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Java™ How to Program, Seventh Edition

by P. J. Deitel - Deitel & Associates, Inc.; H. M. Deitel - Deitel & Associates, Inc.

Publisher: Prentice Hall

Copyright Year: 2007

Publishing Date: 2006/12/27

eText ISBN-10: 0-13-158028-0

eText ISBN-13: 978-0-13-158028-2

Print ISBN-10: 0-13-222220-5

Print ISBN-13: 978-0-13-222220-4

Course: Computer Science

Pages: 1500

eTextbook $63.50

(180 day subscription)

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Table of Contents | Description

Instructor Resources | Student Resources

ABOUT THIS TITLE - TABLE OF CONTENTS

Deitel® Series Page, ii

How To Program Series, ii

Simply Series, ii

SafariX Web Books, iii

Dedication, vii

Deitel Resource Centers, viii

New and Updated Features, xxv

Capabilities introduced in Java How to Program, Sixth Edition include:, xxvii

Dependency Chart, xxviii

Teaching Approach, xxx

Student Resources Included with Java How to Program, 7/e, xxxii

Java Multimedia Cyber Classroom, 7/e, xxxii

Instructor Resources for Java How to Program, 7/e, xxxiii

Computer Science AP Courses, xxxiii

Deitel® Buzz Online Free E-mail Newsletter, xxxiii

What’s New at Deitel, xxxiii

Acknowledgments, xxxiv

About the Authors, xxxvi

About Deitel & Associates, Inc., xxxvii

Before You Begin, xxxviii

Font and Naming Conventions, xxxviii

Java Standard Edition Development Kit (JDK) 6, xxxviii

Software and Hardware System Requirements, xxxviii

Using the CDs, xxxviii

Copying the Book Examples from the CD, xxxix

Changing the Read-Only Property of Files, xl

Installing the Java Standard Edition Development Kit (JDK), xlii

Setting the PATH Environment Variable, xlii

Setting the CLASSPATH Environment Variable, xliv

1. Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the Web, 1

1.1. Introduction, 2

Fundamentals, 2

Java Standard Edition 6 (Java SE 6) and the Java Development Kit 6 (JDK 6), 3

Evolution of Computing and Programming, 3

Language of Choice for Networked Applications, 3

Staying in Touch with Us, 3

1.2. What Is a Computer?, 4

1.3. Computer Organization, 4

1.4. Early Operating Systems, 5

1.5. Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing, 6

1.6. The Internet and the World Wide Web, 6

1.7. Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages, 7

1.8. History of C and C++, 8

1.9. History of Java, 9

1.10. Java Class Libraries, 9

1.11. Fortran, COBOL, Pascal and Ada, 10

1.12. BASIC, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C# and .NET, 11

1.13. Typical Java Development Environment, 11

Phase 1: Creating a Program, 13

Phase 2: Compiling a Java Program into Bytecodes, 13

Phase 3: Loading a Program into Memory, 14

Phase 4: Bytecode Verification, 14

Phase 5: Execution, 14

Problems That May Occur at Execution Time, 14

1.14. Notes about Java and Java How to Program, 7/e, 15

1.15. Test-Driving a Java Application, 16

Additional Applications Found in Java How to Program, 7/e, 20

1.16. Software Engineering Case Study: Introduction to Object Technology and the UML, 20

Basic Object Technology Concepts, 21

Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), 22

History of the UML, 23

What Is the UML?, 24

Web UML Resources, 24

Recommended Readings, 24

Section 1.16 Self-Review Exercises, 24

Answers to Section 1.16 Self-Review Exercises, 25

1.17. Web 2.0, 25

1.18. Software Technologies, 26

1.19. Wrap-Up, 27

1.20. Web Resources, 28

Deitel & Associates Websites, 28

Deitel Java Resource Centers, 28

Sun Microsystems Websites, 28

Editors and Integrated Development Environments, 29

Additional Java Resource Sites, 29

Section 1.1 Introduction, 30

Section 1.2 What Is a Computer?, 30

Section 1.3 Computer Organization, 30

Section 1.4 Early Operating Systems, 31

Section 1.5 Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing, 31

Section 1.6 The Internet and the World Wide Web, 31

Section 1.7 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages, 31

Section 1.8 History of C and C++, 31

Section 1.9 History of Java, 32

Section 1.10 Java Class Libraries, 32

Section 1.11 Fortran, COBOL, Pascal and Ada, 32

Section 1.12 BASIC, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C# and .NET, 32

Section 1.13 Typical Java Development Environment, 32

Section 1.16 Software Engineering Case Study: Introduction to Object Technology and the UML (Required), 33

Terminology, 33

Self-Review Exercises, 34

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 35

2. Introduction to Java Applications, 37

2.1. Introduction, 38

2.2. A First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text, 38

Compiling and Executing Your First Java Application, 43

2.3. Modifying Our First Java Program, 45

Displaying a Single Line of Text with Multiple Statements, 45

Displaying Multiple Lines of Text with a Single Statement, 46

2.4. Displaying Text with printf, 48

2.5. Another Java Application: Adding Integers, 49

Java API Documentation, 53

2.6. Memory Concepts, 54

2.7. Arithmetic, 55

Arithmetic Expressions in Straight-Line Form, 55

Parentheses for Grouping Subexpressions, 55

Rules of Operator Precedence, 56

Sample Algebraic and Java Expressions, 56

Evaluation of a Second-Degree Polynomial, 57

2.8. Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators, 58

2.9. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Examining the Requirements Document, 63

Requirements Document, 63

Analyzing the ATM System, 67

Use Case Diagrams, 68

Designing the ATM System, 69

Internet and Web Resources, 70

Recommended Readings, 71

Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 72

Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 72

2.10. Wrap-Up, 73

Section 2.2 A First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text, 73

Section 2.3 Modifying Our First Java Program, 74

Section 2.4 Displaying Text with printf, 74

Section 2.5 Another Java Application: Adding Integers, 74

Section 2.6 Memory Concepts, 75

Section 2.7 Arithmetic, 75

Section 2.8 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators, 76

Terminology, 76

Self-Review Exercises, 77

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 78

3. Introduction to Classes and Objects, 84

3.1. Introduction, 85

3.2. Classes, Objects, Methods and Instance Variables, 85

3.3. Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class, 87

Class GradeBook, 87

Class GradeBookTest, 88

Compiling an Application with Multiple Classes, 90

UML Class Diagram for Class GradeBook, 90

3.4. Declaring a Method with a Parameter, 91

More on Arguments and Parameters, 93

Updated UML Class Diagram for Class GradeBook, 93

Notes on import Declarations, 94

3.5. Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods, 94

GradeBook Class with an Instance Variable, a set Method and a get Method, 95

Access Modifiers public and private, 96

GradeBookTest Class That Demonstrates Class GradeBook, 97

set and get Methods, 98

UML Class Diagram for class GradeBook with an Instance Variable and set and get Methods, 99

3.6. Primitive Types vs. Reference Types, 99

3.7. Initializing Objects with Constructors, 100

Adding the Constructor to Class GradeBook’s UML Class Diagram, 103

3.8. Floating-Point Numbers and Type double, 103

Floating-Point Number Precision and Memory Requirements, 103

Account Class with an Instance Variable of Type double, 104

AccountTest Class to Use Class Account, 105

UML Class Diagram for Class Account, 107

3.9. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Using Dialog Boxes, 108

Displaying Text in a Dialog Box, 109

Entering Text in a Dialog Box, 110

GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise, 111

3.10. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying the Classes in a Requirements Document, 111

Identifying the Classes in a System, 111

Modeling Classes, 113

Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 117

Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 117

3.11. Wrap-Up, 119

Section 3.2 Classes, Objects, Methods and Instance Variables, 119

Section 3.3 Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class, 119

Section 3.4 Declaring a Method with a Parameter, 120

Section 3.5 Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods, 121

Section 3.6 Primitive Types vs. Reference Types, 121

Section 3.7 Initializing Objects with Constructors, 122

Section 3.8 Floating-Point Numbers and Type double, 122

Terminology, 122

Self-Review Exercises, 123

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 124

4. Control Statements: Part 1, 127

4.1. Introduction, 128

4.2. Algorithms, 128

4.3. Pseudocode, 129

4.4. Control Structures, 129

Sequence Structure in Java, 130

Selection Statements in Java, 131

Repetition Statements in Java, 131

Summary of Control Statements in Java, 132

4.5. if Single-Selection Statement, 132

4.6. if...else Double-Selection Statement, 133

Conditional Operator (?:), 134

Nested if...else Statements, 135

Dangling-else Problem, 136

4.7. while Repetition Statement, 138

4.8. Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetition, 139

Pseudocode Algorithm with Counter-Controlled Repetition, 139

Implementing Counter-Controlled Repetition in Class GradeBook, 140

Class GradeBookTest, 143

Notes on Integer Division and Truncation, 143

4.9. Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition, 144

Developing the Pseudocode Algorithm with Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: The Top and First Refinement, 145

Prosceeding to the Second Refinement, 145

Implementing Sentinel-Controlled Repetition in Class GradeBook, 147

Program Logic for Sentinel-Controlled Repetition vs. Counter-Controlled Repetition, 149

Explicitly and Implicitly Converting Between Primitive Types, 150

4.10. Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements, 152

Complete Second Refinement of Pseudocode and Conversion to Class Analysis, 154

AnalysisTest Class That Demonstrates Class Analysis, 156

4.11. Compound Assignment Operators, 157

4.12. Increment and Decrement Operators, 158

4.13. Primitive Types, 161

4.14. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Creating Simple Drawings, 161

GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercises, 164

4.15. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Attributes, 166

Identifying Attributes, 166

Modeling Attributes, 168

Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 170

Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 170

4.16. Wrap-Up, 170

Section 4.1 Introduction, 171

Section 4.2 Algorithms, 171

Section 4.3 Pseudocode, 171

Section 4.4 Control Structures, 171

Section 4.5 if Single-Selection Statement, 172

Section 4.6 if...else Double-Selection Statement, 173

Section 4.7 while Repetition Statement, 173

Section 4.8 Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetition, 173

Section 4.9 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition, 174

Section 4.11 Compound Assignment Operators, 174

Section 4.12 Increment and Decrement Operators, 174

Section 4.13 Primitive Types, 175

Section 4.14 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Creating Simple Drawings, 175

Terminology, 176

Self-Review Exercises, 177

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 179

5. Control Statements: Part 2, 186

5.1. Introduction, 187

5.2. Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition, 187

5.3. for Repetition Statement, 189

5.4. Examples Using the for Statement, 193

Application: Summing the Even Integers from 2 to 20, 194

Application: Compound-Interest Calculations, 195

5.5. do...while Repetition Statement, 198

5.6. switch Multiple-Selection Statement, 199

GradeBook Class with switch Statement to Count A, B, C, D and F Grades, 200

GradeBookTest Class That Demonstrates Class GradeBook, 204

switch Statement UML Activity Diagram, 206

5.7. break and continue Statements, 207

break Statement, 207

continue Statement, 208

5.8. Logical Operators, 209

Conditional AND (&&) Operator, 209

Conditional OR (||) Operator, 210

Short-Circuit Evaluation of Complex Conditions, 211

Boolean Logical AND (&) and Boolean Logical Inclusive OR (|) Operators, 211

Boolean Logical Exclusive OR (^), 212

Logical Negation (!) Operator, 212

Logical Operators Example, 213

5.9. Structured Programming Summary, 215

5.10. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Rectangles and Ovals, 220

GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercises, 223

5.11. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Objects’ States and Activities, 223

State Machine Diagrams, 223

Activity Diagrams, 224

Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 227

Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 227

5.12. Wrap-Up, 227

Section 5.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition, 228

Section 5.3 for Repetition Statement, 229

Section 5.4 Examples Using the for Statement, 229

Section 5.5 do...while Repetition Statement, 230

Section 5.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement, 230

Section 5.7 break and continue Statements, 231

Section 5.8 Logical Operators, 231

Section 5.10 (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Rectangles and Ovals, 232

Terminology, 232

Self-Review Exercises, 233

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 234

6. Methods: A Deeper Look, 239

6.1. Introduction, 240

6.2. Program Modules in Java, 241

6.3. static Methods, static Fields and Class Math, 242

Math Class Constants PI and E, 244

Why Is Method main Declared static?, 244

Additional Comments about Method main, 245

6.4. Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters, 245

Implementing Method maximum by Reusing Method Math.max, 248

Assembling Strings with String Concatenation, 248

6.5. Notes on Declaring and Using Methods, 249

6.6. Method-Call Stack and Activation Records, 250

6.7. Argument Promotion and Casting, 251

6.8. Java API Packages, 252

6.9. Case Study: Random-Number Generation, 254

Rolling a Six-Sided Die, 255

Rolling a Six-Sided Die 6000 Times, 256

6.9.1. Generalized Scaling and Shifting of Random Numbers, 258

6.9.2. Random-Number Repeatability for Testing and Debugging, 259

6.10. Case Study: A Game of Chance (Introducing Enumerations), 260

6.11. Scope of Declarations, 264

6.12. Method Overloading, 267

Declaring Overloaded Methods, 267

Distinguishing Between Overloaded Methods, 269

Return Types of Overloaded Methods, 269

6.13. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Colors and Filled Shapes, 270

GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercises, 272

6.14. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Operations, 273

Identifying Operations, 274

Modeling Operations, 274

Identifying and Modeling Operation Parameters, 278

Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 280

Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 280

6.15. Wrap-Up, 280

Section 6.1 Introduction, 281

Section 6.2 Program Modules in Java, 281

Section 6.3 static Methods, static Fields and Class Math, 281

Section 6.4 Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters, 282

Section 6.5 Notes on Declaring and Using Methods, 282

Section 6.6 Method-Call Stack and Activation Records, 283

Section 6.7 Argument Promotion and Casting, 283

Section 6.9 Case Study: Random-Number Generation, 283

Section 6.10 Case Study: A Game of Chance (Introducing Enumerations), 284

Section 6.11 Scope of Declarations, 284

Section 6.12 Method Overloading, 284

Terminology, 284

Self-Review Exercises, 285

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 287

7.1. Introduction, 296

7.2. Arrays, 296

7.3. Declaring and Creating Arrays, 298

7.4. Examples Using Arrays, 299

Creating and Initializing an Array, 299

Using an Array Initializer, 300

Calculating the Values to Store in an Array, 301

Summing the Elements of an Array, 303

Using Bar Charts to Display Array Data Graphically, 303

Using the Elements of an Array as Counters, 305

Using Arrays to Analyze Survey Results, 306

7.5. Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation, 308

Class Card, 308

Class DeckOfCards, 308

Shuffling and Dealing Cards, 311

7.6. Enhanced for Statement, 312

7.7. Passing Arrays to Methods, 313

Notes on Passing Arguments to Methods, 316

7.8. Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades, 317

Storing Student Grades in an Array in Class GradeBook, 317

Class GradeBookTest That Demonstrates Class GradeBook, 321

7.9. Multidimensional Arrays, 322

Arrays of One-Dimensional Arrays, 323

Two-Dimensional Arrays with Rows of Different Lengths, 323

Creating Two-Dimensional Arrays with Array-Creation Expressions, 324

Two-Dimensional Array Example: Displaying Element Values, 324

Common Multidimensional-Array Manipulations Performed with for Statements, 325

7.10. Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional Array, 326

Storing Student Grades in a Two-Dimensional Array in Class GradeBook, 326

Class GradeBookTest That Demonstrates Class GradeBook, 331

7.11. Variable-Length Argument Lists, 332

7.12. Using Command-Line Arguments, 333

7.13. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing Arcs, 335

GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise, 338

7.14. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Collaboration Among Objects, 338

Identifying the Collaborations in a System, 339

Interaction Diagrams, 341

Communication Diagrams, 341

Sequence of Messages in a Communication Diagram, 342

Sequence Diagrams, 343

Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 345

Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 345

7.15. Wrap-Up, 346

Section 7.1, Introduction, 347

Section 7.2, Arrays, 347

Section 7.3, Declaring and Creating Arrays, 347

Section 7.4, Examples Using Arrays, 348

Section 7.6, Enhanced for Statement, 348

Section 7.7, Passing Arrays to Methods, 348

Section 7.9, Multidimensional Arrays, 348

Section 7.11, Variable-Length Argument Lists, 349

Section 7.12, Using Command-Line Arguments, 349

Terminology, 349

Self-Review Exercises, 350

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 351

Exercises 7.30—7.33 are reasonably challenging. Once you have done these problems, you ought to be able to implement most popular card games easily, 360

Special Section: Building Your Own Computer, 361

8. Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look, 368

8.1. Introduction, 369

8.2. Time Class Case Study, 370

Time1 Class Declaration, 370

Using Class Time1, 372

Notes on the Time1 Class Declaration, 373

8.3. Controlling Access to Members, 374

8.4. Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference, 375

8.5. Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors, 377

Class Time2 with Overloaded Constructors, 377

Class Time2’s Constructors, 379

Notes Regarding Class Time2’s Set and Get Methods and Constructors, 380

Using Class Time2’s Overloaded Constructors, 381

8.6. Default and No-Argument Constructors, 382

8.7. Notes on Set and Get Methods, 383

Set and Get Methods vs. public Data, 383

Validity Checking in Set Methods, 384

Predicate Methods, 384

Using Set and Get Methods to Create a Class That Is Easier to Debug and Maintain, 384

8.8. Composition, 384

8.9. Enumerations, 387

8.10. Garbage Collection and Method finalize, 390

8.11. static Class Members, 391

8.12. static Import, 396

8.13. final Instance Variables, 397

8.14. Software Reusability, 399

8.15. Data Abstraction and Encapsulation, 400

8.16. Time Class Case Study: Creating Packages, 402

Steps for Declaring a Reusable Class, 402

Steps 1 and 2: Creating a public Class and Adding the package Statement, 402

Step 3: Compiling the Packaged Class, 404

Step 4: Importing the Reusable Class, 404

Specifying the Classpath During Compilation, 406

Specifying the Classpath When Executing an Application, 407

8.17. Package Access, 407

8.18. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Using Objects with Graphics, 409

GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise, 412

8.19. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System, 412

Visibility, 412

Navigability, 413

Implementing the ATM System from Its UML Design, 414

Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 417

Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 417

8.20. Wrap-Up, 418

Section 8.2 Time Class Case Study, 418

Section 8.4 Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference, 419

Section 8.5 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors, 419

Section 8.6 Default and No-Argument Constructors, 419

Section 8.7 Notes on Set and Get Methods, 419

Section 8.8 Composition, 419

Section 8.9 Enumerations, 419

Section 8.10 Garbage Collection and Method finalize, 420

Section 8.11 static Class Members, 420

Section 8.12 static Import, 420

Section 8.13 final Instance Variables, 420

Section 8.14 Software Reusability, 420

Section 8.15 Data Abstraction and Encapsulation, 420

Section 8.16 Time Class Case Study: Creating Packages, 421

Section 8.17 Package Access, 421

Terminology, 421

Self-Review Exercise, 422

Answers to Self-Review Exercise, 423

9. Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance, 427

9.1. Introduction, 428

9.2. Superclasses and Subclasses, 429

9.3. protected Members, 431

9.4. Relationship between Superclasses and Subclasses, 432

9.4.1. Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class, 433

9.4.2. Creating a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class without Using Inheritance, 437

9.4.3. Creating a CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy, 442

9.4.4. CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using protected Instance Variables, 445

9.4.5. CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using private Instance Variables, 451

9.5. Constructors in Subclasses, 456

9.6. Software Engineering with Inheritance, 462

9.7. Object Class, 463

9.8. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Displaying Text and Images Using Labels, 465

GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise, 467

9.9. Wrap-Up, 467

Section 9.1 Introduction, 468

Section 9.2 Superclasses and Subclasses, 468

Section 9.3 protected Members, 468

Section 9.4 Relationship between Superclasses and Subclasses, 468

Section 9.5 Constructors in Subclasses, 468

Section 9.6 Software Engineering with Inheritance, 469

Terminology, 469

Self-Review Exercises, 469

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 470

10. Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism, 471

10.1. Introduction, 472

10.2. Polymorphism Examples, 474

10.3. Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior, 475

10.4. Abstract Classes and Methods, 478

10.5. Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism, 480

10.5.1. Creating Abstract Superclass Employee, 481

10.5.2. Creating Concrete Subclass SalariedEmployee, 484

10.5.3. Creating Concrete Subclass HourlyEmployee, 485

10.5.4. Creating Concrete Subclass CommissionEmployee, 487

10.5.5. Creating Indirect Concrete Subclass BasePlusCommissionEmployee, 488

10.5.6. Demonstrating Polymorphic Processing, Operator instanceof and Downcasting, 490

10.5.7. Summary of the Allowed Assignments Between Superclass and Subclass Variables, 495

10.6. final Methods and Classes, 495

10.7. Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces, 496

10.7.1. Developing a Payable Hierarchy, 497

10.7.2. Declaring Interface Payable, 498

10.7.3. Creating Class Invoice, 499

10.7.4. Modifying Class Employee to Implement Interface Payable, 501

10.7.5. Modifying Class SalariedEmployee for Use in the Payable Hierarchy, 503

10.7.6. Using Interface Payable to Process Invoices and Employees Polymorphically, 505

10.7.7. Declaring Constants with Interfaces, 506

10.7.8. Common Interfaces of the Java API, 507

10.8. (Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Drawing with Polymorphism, 508

GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercises, 508

10.9. (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Incorporating Inheritance into the ATM System, 510

Implementing the ATM System Design (Incorporating Inheritance), 515

Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 517

Answers to Software Engineering Case Study Self-Review Exercises, 517

10.10. Wrap-Up, 518

Section 10.1 Introduction, 518

Section 10.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior, 518

Section 10.4 Abstract Classes and Methods, 518

Section 10.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism, 519

Section 10.6 final Methods and Classes, 519

Section 10.7 Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces, 520

Terminology, 520

Self-Review Exercises, 521

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 521

11. GUI Components: Part 1, 523

11.1. Introduction, 524

11.2. Simple GUI-Based Input/Output with JOptionPane, 525

Input Dialogs, 526

Converting Strings to int Values, 527

Message Dialogs, 527

JOptionPane Message Dialog Constants, 528

11.3. Overview of Swing Components, 528

Swing vs. AWT, 529

Lightweight vs. Heavyweight GUI Components, 529

Superclasses of Swing’s Lightweight GUI Components, 530

11.4. Displaying Text and Images in a Window, 531

Labeling GUI Components, 531

Specifying the Layout, 533

Creating and Attaching label1, 534

Creating and Attaching label2, 534

Creating and Attaching label3, 535

Creating and Displaying a LabelFrame Window, 536

11.5. Text Fields and an Introduction to Event Handling with Nested Classes, 536

Creating the GUI, 539

Steps Required to Set Up Event Handling for a GUI Component, 540

Using a Nested Class to Implement an Event Handler, 540

Registering the Event Handler for Each Text Field, 541

Details of Class TextFieldHandler’s actionPerformed Method, 542

Class TextFieldTest, 542

11.6. Common GUI Event Types and Listener Interfaces, 542

11.7. How Event Handling Works, 545

Registering Events, 545

Event-Handler Invocation, 546

11.8. JButton, 546

Accessing the this Reference in an Object of a Top-Level Class From an Inner Class, 550

11.9. Buttons That Maintain State, 550

11.9.1. JCheckBox, 550

11.9.2. JRadioButton, 553

11.10. JComboBox and Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event Handling, 556

Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event Handling, 559

11.11. JList, 560

11.12. Multiple-Selection Lists, 562

11.13. Mouse Event Handling, 565

Tracking Mouse Events on a JPanel, 566

11.14. Adapter Classes, 570

Extending MouseAdapter, 571

11.15. JPanel Subclass for Drawing with the Mouse, 573

Method paintComponent, 573

Defining the Custom Drawing Area, 574

Using the Custom JPanel in an Application, 577

11.16. Key-Event Handling, 577

11.17. Layout Managers, 580

11.17.1. FlowLayout, 582

11.17.2. BorderLayout, 584

11.17.3. GridLayout, 588

11.18. Using Panels to Manage More Complex Layouts, 590

11.19. JTextArea, 591

JScrollPane Scrollbar Policies, 594

11.20. Wrap-Up, 594

Section 11.1 Introduction, 595

Section 11.2 Simple GUI-Based Input/Output with JOptionPane, 595

Section 11.3 Overview of Swing Components, 595

Section 11.4 Displaying Text and Images in a Window, 596

Section 11.5 Text Fields and an Introduction to Event Handling with Nested Classes, 596

Section 11.6 Common GUI Event Types and Listener Interfaces, 597

Section 11.7 How Event Handling Works, 597

Section 11.8 JButton, 598

Section 11.9 Buttons That Maintain State, 598

Section 11.10 JComboBox and Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event Handling, 598

Section 11.11 JList, 599

Section 11.12 Multiple-Selection Lists, 599

Section 11.13 Mouse Event Handling, 599

Section 11.14 Adapter Classes, 599

Section 11.15 JPanel Subclass for Drawing with the Mouse, 600

Section 11.16 Key-Event Handling, 600

Section 11.17 Layout Managers, 600

Section 11.19 JTextArea, 601

Terminology, 601

Self-Review Exercises, 603

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 604

(Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study Exercise: Expanding the Interface, 607

12. Graphics and Java 2D™, 609

12.1. Introduction, 610

12.2. Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects, 612

12.3. Color Control, 613

12.4. Font Control, 620

Font Metrics, 623

12.5. Drawing Lines, Rectangles and Ovals, 626

12.6. Drawing Arcs, 630

12.7. Drawing Polygons and Polylines, 633

12.8. Java 2D API, 636

Lines, Rectangles, Round Rectangles, Arcs and Ellipses, 636

Ovals, Gradient Fills and Paint Objects, 638

Rectangles, Strokes, 639

Rounded Rectangles, BufferedImages and TexturePaint Objects, 639

Creating Your Own Shapes with General Paths, 640

12.9. Wrap-Up, 643

Section 12.1 Introduction, 643

Section 12.2 Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects, 643

Section 12.3 Color Control, 644

Section 12.4 Font Control, 644

Section 12.5 Drawing Lines, Rectangles and Ovals, 644

Section 12.6 Drawing Arcs, 644

Section 12.7 Drawing Polygons and Polylines, 645

Section 12.8 Java 2D API, 645

Terminology, 645

Self-Review Exercises, 646

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 647

(Optional) GUI and Graphics Case Study: Adding Java2D, 650

13. Exception Handling, 652

13.1. Introduction, 653

13.2. Exception-Handling Overview, 654

13.3. Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling, 655

13.4. Example: Handling ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions, 657

Enclosing Code in a try Block, 659

Catching Exceptions, 659

Termination Model of Exception Handling, 660

Using the throws Clause, 661

13.5. When to Use Exception Handling, 662

13.6. Java Exception Hierarchy, 663

13.7. finally Block, 666

Throwing Exceptions Using the throw Statement, 669

Rethrowing Exceptions, 670

13.8. Stack Unwinding, 670

13.9. printStackTrace, getStackTrace and getMessage, 672

13.10. Chained Exceptions, 674

13.11. Declaring New Exception Types, 676

13.12. Preconditions and Postconditions, 677

13.13. Assertions, 678

13.14. Wrap-Up, 679

Section 13.1 Introduction, 680

Section 13.2 Exception-Handling Overview, 680

Section 13.3 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling, 680

Section 13.4 Example: Handling ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions, 680

Section 13.5 When to Use Exception Handling, 681

Section 13.6 Java Exception Hierarchy, 681

Section 13.7 finally block, 682

Section 13.8 Stack Unwinding, 682

Section 13.9 printStackTrace, getStackTrace and getMessage, 682

Section 13.10 Chained Exceptions, 682

Section 13.11 Declaring New Exception Types, 682

Section 13.12 Preconditions and Postconditions, 683

Section 13.13 Assertions, 683

Terminology, 683

Self-Review Exercises, 683

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 684

14. Files and Streams, 686

14.1. Introduction, 687

14.2. Data Hierarchy, 688

14.3. Files and Streams, 690

14.4. Class File, 692

Creating File Objects, 692

Demonstrating Class File, 694

14.5. Sequential-Access Text Files, 696

14.5.1. Creating a Sequential-Access Text File, 696

14.5.2. Reading Data from a Sequential-Access Text File, 703

14.5.3. Case Study: A Credit-Inquiry Program, 706

14.5.4. Updating Sequential-Access Files, 710

14.6. Object Serialization, 712

14.6.1. Creating a Sequential-Access File Using Object Serialization, 713

14.6.2. Reading and Deserializing Data from a Sequential-Access File, 718

14.7. Additional java.io Classes, 721

Interfaces and Classes for Byte-Based Input and Output, 721

Interfaces and Classes for Character-Based Input and Output, 723

14.8. Opening Files with JFileChooser, 723

14.9. Wrap-Up, 727

Section 14.1 Introduction, 727

Section 14.2 Data Hierarchy, 727

Section 14.3 Files and Streams, 727

Section 14.4 Class File, 728

Section 14.5 Sequential-Access Text Files, 728

Section 14.6 Object Serialization, 728

Section 14.7 Additional java.io Classes, 729

Section 14.8 Opening Files with JFileChooser, 729

Terminology, 729

Self-Review Exercises, 730

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 732

15. Recursion, 737

15.1. Introduction, 738

15.2. Recursion Concepts, 739

15.3. Example Using Recursion: Factorials, 740

15.4. Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series, 743

15.5. Recursion and the Method-Call Stack, 746

15.6. Recursion vs. Iteration, 747

15.7. Towers of Hanoi, 749

15.8. Fractals, 752

15.9. Recursive Backtracking, 763

15.10. Wrap-Up, 763

15.11. Internet and Web Resources, 764

Recursion Concepts, 764

Recursive Backtracking, 765

Section 15.1 Introduction, 765

Section 15.2 Recursion Concepts, 765

Section 15.3 Example Using Recursion: Factorials, 765

Section 15.4 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series, 765

Section 15.5 Recursion and the Method-Call Stack, 766

Section 15.6 Recursion vs. Iteration, 766

Section 15.8 Fractals, 766

Section 15.9 Recursive Backtracking, 766

Terminology, 767

Self-Review Exercises, 767

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 768

16. Searching and Sorting, 773

16.1. Introduction, 774

16.2. Searching Algorithms, 775

16.2.1. Linear Search, 775

16.2.2. Binary Search, 779

16.3. Sorting Algorithms, 784

16.3.1. Selection Sort, 785

16.3.2. Insertion Sort, 789

16.3.3. Merge Sort, 793

16.4. Invariants, 799

16.5. Wrap-Up, 800

Section 16.1 Introduction, 801

Section 16.2 Searching Algorithms, 801

Section 16.3 Sorting Algorithms, 801

Section 16.4 Invariants, 802

Terminology, 802

Self-Review Exercises, 803

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 803

17. Data Structures, 806

17.1. Introduction, 807

17.2. Type-Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types, 808

17.3. Autoboxing and Auto-Unboxing, 808

17.4. Self-Referential Classes, 809

17.5. Dynamic Memory Allocation, 810

17.6. Linked Lists, 810

17.7. Stacks, 821

Stack Class That Inherits from List, 821

Stack Class That Contains a Reference to a List, 824

17.8. Queues, 825

17.9. Trees, 827

17.10. Wrap-Up, 834

Section 17.1 Introduction, 834

Section 17.2 Type-Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types, 835

Section 17.3 Autoboxing and Auto-Unboxing, 835

Section 17.4 Self-Referential Classes, 835

Section 17.5 Dynamic Memory Allocation, 835

Section 17.6 Linked Lists, 835

Section 17.7 Stacks, 835

Section 17.8 Queues, 836

Section 17.9 Trees, 836

Terminology, 836

Self-Review Exercises, 837

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 838

Special Section: Building Your Own Compiler, 844

First Pass, 847

Second Pass, 849

A Complete Example, 849

A Step-by-Step View of the Compilation Process, 851

18. Generics, 859

18.1. Introduction, 860

18.2. Motivation for Generic Methods, 861

18.3. Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time Translation, 863

18.4. Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type, 866

18.5. Overloading Generic Methods, 869

18.6. Generic Classes, 870

Creating Generic Methods to Test Class Stack< E >, 877

18.7. Raw Types, 880

18.8. Wildcards in Methods That Accept Type Parameters, 884

Implementing Method sum With a Wildcard Type Argument in Its Parameter, 886

18.9. Generics and Inheritance: Notes, 888

18.10. Wrap-Up, 889

18.11. Internet and Web Resources, 889

Section 18.1 Introduction, 889

Section 18.2 Motivation for Generic Methods, 889

Section 18.3 Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time Translation, 889

Section 18.4 Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type, 890

Section 18.5 Overloading Generic Methods, 890

Section 18.6 Generic Classes, 891

Section 18.7 Raw Types, 891

Section 18.8 Wildcards in Methods That Accept Type Parameters, 891

Section 18.9 Generics and Inheritance: Notes, 891

Terminology, 892

Self-Review Exercises, 892

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 892

19. Collections, 894

19.1. Introduction, 895

19.2. Collections Overview, 896

19.3. Class Arrays, 897

19.4. Interface Collection and Class Collections, 900

19.5. Lists, 901

19.5.1. ArrayList and Iterator, 901

19.5.2. LinkedList, 904

19.5.3. Vector, 908

19.6. Collections Algorithms, 912

19.6.1. Algorithm sort, 913

19.6.2. Algorithm shuffle, 917

19.6.3. Algorithms reverse, fill, copy, max and min, 920

19.6.4. Algorithm binarySearch, 922

19.6.5. Algorithms addAll, frequency and disjoint, 924

19.7. Stack Class of Package java.util, 925

19.8. Class PriorityQueue and Interface Queue, 928

19.9. Sets, 929

Sorted Sets, 931

19.10. Maps, 932

Map Implementation with Hash Tables, 933

19.11. Properties Class, 937

19.12. Synchronized Collections, 940

19.13. Unmodifiable Collections, 940

19.14. Abstract Implementations, 941

19.15. Wrap-Up, 941

Section 19.1 Introduction, 942

Section 19.2 Collections Overview, 942

Section 19.3 Class Arrays, 942

Section 19.4 Interface Collection and Class Collections, 942

Section 19.5 Lists, 942

Section 19.6 Collections Algorithms, 943

Section 19.7 Stack Class of Package java.util, 943

Section 19.8 Class PriorityQueue and Interface Queue, 943

Section 19.9 Sets, 944

Section 19.10 Maps, 944

Section 19.11 Properties Class, 944

Section 19.12 Synchronized Collections, 944

Section 19.13 Unmodifiable Collections, 944

Section 19.14 Abstract Implementations, 944

Terminology, 945

Self-Review Exercises, 946

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 946

20. Introduction to Java Applets, 949

20.1. Introduction, 950

20.2. Sample Applets Provided with the JDK, 950

TicTacToe Applet, 951

DrawTest Applet, 953

Java2D Applet, 954

20.3. Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String, 955

Creating the Applet Class, 957

Overriding Method paint for Drawing, 957

20.3.1. Executing an Applet in the appletviewer, 957

20.3.2. Executing an Applet in a Web Browser, 959

20.4. Applet Life-Cycle Methods, 960

20.5. Initializing an Instance Variable with Method init, 961

20.6. Sandbox Security Model, 963

20.7. Internet and Web Resources, 963

20.8. Wrap-Up, 964

Section 20.1 Introduction, 964

Section 20.2 Sample Applets Provided with the JDK, 965

Section 20.3 Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String, 965

Section 20.4 Applet Life-Cycle Methods, 965

Terminology, 966

Self-Review Exercise, 966

Answers to Self-Review Exercise, 966

21. Multimedia: Applets and Applications, 968

21.1. Introduction, 969

21.2. Loading, Displaying and Scaling Images, 970

21.3. Animating a Series of Images, 973

21.4. Image Maps, 978

21.5. Loading and Playing Audio Clips, 981

21.6. Playing Video and Other Media with Java Media Framework, 984

Creating a Simple Media Player, 985

21.7. Wrap-Up, 989

21.8. Web Resources, 989

Java Multimedia API References, 989

Section 21.2 Loading, Displaying and Scaling Images, 990

Section 21.3 Animating a Series of Images, 990

Section 21.4 Image Maps, 991

Section 21.5 Loading and Playing Audio Clips, 991

Section 21.6 Playing Video and Other Media with Java Media Framework, 991

Terminology, 991

Self-Review Exercises, 992

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 992

Special Section: Challenging Multimedia Projects, 993

22. GUI Components: Part 2, 996

22.1. Introduction, 997

22.2. JSlider, 997

22.3. Windows: Additional Notes, 1001

22.4. Using Menus with Frames, 1002

22.5. JPopupMenu, 1010

22.6. Pluggable Look-and-Feel, 1013

22.7. JDesktopPane and JInternalFrame, 1017

22.8. JTabbedPane, 1021

22.9. Layout Managers: BoxLayout and GridBagLayout, 1023

BoxLayout Layout Manager, 1024

GridBagLayout Layout Manager, 1027

GridBagConstraints Constants RELATIVE and REMAINDER, 1033

22.10. Wrap-Up, 1036

Section 22.2 JSlider, 1037

Section 22.3 Windows: Additional Notes, 1037

Section 22.4 Using Menus with Frames, 1037

Section 22.5 JPopupMenu, 1038

Section 22.6 Pluggable Look-and-Feel, 1038

Section 22.7 JDesktopPane and JInternalFrame, 1038

Section 22.8 JTabbedPane, 1038

Section 22.9 Layout Managers: BoxLayout and GridBagLayout, 1038

Terminology, 1038

Self-Review Exercises, 1040

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1040

Exercises, 1041

23. Multithreading, 1043

23.1. Introduction, 1044

23.2. Thread States: Life Cycle of a Thread, 1046

23.3. Thread Priorities and Thread Scheduling, 1048

23.4. Creating and Executing Threads, 1050

23.4.1. Runnables and the Thread Class, 1050

23.4.2. Thread Management with the Executor Framework, 1053

23.5. Thread Synchronization, 1054

23.5.1. Unsynchronized Data Sharing, 1055

23.5.2. Synchronized Data Sharing—Making Operations Atomic, 1060

23.6. Producer/Consumer Relationship without Synchronization, 1063

23.7. Producer/Consumer Relationship: ArrayBlockingQueue, 1070

23.8. Producer/Consumer Relationship with Synchronization, 1073

Methods wait, notify and notifyAll, 1073

Fields and Methods of Class SynchronizedBuffer, 1076

Method set and the Producer Thread, 1076

Method get and the Consumer Thread, 1076

Testing Class SynchronizedBuffer, 1077

23.9. Producer/Consumer Relationship: Bounded Buffers, 1079

Bounded Buffers, 1080

Bounded Buffers Using ArrayBlockingQueue, 1081

Implementing Your Own Bounded Buffer as a Circular Buffer, 1081

Testing Class CircularBuffer, 1084

23.10. Producer/Consumer Relationship: The Lock and Condition Interfaces, 1087

Interface Lock and Class ReentrantLock, 1087

Condition Objects and Interface Condition, 1087

Lock and Condition vs. the synchronized Keyword, 1088

Using Locks and Conditions to Implement Synchronization, 1089

23.11. Multithreading with GUI, 1093

Class SwingWorker, 1094

23.11.1. Performing Computations in a Worker Thread, 1095

23.11.2. Processing Intermediate Results with SwingWorker, 1100

23.12. Other Classes and Interfaces in java.util.concurrent, 1108

23.13. Wrap-Up, 1108

Section 23.1 Introduction, 1109

Section 23.2 Thread States: Life Cycle of a Thread, 1109

Section 23.3 Thread Priorities and Thread Scheduling, 1110

Section 23.4 Creating and Executing Threads, 1110

Section 23.5 Thread Synchronization, 1111

Section 23.6 Producer/Consumer Relationship Without Synchronization, 1112

Section 23.7 Producer/Consumer Relationship: ArrayBlockingQueue, 1112

Section 23.8 Producer/Consumer Relationship with Synchronization, 1113

Section 23.9 Producer/Consumer Relationship: Bounded Buffers, 1113

Section 23.10 Producer/Consumer Relationship: The Lock and Condition Interfaces, 1113

Section 23.11 Multithreading with GUI, 1114

Section 23.12 Other Classes and Interfaces in java.util.concurrent, 1115

Terminology, 1115

Self-Review Exercises, 1116

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1117

Exercises, 1117

24. Networking, 1119

24.1. Introduction, 1120

24.2. Manipulating URLs, 1121

24.3. Reading a File on a Web Server, 1126

24.4. Establishing a Simple Server Using Stream Sockets, 1130

24.5. Establishing a Simple Client Using Stream Sockets, 1131

24.6. Client/Server Interaction with Stream Socket Connections, 1132

Server Class, 1132

Client Class, 1138

24.7. Connectionless Client/Server Interaction with Datagrams, 1144

Server Class, 1144

Client Class, 1148

24.8. Client/Server Tic-Tac-Toe Using a Multithreaded Server, 1151

TicTacToeServer Class, 1151

TicTacToeClient Class, 1159

24.9. Security and the Network, 1166

24.10. [Web Bonus] Case Study: DeitelMessenger Server and Client, 1167

24.11. Wrap-Up, 1167

Section 24.1 Introduction, 1167

Section 24.2 Manipulating URLs, 1167

Section 24.3 Reading a File on a Web Server, 1168

Section 24.4 Establishing a Simple Server Using Stream Sockets, 1168

Section 24.5 Establishing a Simple Client Using Stream Sockets, 1168

Section 24.7 Connectionless Client/Server Interaction with Datagrams, 1168

Section 24.9 Security and the Network, 1169

Terminology, 1169

Self-Review Exercises, 1170

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1170

Exercises, 1171

25. Accessing Databases with JDBC, 1174

25.1. Introduction, 1175

25.2. Relational Databases, 1176

25.3. Relational Database Overview: The books Database, 1177

25.4. SQL, 1180

25.4.1. Basic SELECT Query, 1181

25.4.2. WHERE Clause, 1182

25.4.3. ORDER BY Clause, 1183

25.4.4. Merging Data from Multiple Tables: INNER JOIN, 1185

25.4.5. INSERT Statement, 1187

25.4.6. UPDATE Statement, 1188

25.4.7. DELETE Statement, 1189

25.5. Instructions for installing MySQL and MySQL Connector/J, 1189

Installing MySQL, 1189

Installing MySQL Connector/J, 1190

25.6. Instructions for Setting Up a MySQL User Account, 1190

25.7. Creating Database books in MySQL, 1191

25.8. Manipulating Databases with JDBC, 1192

25.8.1. Connecting to and Querying a Database, 1192

25.8.2. Querying the books Database, 1197

25.9. RowSet Interface, 1209

25.10. Java DB/Apache Derby, 1212

25.11. PreparedStatements, 1213

Address Book Application that Uses PreparedStatements, 1214

Class PersonQueries, 1216

Class AddressBookDisplay, 1220

25.12. Stored Procedures, 1229

25.13. Transaction Processing, 1229

25.14. Wrap-Up, 1230

25.15. Web Resources and Recommended Readings, 1230

Recommended Readings, 1231

Section 25.1 Introduction, 1232

Section 25.2 Relational Databases, 1232

Section 25.4.1 Basic SELECT Query, 1233

Section 25.4.2 WHERE Clause, 1233

Section 25.4.3 ORDER BY Clause, 1233

Section 25.4.4 Merging Data from Multiple Tables: INNER JOIN, 1233

Section 25.4.5 INSERT Statement, 1234

Section 25.4.6 UPDATE Statement, 1234

Section 25.4.7 DELETE Statement, 1234

Section 25.8.1 Connecting to and Querying a Database, 1234

Section 25.8.2 Querying the books Database, 1235

Section 25.9 RowSet Interface, 1235

Section 25.10 Java DB/Apache Derby, 1236

Section 25.11 PreparedStatements, 1236

Section 25.12 Stored Procedures, 1236

Section 25.13 Transaction Processing, 1236

Terminology, 1237

Self-Review Exercise, 1238

Answers to Self-Review Exercise, 1238

Exercises, 1238

26. Web Applications: Part 1, 1241

26.1. Introduction, 1242

26.2. Simple HTTP Transactions, 1243

26.3. Multitier Application Architecture, 1245

26.4. Java Web Technologies, 1246

26.4.1. Servlets, 1247

26.4.2. JavaServer Pages, 1247

26.4.3. JavaServer Faces, 1248

26.4.4. Web Technologies in Java Studio Creator 2, 1249

26.5. Creating and Running a Simple Application in Java Studio Creator 2, 1249

26.5.1. Examining a JSP File, 1251

26.5.2. Examining a Page Bean File, 1252

26.5.3. Event-Processing Life Cycle, 1256

26.5.4. Relationship Between the JSP and Page Bean Files, 1257

26.5.5. Examining the XHTML Generated by a Java Web Application, 1257

26.5.6. Building a Web Application in Java Studio Creator 2, 1259

26.6. JSF Components, 1266

26.6.1. Text and Graphics Components, 1267

26.6.2. Validation Using Validator Components and Custom Validators, 1271

26.7. Session Tracking, 1281

Personalization, 1281

Recognizing Clients, 1282

26.7.1. Cookies, 1282

26.7.2. Session Tracking with the SessionBean Object, 1296

Page Bean That Creates Book Recommendations from a SessionBean Property, 1307

26.8. Wrap-Up, 1309

26.9. Web Resources, 1310

Section 26.1 Introduction, 1311

Section 26.2 Simple HTTP Transactions, 1311

Section 26.3 Multitier Application Architecture, 1311

Section 26.4 Java Web Technologies, 1312

Section 26.4.1 Servlets, 1312

Section 26.4.2 JavaServer Pages, 1312

Section 26.4.3 JavaServer Faces, 1313

Section 26.4.4 Web Technologies in Java Studio Creator 2, 1313

Section 26.5.1 Examining a JSP File, 1314

Section 26.5.2 Examining a Page Bean File, 1314

Section 26.5.3 Event-Processing Life Cycle, 1314

Section 26.5.4 Relationship Between the JSP and Page Bean Files, 1315

Section 26.5.5 Examining the XHTML Generated by a Java Web Application, 1315

Section 26.5.6 Building a Web Application in Java Studio Creator 2, 1316

Section 26.6.2 Validation Using Validator Components and Custom Validators, 1317

Section 26.7 Session Tracking, 1317

Section 26.7.1 Cookies, 1318

Section 26.7.2 Session Tracking with the SessionBean Object, 1318

Terminology, 1319

Self-Review Exercises, 1320

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1320

Exercises, 1321

27. Web Applications: Part 2, 1322

27.1. Introduction, 1323

27.2. Accessing Databases in Web Applications, 1324

27.2.1. Building a Web Application That Displays Data from a Database, 1324

27.2.2. Modifying the Page Bean File for the AddressBook Application, 1333

27.3. Ajax-Enabled JSF Components, 1336

27.3.1. Java BluePrints Component Library, 1337

27.4. AutoComplete Text Field and Virtual Forms, 1338

Adding Search Components to the AddressBook.jsp Page, 1338

27.4.1. Configuring Virtual Forms, 1338

27.4.2. JSP File with Virtual Forms and an AutoComplete Text Field, 1340

27.4.3. Providing Suggestions for an AutoComplete Text Field, 1344

27.5. Google Maps Map Viewer Component, 1347

27.5.1. Obtaining a Google Maps API Key, 1347

27.5.2. Adding a Map Viewer Component to a Page, 1348

27.5.3. JSP File with a Map Viewer Component, 1349

27.5.4. Page Bean that Displays a Map in the Map Viewer Component, 1354

27.6. Wrap-Up, 1359

27.7. Web Resources, 1359

Section 27.2 Accessing Databases in Web Applications, 1360

Section 27.3 Ajax-Enabled JSF Components, 1361

Section 27.4 AutoComplete Text Field and Virtual Forms, 1361

Section 27.5 Google Maps Map Viewer Component, 1362

Terminology, 1362

Self-Review Exercises, 1363

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1363

Exercises, 1364

28. JAX-WS Web Services, Web 2.0 and Mash-Ups, 1365

28.1. Introduction, 1366

Netbeans 5.5 and Sun Java Studio Creator 2, 1367

28.1.1. Downloading, Installing and Configuring Netbeans 5.5 and the Sun Java System Application Server, 1368

28.1.2. Web Services Resource Center and Java Resource Centers at www.deitel.com, 1368

28.2. Java Web Services Basics, 1369

28.3. Creating, Publishing, Testing and Describing a Web Service, 1369

28.3.1. Creating a Web Application Project and Adding a Web Service Class in Netbeans, 1370

28.3.2. Defining the HugeInteger Web Service in Netbeans, 1371

28.3.3. Publishing the HugeInteger Web Service from Netbeans, 1375

28.3.4. Testing the HugeInteger Web Service with Sun Java System Application Server’s Tester Web page, 1376

28.3.5. Describing a Web Service with the Web Service Description Language (WSDL), 1379

28.4. Consuming a Web Service, 1379

28.4.1. Creating a Client in Netbeans to Consume the HugeInteger Web Service, 1380

28.4.2. Consuming the HugeInteger Web Service, 1383

28.5. SOAP, 1389

28.6. Session Tracking in Web Services, 1391

28.6.1. Creating a Blackjack Web Service, 1392

28.6.2. Consuming the Blackjack Web Service, 1396

28.7. Consuming a Database-Driven Web Service from a Web Application, 1407

28.7.1. Configuring Java DB in Netbeans and Creating the Reservation Database, 1407

28.7.2. Creating a Web Application to Interact with the Reservation Web Service, 1411

28.8. Passing an Object of a User-Defined Type to a Web Service, 1416

Serialization of User-Defined Types, 1417

Requirements for User-Defined Types Used with Web Methods, 1417

Defining Class Equation, 1417

Creating the EquationGenerator Web Service, 1420

Testing the EquationGenerator Web Service, 1421

Details of the EquationGenerator Web Service, 1421

Consuming the EquationGenerator Web Service, 1423

28.9. Wrap-Up, 1427

28.10. Web Resources, 1427

REST-Based Web Services, 1428

Section 28.1 Introduction, 1428

Section 28.2 Java Web Services Basics, 1429

Section 28.4 Consuming a Web Service, 1430

Section 28.5 SOAP, 1431

Section 28.6 Session Tracking in Web Services, 1431

Section 28.8 Passing an Object of a User-Defined Type to a Web Service, 1432

Terminology, 1433

Self-Review Exercises, 1433

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1434

Exercises, 1434

29. Formatted Output, 1436

29.1. Introduction, 1437

29.2. Streams, 1437

29.3. Formatting Output with printf, 1438

29.4. Printing Integers, 1438

29.5. Printing Floating-Point Numbers, 1439

29.6. Printing Strings and Characters, 1441

29.7. Printing Dates and Times, 1442

29.8. Other Conversion Characters, 1445

29.9. Printing with Field Widths and Precisions, 1447

29.10. Using Flags in the printf Format String, 1449

29.11. Printing with Argument Indices, 1452

29.12. Printing Literals and Escape Sequences, 1453

29.13. Formatting Output with Class Formatter, 1454

29.14. Wrap-Up, 1455

Section 29.2 Streams, 1455

Section 29.3 Formatting Output with printf, 1455

Section 29.4 Printing Integers, 1455

Section 29.5 Printing Floating-Point Numbers, 1455

Section 29.6 Printing Strings and Characters, 1455

Section 29.7 Printing Dates and Times, 1455

Section 29.8 Other Conversion Characters, 1456

Section 29.9 Printing with Field Widths and Precisions, 1456

Section 29.10 Using Flags in the printf Format String, 1456

Section 29.11 Printing with Argument Indices, 1456

Section 29.13 Formatting Output with Class Formatter, 1456

Terminology, 1457

Self-Review Exercises, 1457

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1458

Exercises, 1459

30. Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions, 1461

30.1. Introduction, 1462

30.2. Fundamentals of Characters and Strings, 1463

30.3. Class String, 1463

30.3.1. String Constructors, 1463

30.3.2. String Methods length, charAt and getChars, 1464

30.3.3. Comparing Strings, 1466

30.3.4. Locating Characters and Substrings in Strings, 1470

30.3.5. Extracting Substrings from Strings, 1472

30.3.6. Concatenating Strings, 1473

30.3.7. Miscellaneous String Methods, 1473

30.3.8. String Method valueOf, 1475

30.4. Class StringBuilder, 1476

30.4.1. StringBuilder Constructors, 1477

30.4.2. StringBuilder Methods length, capacity, setLength and ensureCapacity, 1478

30.4.3. StringBuilder Methods charAt, setCharAt, getChars and reverse, 1479

30.4.4. StringBuilder append Methods, 1480

30.4.5. StringBuilder Insertion and Deletion Methods, 1482

30.5. Class Character, 1483

30.6. Class StringTokenizer, 1488

30.7. Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class Matcher, 1489

Quantifiers, 1494

Replacing Substrings and Splitting Strings, 1494

Classes Pattern and Matcher, 1496

Regular Expression Web Resources, 1498

30.8. Wrap-Up, 1498

Section 30.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings, 1498

Section 30.3 Class String, 1498

Section 30.4 Class StringBuilder, 1499

Section 30.5 Class Character, 1500

Section 30.6 Class StringTokenizer, 1500

Section 30.7 Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class Matcher, 1500

Terminology, 1502

Self-Review Exercises, 1503

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1503

Exercises, 1503

Special Section: Advanced String-Manipulation Exercises, 1504

Special Section: Challenging String-Manipulation Projects, 1508

A. Operator Precedence Chart, 1509

A.1. Operator Precedence, 1509

B. ASCII Character Set, 1511

C. Keywords and Reserved Words, 1512

D. Primitive Types, 1513

E. Number Systems, 1514

E.1. Introduction, 1515

E.2. Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers, 1518

E.3. Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers, 1519

E.4. Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal, 1519

E.5. Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal, 1520

E.6. Negative Binary Numbers: Two’s Complement Notation, 1522

Terminology, 1524

Self-Review Exercises, 1524

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, 1525

Exercises, 1526

F. GroupLayout, 1527

F.1. Introduction, 1527

F.2. GroupLayout Basics, 1527

Sequential and Parallel Arrangements, 1527

Groups and Alignment, 1528

Sizing Components, 1528

F.3. Building a ColorChooser, 1528

Create a New Project, 1529

Add a New Subclass of JFrame to the Project, 1529

Build the GUI, 1530

Editing the Source Code and Adding Event Handlers, 1531

F.4. GroupLayout Web Resources, 1538

G. Java Desktop Integration Components (JDIC), 1540

G.1. Introduction, 1540

G.2. Splash Screens, 1540

G.3. Desktop Class, 1542

G.4. Tray Icons, 1545

G.5. JDIC Incubator Projects, 1545

G.6. JDIC Demos, 1545

H. Mashups, 1546

Introduction, 1546

Popular Mashups, 1546

APIs Commonly Used in Mashups, 1547

Deitel Mashups Research Center, 1548

Deitel RSS Resource Center, 1549

Mashup Performance and Reliability Issues, 1549

Mashup Tutorials, 1549

Mashup Directories, 1550

Mashup Resources, 1550

Mashup Tools and Downloads, 1550

Mashup Articles, 1551

Mashups in the Blogosphere, 1552

Mashup FAQs and Newsgroups, 1552

I. Unicode^®, AI

I.1. Introduction, AI

I.2. Unicode Transformation Formats, AII

I.3. Characters and Glyphs, AIII

I.4. Advantages/Disadvantages of Unicode, AIV

I.5. Unicode Consortium’s Web Site, AIV

I.6. Using Unicode, AV

I.7. Character Ranges, AVII

Self-Review Exercises, AVIII

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, AIX

J. Using the Java API Documentation, AX

J.1. Introduction, AX

J.2 Navigating the Java API, AXI

Frames in the API Documentation’s index.html Page, AXII

Important Links in the index.html Page, AXII

Viewing the Index Page, AXII

Viewing a Specific Package, AXII

Viewing the Details of a Class, AXIII

Summary Sections in a Class’s Documentation Page, AXIV

Detail Sections in a Class’s Documentation Page, AXVI

K. Creating Documentation with javadoc, AXIX

K.1. Introduction, AXIX

K.2. Documentation Comments, AXIX

K.3. Documenting Java Source Code, AXX

K.4. javadoc, AXXVII

K.5. Files Produced by javadoc, AXXVIII

L. Bit Manipulation, AXXXI

L.1. Introduction, AXXXI

L.2. Bit Manipulation and the Bitwise Operators, AXXXI

L.3. BitSet Class, AXLI

Self-Review Exercises, AXLIV

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, AXLIV

Exercises, AXLIV

M. ATM Case Study Code, AXLV

M.1. ATM Case Study Implementation, AXLV

M.2. Class ATM, AXLVI

M.3. Class Screen, ALI

M.4. Class Keypad, ALII

M.5. Class CashDispenser, ALIII

M.6. Class DepositSlot, ALIV

M.7. Class Account, ALV

M.8. Class BankDatabase, ALVII

M.9. Class Transaction, ALX

M.10. Class BalanceInquiry, ALXI

M.11. Class Withdrawal, ALXI

M.12. Class Deposit, ALXVI

M.13. Class ATMCaseStudy, ALXIX

M.14. Wrap-Up, ALXIX

N. Labeled break and continue Statements, ALXX

N.1. Introduction, ALXX

N.2. Labeled break Statement, ALXX

N.3. Labeled continue Statement, ALXXI

O. UML 2:Additional Diagram Types, ALXXIII

O.1. Introduction, ALXXIII

O.2. Additional Diagram Types, ALXXIII

P. Design Patterns, ALXXV

P.1. Introduction, ALXXV

History of Object-Oriented Design Patterns, ALXXVI

P.2. Creational, Structural and Behavioral Design Patterns, ALXXVI

P.2.1. Creational Design Patterns, ALXXVII

P.2.2. Structural Design Patterns, ALXXVIII

P.2.3. Behavioral Design Patterns, ALXXX

P.2.4. Conclusion, ALXXXI

P.3. Design Patterns in Packages java.awt and javax.swing, ALXXXII

P.3.1. Creational Design Patterns, ALXXXII

P.3.2. Structural Design Patterns, ALXXXII

P.3.3. Behavioral Design Patterns, ALXXXIV

P.3.4. Conclusion, ALXXXVIII

P.4. Concurrency Design Patterns, ALXXXVIII

Concurrency Design Patterns, ALXXXVIII

P.5. Design Patterns Used in Packages java.io and java.net, ALXXXIX

P.5.1. Creational Design Patterns, ALXXXIX

P.5.2. Structural Design Patterns, AXC

P.5.3. Architectural Patterns, AXCI

P.5.4. Conclusion, AXCIII

P.6. Design Patterns Used in Package java.util, AXCIII

P.6.1. Creational Design Patterns, AXCIII

P.6.2. Behavioral Design Patterns, AXCIV

P.7. Wrap-Up, AXCIV

P.8. Web Resources, AXCV

Design Patterns, AXCV

Design Patterns in Java, AXCV

Architectural Patterns, AXCVI

Q. Using the Debugger, AXCVII

Q.1. Introduction, AXCVIII

Q.2. Breakpoints and the run, stop cont and print Commands, AXCVIII

Q.3. The print and set Commands, ACII

Q.4. Controlling Execution Using the step, step up and next Commands, ACIV

Q.5. The watch Command, ACVII

Q.6. The clear Command, ACIX

Q.7. Wrap-Up, ACXII

Self-Review Exercises, ACXII

Answers to Self-Review Exercises, ACXIII

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For introductory courses in Java Programming/CS 1 and for Intermediate/Advanced Java Programming courses. The Deitels' groundbreaking How to Program series offers unparalleled breadth and depth of object-oriented programming concepts and intermediate-level topics for further study. This survey of Java programming contains an extensive OOD/UML 2 case study on developing an automated teller machine. The Seventh Edition has been extensively fine-tuned and is completely up-to-date with Sun Microsystems, Inc.’s latest Java release–Java Standard Edition (Java SE) 6.

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