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Diversity Amid Globalization: World Regions, Environment, Development, Fourth Edition

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Diversity Amid Globalization: World Regions, Environment, Development, Fourth Edition

by Les Rowntree; Martin Lewis; Marie Price; William Wyckoff

Publisher: Prentice Hall

Copyright Year: 2009

Publishing Date: 2008/02/26

eText ISBN-10: 0-13-601166-7

eText ISBN-13: 978-0-13-601166-8

Print ISBN-10: 0-13-600554-3

Print ISBN-13: 978-0-13-600554-4

Course: Geography

Pages: 720

eTextbook $48.30

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Table of Contents | Description

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ABOUT THIS TITLE - TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Diversity Amid Globalization, 1

Diversity Amid Globalization: A Geography for the Twenty-First Century, 2

Converging Currents of Globalization, 2

Advocates and Critics of Globalization, 6

People on the Move: The Geography of Global Migration, 7

Diversity in a Globalizing World, 10

Geography Matters: Environments, Regions, Landscapes, 11

Human–Environment Interaction, 12

Areal Differentiation and Integration, 12

Space into Place: The Cultural Landscape, 14

Scales: Global to Local, 15

Themes in Diversity Amid Globalization, 16

Population and Settlement: People on the Land, 17

Geographic Tools: From Satellites to Shovels, 17

Population Growth and Change, 18

Global to Local: Is This Nebraska or India? The Globalization of Back-Office Jobs, 20

The Demographic Transition, 22

Migration Patterns, 22

Setting the Boundaries: The Metageography of World Regions, 23

Settlement Geography, 24

Cityscapes: Exploring the World’s Urban Places, 26

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: The Geography of Tradition and Change, 28

Culture in a Globalizing World, 29

When Cultures Collide, 29

Language and Culture in Global Context, 30

A Geography of World Religions, 31

Geopolitical Framework: Fragmentation and Unity, 34

Geography in the Making: Current Events and World Regional Geography, 34

Global Terrorism, 35

Nation-States, 35

Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces, 36

Boundaries and Frontiers, 36

Colonialism and Decolonialization, 37

Economic and Social Development: The Geography of Wealth and Poverty, 38

More- and Less-Developed Countries, 39

Indicators of Economic Development, 39

Indicators of Social Development, 41

2. The Changing Global Environment, 46

Geology and Human Settlement: A Restless Earth, 48

Plate Tectonics, 48

Global to Local: The World of Bushmeat and Animal Poaching, 50

Geologic Hazards: Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 51

Global Climates: An Uncertain Forecast, 53

Climatic Controls, 53

World Climate Regions, 55

Global Warming, 56

Geographic Tools: Reconstructing Climates of the Past, 60

Water on Earth: A Scarce and Polluted Resource, 61

The Global Water Budget, 61

Human Impacts on Plants and Animals: The Globalization of Nature, 62

Biomes and Bioregions, 63

Preserving Nature Through International Agreements: The Case of Antarctica, 63

Tropical Forests and Savannas, 64

Deforestation in the Tropics, 64

Deserts and Grasslands, 66

Temperate Forests, 66

Food Resources: Environment, Diversity, Globalization, 67

Industrial and Traditional Agriculture, 67

The Green Revolution, 68

Problems and Projections, 69

3. North America, 72

Setting the Boundaries, 74

Environmental Geography: A Threatened Land of Plenty, 76

The Costs of Human Modification, 76

The Price of Affluence, 79

A Diverse Physical Setting, 80

Patterns of Climate and Vegetation, 81

North America and Global Climate Change, 81

Population and Settlement: Reshaping a Continental Landscape, 83

Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns, 84

Occupying the Land, 85

North American Migration, 86

People on the Move: California Dreamin’ and California Leavin’, 88

Settlement Geographies: The Decentralized Metropolis, 91

Geographic Tools: Housing Affordability and the U.S. Census, 92

Settlement Geographies: Rural North America, 94

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Shifting Patterns of Pluralism, 95

The Roots of a Cultural Identity, 95

Peopling North America, 95

Culture and Place in North America, 98

Cityscapes: Miami, 101

Patterns of North American Religion, 103

The Globalization of American Culture, 103

Global to Local: Pentecostalism Redraws the Religious Map of the World, 105

Geopolitical Framework: Patterns of Dominance and Division, 106

Creating Political Space, 106

Continental Neighbors, 107

The Legacy of Federalism, 107

The Politics of U.S. Immigration, 109

A Global Reach, 110

Economic and Social Development: Geographies of Abundance and Affluence, 111

An Abundant Resource Base, 111

Creating a Continental Economy, 113

North America and the Global Economy, 116

Geography in the Making: Skilled Immigrants Fuel Big City Growth, 118

Persisting Social Issues, 119

4. Latin America, 124

Setting the Boundaries, 126

Environmental Geography: Neotropical Diversity and Urban Degradation, 128

Rural Environmental Issues: Declining Forests and Degraded Farmlands, 128

Global to Local: Can Eco-Friendly Coffee Promote Biodiversity and Rural Development?, 131

Urban Environmental Challenges, 132

Western Mountains and the Eastern Shields, 134

River Basins and Lowlands, 136

Climate Patterns, 137

Latin America and Climate Change, 139

Population and Settlement: The Dominance of Cities, 140

The Latin American City, 142

Patterns of Rural Settlement, 144

Population Growth and Movements, 146

People on the Move: Latin Americans Return to Iberia, 147

Patterns of Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Repopulating a Continent, 150

Demographic Collapse, 150

Geographic Tools: Participatory Mapping, 152

Patterns of Ethnicity and Culture, 153

The Global Reach of Latino Culture, 155

Geopolitical Framework: Redrawing the Map, 157

Iberian Conquest and Territorial Division, 157

Regional Organizations, 160

Geography in the Making: The Growth of Mercosur, 162

Economic and Social Development: Dependent Economic Growth, 164

Development Strategies, 165

Cityscapes: Life in the Streets of Ciudad Juárez, 167

Primary Export Dependency, 169

Latin America in the Global Economy, 170

Social Development, 173

5. The Caribbean, 178

Setting the Boundaries, 180

Environmental Geography: Paradise Undone, 182

Environmental Issues, 183

The Caribbean and Climate Change, 185

Islands and Rimland Landscapes, 185

Climate and Vegetation, 187

Geographic Tools: Tracking Hurricanes, 188

Population and Settlement: Densely Settled Islands and Rimland Frontiers, 191

Demographic Trends, 192

The Rural–Urban Continuum, 194

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Neo-Africa in the Americas, 195

The Cultural Imprint of Colonialism, 196

Cityscapes: In the Streets of Havana, 196

Creating a Neo-Africa, 197

Creolization and Caribbean Identity, 200

Global to Local: Caribbean Carnival Around the World, 202

Geopolitical Framework: Colonialism, Neocolonialism, and Independence, 203

Life in the “American Backyard”, 205

Independence and Integration, 208

Economic and Social Development: From Cane Fields to Cruise Ships, 209

Geography in the Making: Bermuda’s Economic Rise and Political Uncertainty, 209

From Fields to Factories and Resorts, 210

Social Development, 216

People on the Move: Migrants and Remittances, 218

6. Sub–Saharan Africa, 222

Setting the Boundaries, 224

Environmental Geography: The Plateau Continent, 226

Plateaus and Basins, 226

Climate and Vegetation, 228

Africa’s Environmental Issues, 231

Geographic Tools: Monitoring Land Cover and Conservation Changes in Niger, 234

Climate Change and Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa, 236

Population and Settlement: Young and Restless, 237

Population Trends and Demographic Debates, 237

Patterns of Settlement and Land Use, 241

Urban Life, 244

Cityscapes: Accra in the Global Economy, 246

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Unity Through Adversity, 247

Language Patterns, 247

Globalization and African Culture, 253

Geopolitical Framework: Legacies of Colonialism and Conflict, 254

People on the Move: Cape Verde’s Culture of Migration, 255

Indigenous Kingdoms and European Encounters, 256

European Colonization, 257

Decolonization and Independence, 261

Enduring Political Conflict, 263

Geography in the Making: The Battle Over Somalia, 266

Economic and Social Development: The Struggle to Rebuild, 267

Roots of African Poverty, 269

Links to the World Economy, 271

Economic Differentiation Within Africa, 273

Measuring Social Development, 274

Global to Local: The Used Clothing Trade, 275

Women and Development, 277

7. Southwest Asia and North Africa, 280

Setting the Boundaries, 284

Environmental Geography: Life in a Fragile World, 285

Legacies of a Vulnerable Landscape, 285

Regional Landforms, 288

Patterns of Climate, 289

The Uncertainties of Regional Climate Change, 291

Geographic Tools: Assessing Earthquake Hazards in Turkey, 291

Population and Settlement: Changing Rural and Urban Worlds, 293

The Geography of Population, 293

Water and Life: Rural Settlement Patterns, 294

Many-Layered Landscapes: The Urban Imprint, 297

Recent Migration Patterns, 299

Shifting Demographic Patterns, 300

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: Signatures of Complexity, 301

People on the Move: Iraqis Flee the War, 301

Patterns of Religion, 302

Geographies of Language, 306

Regional Cultures in Global Context, 307

Global to Local: The Egypt of Naguib Mahfouz, 308

Geopolitical Framework: Never-Ending Tensions, 309

The Colonial Legacy, 310

Modern Geopolitical Issues, 311

Geography in the Making: Walling in Bethlehem and the Israeli Security Barrier, 316

An Uncertain Political Future, 317

Economic and Social Development: Lands of Wealth and Poverty, 318

The Geography of Fossil Fuels, 318

Regional Economic Patterns, 320

Cityscapes: The Instant Global City of Dubai, 322

A Woman’s Changing World, 325

Global Economic Relationships, 326

Environmental Geography: Human Transformation of a Diverse Landscape, 332

Setting the Boundaries, 332

Landform and Landscape Regions, 334

Europe’s Climates, 336

Seas, Rivers, and Ports, 338

Europe’s Environmental Issues, East and West, 339

Geographic Tools: Landscape Restoration in England, 339

Global Warming in Europe: Problems and Prospects, 341

Population and Settlement: Slow Growth and Rapid Migration, 343

Natural Growth: Beyond the Demographic Transition, 343

Migration to and Within Europe, 347

The Geography of “Fortress Europe”, 347

The Landscapes of Urban Europe, 347

People on the Move: Smuggling Illegal Immigrants into Europe, 349

Cityscapes: Berlin Reinvents Itself, 350

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Mosaic of Differences, 353

Geographies of Language, 353

Geographies of Religion, Past and Present, 356

European Culture in a Global Context, 359

Geopolitical Framework: A Dynamic Map, 360

Redrawing the Map of Europe Through War, 362

A Divided Europe, East and West, 362

Geography in the Making: Terrorism in Europe, 364

The Balkans: Europe’s Geopolitical Nightmare, 366

Economic and Social Development: Integration and Transition, 369

Europe’s Industrial Revolution, 369

Rebuilding Postwar Europe: Economic Integration in the West, 371

Economic Integration, Disintegration, and Transition in Eastern Europe, 372

Global to Local: Bananas, Beef, and U.S.–EU Trade Wars, 375

Regional Disparities within Eastern Europe, 377

9. The Russian Domain, 380

Setting the Boundaries, 384

Environmental Geography: A Vast and Challenging Land, 385

A Devastated Environment, 385

A Diverse Physical Setting, 390

Consequences of Global Climate Change, 392

Population and Settlement: An Urban Domain, 394

Population Distribution, 394

Geographic Tools: Mapping Russian Forests, 394

Regional Migration Patterns, 397

Cityscapes: St. Petersburg, 398

Inside the Russian City, 401

The Demographic Crisis, 402

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: The Legacy of Slavic Dominance, 404

The Heritage of the Russian Empire, 404

People on the Move: Russia’s Illegal Immigrants, 404

Geographies of Language, 406

Geographies of Religion, 409

Russian Culture in Global Context, 410

Geopolitical Framework: Transformation of a Global Superpower, 412

Geopolitical Structure of the Former Soviet Union, 413

Current Geopolitical Setting, 415

Geography in the Making: Chechnya’s Larger Significance, 418

The Shifting Global Setting, 419

Economic and Social Development: An Era of Ongoing Adjustment, 420

The Legacy of the Soviet Economy, 421

The Post-Soviet Economy, 422

Growing Economic Globalization, 426

Global to Local: The Tale of Two Siberias, 428

10. Central Asia, 432

Environmental Geography: Steppes, Deserts, and Threatened Lakes of the Eurasian Heartland, 435

The Shrinking Aral Sea, 435

Setting the Boundaries, 435

Other Environmental Issues, 436

Geographic Tools: Remote Sensing, GIS, and the Tragedy of the Aral Sea, 437

Central Asia’s Physical Regions, 439

Global Warming and Central Asia, 441

Population and Settlement: Densely Settled Oases Amid Vacant Lands, 441

Highland Population and Subsistence Patterns, 442

Lowland Population and Subsistence Patterns, 443

Population Issues, 444

Urbanization in Central Asia, 446

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Meeting Ground of Different Traditions, 447

Cityscapes: Life on the Streets of Samarkand, 447

Historical Overview: Steppe Nomads and Silk Road Traders, 448

Contemporary Linguistic and Ethnic Geography, 448

People on the Move: Afghan Refugees Return Home, 452

Geography of Religion, 453

Central Asian Culture in International Context, 454

Geopolitical Framework: Political Reawakening in a Power Void, 455

Partitioning of the Steppes, 455

Central Asia Under Communist Rule, 456

Current Geopolitical Tension, 457

Global Dimensions of Central Asian Geopolitics, 459

The Roles of Iran, Pakistan, India, and Turkey, 461

Geography in the Making: Afghanistan’s Never-Ending War, 461

Economic and Social Development: Abundant Resources, Devastated Economies, 462

Economic Development in Central Asia, 462

Global to Local: The Mongolian Cashmere Industry Readjusts, 465

Social Development in Central Asia, 467

11. East Asia, 472

Environmental Geography: Resource Pressures in a Crowded Land, 474

Dams, Flooding, and Soil Erosion in China, 475

Setting the Boundaries, 478

Other East Asian Environmental Problems, 479

Global Warming and East Asia, 481

East Asia’s Physical Geography, 483

Population and Settlement: A Region of Crowded Lowland Basins, 485

Agriculture and Settlement in Japan, 486

Agriculture and Settlement in China, Korea, and Taiwan, 488

Agriculture and Resources in Global Context, 489

Urbanization in East Asia, 490

Cityscapes: Life on the Streets of Tokyo, 493

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Confucian Realm?, 494

Unifying Cultural Characteristics, 494

Religious Unity and Diversity, 496

Linguistic and Ethnic Diversity, 498

Global to Local: The Korean Wave, 503

East Asian Cultures in Global Context, 504

Geopolitical Framework: Enduring Cold War Tensions, 505

The Evolution of China, 506

The Rise of Japan, 507

Postwar Geopolitics, 509

Geographic Tools: The East Asian Gazetteer and the Reconstruction of Historical Geography, 510

Global Dimensions of East Asian Geopolitics, 513

Economic and Social Development: An Emerging Core of the Global Economy, 514

Geography in the Making: North Korea in Crisis?, 514

Japan’s Economy and Society, 516

The Newly Industrialized Countries, 517

Chinese Development, 518

People on the Move: The Chinese Global Diaspora, 520

Social Conditions in China, 522

12. South Asia, 526

Environmental Geography: Diverse Landscapes, from Tropical Islands to Mountain Rim, 528

Setting the Boundaries, 528

Building the Quadrilateral Highway, 530

Environmental Issues in South Asia, 530

The Four Subregions of South Asia, 532

South Asia’s Monsoon Climates, 533

Global Warming and South Asia, 534

Population and Settlement: Continuing Growth in a Crowded Land, 536

The Geography of Family Planning, 536

Migration and the Settlement Landscape, 537

Agricultural Regions and Activities, 540

Geographic Tools: Survey Work on Contraceptive Use in West Bengal, 540

Urban South Asia, 542

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Common Heritage Undermined by Religious Rivalries, 544

Cityscapes: Life on the Streets of Mumbai (Bombay), 544

Origins of South Asian Civilizations, 546

The Caste System, 547

Contemporary Geographies of Religion, 548

Geographies of Language, 551

South Asians in a Global Cultural Context, 554

Geopolitical Framework: A Deeply Divided Region, 555

South Asia Before and After Independence in 1947, 555

Ethnic Conflicts in South Asia, 559

The Maoist Challenge, 561

People on the Move: Punjabis Leaving Agriculture and Leaving India, 561

International Geopolitics, 562

Geography in the Making: Pakistan’s Political Turmoil, 563

Economy and Social Development: Burdened by Poverty, 564

South Asian Poverty, 564

Geographies of Economic Development, 565

Global to Local: The Sialkot Industrial Complex, 568

Globalization of India’s Economic Future, 570

Social Development, 572

13. Southeast Asia, 576

Environmental Geography: A Once-Forested Region, 579

The Tragedy of the Karen, 580

Setting the Boundaries, 580

The Deforestation of Southeast Asia, 581

Fires, Smoke, and Air Pollution, 583

Patterns of Physical Geography, 584

Geographic Tools: Statistical Comparisons and the Assessment of Philippine Deforestation, 584

Global Warming and Southeast Asia, 588

Population and Settlement: Densely Settled Lowlands amid Sparsely Settled Uplands, 588

Settlement and Agriculture, 588

Recent Demographic Change, 591

Urban Settlement, 594

Cityscapes: Metro Manila, Primate City of the Philippines, 594

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Meeting Ground of World Cultures, 597

The Introduction and Spread of Major Cultural Traditions, 597

Geography of Language and Ethnicity, 599

Southeast Asian Culture in Global Context, 602

People on the Move: Filipinos Take to the Seas, 603

Geopolitical Framework: War, Ethnic Strife, and Regional Cooperation, 604

Before European Colonialism, 604

The Colonial Era, 605

The Vietnam War and Its Aftermath, 606

Geopolitical Tensions in Contemporary Southeast Asia, 607

International Dimensions of Southeast Asian Geopolitics, 610

Economic and Social Development: The Roller-Coaster Ride of Globalized Development, 612

Uneven Economic Development, 612

Geography in the Making: Thailand’s Troubled Return to Democracy, 613

Globalization and the Southeast Asian Economy, 617

Issues of Social Development, 618

Global to Local: Poipet and Southeast Asia’s Other “Sin Cities”, 619

14. Australia and Oceania, 622

Setting the Boundaries, 625

Environmental Geography: A Varied Natural and Human Habitat, 627

Australian Environments, 627

New Zealand’s Varied Landscape, 628

The Oceanic Realm, 630

Geographic Tools: Fire Ecology and Management in Australia, 631

Environments at Risk, 632

Global to Local: Multinational Mining, Indigenous People, and Environment Damage in Papua New Guinea, 634

Nonnative Plants and Animals, 635

Global Warming in Oceania, 636

Population and Settlement: A Diverse Cultural Landscape, 636

Contemporary Population Patterns, 637

Historical Settlement, 638

Modern Settlement Landscapes, 640

Diverse Demographic Paths, 643

Cityscapes: Apia, Capital of Samoa, 644

Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Global Crossroads, 645

Multicultural Australia, 645

People on the Move: Africans in Australia, 647

Cultural Patterns in New Zealand, 648

The Mosaic of Pacific Cultures, 648

Geopolitical Framework: A Land of Fluid Boundaries, 651

Shifting Geopolitical Patterns, 651

Persisting Geopolitical Tensions, 654

Geography in the Making: The Political and Economic Implications of Australia–China Trade, 656

Economic and Social Development: A Difficult Path to Paradise, 657

Uncertain Avenues to Affluence, 657

The Global Economic Setting, 659

Enduring Social Challenges, 660

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ABOUT THIS TITLE - DESCRIPTION

For undergraduate World Regional Geography courses, or for a courses on globalization or cultural diversity. Emphasizing the interconnections and diversifications between people and places, Diversity Amid Globalization challenges students to compare and contrast the regions of the world within thematic regional chapters that incorporate a striking visual layout for today's student.

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