P.6. Design Patterns Used in Package java.util, AXCIII
P.6.1. Creational Design Patterns, AXCIII
P.6.2. Behavioral Design Patterns, AXCIV
P.7. Wrap-Up, AXCIV
P.8. Web Resources, AXCV
Design Patterns, AXCV
Design Patterns in Java, AXCV
Architectural Patterns, AXCVI
Q. Using the Debugger, AXCVII
Q.1. Introduction, AXCVIII
Q.2. Breakpoints and the run, stop cont and print Commands, AXCVIII
Q.3. The print and set Commands, ACII
Q.4. Controlling Execution Using the step, step up and next Commands, ACIV
Q.5. The watch Command, ACVII
Q.6. The clear Command, ACIX
Q.7. Wrap-Up, ACXII
Self-Review Exercises, ACXII
Answers to Self-Review Exercises, ACXIII
Index, 1553

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