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Copyright, ii
Preface, iv
Chapter 1. Foundations of Brief Counseling: The Fly Bottle, 1
Chapter Goals, 1
Story, 1
Overview, 3
Our Goals, 3
Ideas, 4
A Rationale for Theory, 4
Our View of the Brief Approach, 5
Integrative Theory and Practice, 6
An Integrative Hierarchy of Counseling Approaches, 8
A Brief History of Brief Counseling, 12
Success Strategies, 16
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 17
Tools, 21
A Guarantee, 23
Summary, 24
Resource, 24
Chapter 2. The Centrality of the Counseling Relationship: No Magic Tricks, 25
Chapter Goals, 25
Story, 26
Overview, 26
Ideas, 27
A Riddle, 27
Magic Tricks and Miracles, 28
Common Factors, 29
A Caveat: Listen to Your Clients, 30
Rogers Rediscovered, 31
Acknowledgment and Therapeutic Distance, 33
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 35
Tools, 36
Establishing the Counseling Relationship, 36
“Carl Rogers With a Twist”, 38
Possibility Statement, 39
You Need Two Things, 41
Deconstructing Client Complaints, 42
An Important Reminder, 46
Summary, 47
Resource, 47
Chapter 3. Empathy and Caring, 48
Chapter Goals, 48
Story, 48
Overview, 49
Ideas, 50
The Empathic Connection, 50
Empathic Accuracy, 50
Empathy Research, 51
Making Sense of Other People, 53
Emotional Intelligence, 53
Caring, 54
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 55
Tools, 58
Empathy as Technique, 58
Caring and the Collaborative Relationship, 59
Communicating Empathy, 60
You Are Your Instrument (Self as Technique), 60
Positive Emotions, 63
Reverse Empathy: Entraining Emotions, 65
Summary, 67
Resource, 68
Chapter 4. Helping Clients Frame Goals: The Pull of the Future, 69
Chapter Goals, 69
Story, 69
Overview, 70
Ideas, 71
A Brief History of the Past and Future, 71
Toward an Uncertain Future, 72
Overcoming Blocks to a Hopeful Future, 74
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 74
Tools, 75
Inviting Clients to Set Goals, 75
Well-Formed Goals, 76
Clients and Commitment, 79
Third-Party Goals, 82
Framing the Third-Party Referral, 83
Looking for Exceptions, 85
No Problems Are Ever Fully Resolved: Scaling, 87
Do Not Scale “SUDS”, 89
Two Closing Comments, 91
Summary, 91
Resource, 92
Chapter 5. Facilitating and Perturbing Change: Counseling and Chaos, 93
Chapter Goals, 93
Story, 94
Overview, 95
Ideas, 95
Counselors as Change Agents, 95
The New Science of Change, 97
A Few Concepts, 97
Chaos and Counseling, 100
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 101
Tools, 101
Solution Failures, 102
Two Types of Change, 102
Delivering the Reframe, 104
Other Therapeutic Perturbations, 107
Counterintuitive Interventions, 109
The Death of Resistance, 110
Dealing with “Resistance”, 111
Utilization, 112
Summary, 113
Resource, 113
Chapter 6. Constructivist Counseling: Invented and Imposed Realities, 114
Chapter Goals, 114
Story, 114
Overview, 116
Ideas, 117
A Mental Reality, 117
Ways of Knowing, 117
Constructivism, 118
Social Constructionism, 119
Memes: Units of Social Construction, 120
Peanuts, Pizzas, and Pluto, 121
Our Storied Cultures, 122
Deconstruction Defined, 122
The Cognitive Revolution, 123
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 124
Tools, 124
Deconstructing Is Not “Dissing”, 124
Techniques of Deconstruction, 125
Fantasy and the Hypothetical, 129
Pretending Miracles, 130
Encouragement versus Praise, 132
Compliments, Praise, and Encouragement, 133
When a Client Focuses Positively (The Encouragement Triad), 135
Summary, 136
Resource, 137
Chapter 7. Narrative Counseling: Clients’ Lives as Stories, 138
Chapter Goals, 138
Story, 138
Overview, 139
Ideas, 140
Outdated, Rigidified, and Tragic Stories, 140
Stories Needing Revision, 142
Where Limiting Stories Come From, 143
Making Sense of Narrative, 144
Narrative Therapy, 146
Metaphors and the Stories of Our Lives, 147
Fuzzy Metaphors, 149
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 150
Tools, 151
Externalizing “Problems”, 151
Life Stories and Metaphors, 154
Responding to Conceptions, Descriptions, and Associations, 155
Listening for Client Metaphors, 156
Working With Client Metaphors, 157
Capturing Client Metaphors, 158
The Charismatic Use of Metaphors, 160
Summary, 160
Resource, 161
Chapter 8. Meaningful Stories, Meaningful Lives, 162
Chapter Goals, 162
Story, 162
Overview, 164
Ideas, 165
Meaning and Happiness, 165
The Problem of Meaning, 167
The Meaning Behind Client Stories, 168
Resistance and “Siding”, 171
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 172
Tools, 172
Appreciative Inquiry, 172
The Quest for Meaning, 173
Questioning Discrepancies in Meanings, 173
Other Meaning-Making Questions, 174
Useful Goal-Directed Questions, 175
Presumptive Questions and Leads, 177
The Circular (or Relational) Question, 178
“Getting-By” Questions, 179
Questioning the Use of Questions, 179
Flow and the Transderivational Search, 180
The Common Everyday Trance, 181
Summary, 184
Resource, 185
Chapter 9. Brains, Emotions, Thoughts, and Counseling: Cool Reason and Hot-Wiring, 186
Chapter Goals, 186
Story of Carla, 187
Story of Bob, 188
Overview, 188
Ideas, 189
Rebuilding Brains, 189
Emotions and Thought, 190
Denying Emotion, 191
The Amygdala and Hippocampus, 192
Emotional Arousal and the Yerkes-Dodson Law, 193
Head Scratching, 194
The Neural Substrate, 195
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 195
Tools, 196
Counseling Brains, 196
Extremes of Emotional Reaction, 197
Lowering Emotional Arousal, 198
Raising Emotional Arousal, 201
Making the Implicit Explicit, 203
Empathic Immediacy and Interpretation, 204
Summary, 208
Resource, 208
Chapter 10. Counseling People in Crisis: Promoting Resilience and Resolution, 209
Chapter Goals, 209
Story, 210
Overview, 211
Ideas, 212
The Concept of Crisis, 212
Schemas, Crises, and Sandpiles, 213
Resilience, 215
From Surviving to Thriving, 216
Social Support, 216
Meaning and Survival Stories, 217
Managing Emotions—Taking Heart in Troubled Times, 217
Envisioning a Future, 219
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 219
Tools, 220
Reaching Out with LUV, 221
Looking for the Survivor, 221
Taking Heart, 224
Moving On, 227
The Importance of Believing, 230
Summary, 231
Resource, 232
Chapter 11. The Reflecting Team, Consulting Break, and Offering Suggestions, 233
Chapter Goals, 233
Story, 233
Overview, 235
Ideas, 235
The Dual Perspectives of the Counselor, 235
The Reflecting Team, 237
The Consulting (Reflecting) Break, 238
The Suggestion, 239
Why Can’t You Just Tell ’Em?, 241
The Zeigarnik Effect, 241
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 242
Tools, 243
Successful Reflecting, 243
Taking a Break, 246
Preparing for the Suggestion, 247
Tailoring Suggestions, 247
Delivering Suggestions, 249
Delivering the Suggestion (A Protocol), 250
Task Proposal, 253
A Task Construction Paradigm, 254
Summary, 256
Resource, 257
Chapter 12. The “Brief Attitudes” and Consolidating Change, 258
Chapter Goals, 258
Story, 258
Overview, 259
Ideas, 259
Brief Ideas and the “Brief Attitude”, 259
Why Use Brief Approaches to Counseling?, 259
Efficient versus Brief Counseling, 260
The Brief Attitudes, 262
The Stages of Change as an Integrative Approach, 266
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 268
Tools, 268
What Next?, 268
Consolidating Change, 269
Notice Small Changes, 270
When Should You Stop?, 273
Termination and Flight into Health, 273
Dealing with Client Misgivings, 274
Keeping Changes Going, 275
Making Saying Good-Bye Work, 276
Get It in Writing, 277
A Protocol for a Follow-Up Letter, 279
Summary, 280
Resource, 281
Chapter 13. Humanistic Counseling and Working With Involuntary Clients, 282
Chapter Goals, 282
Story, 282
Act I, 282
Overview, 283
Ideas, 283
Returning Home, 283
Social Construction and “Strength-Centered Therapy”, 285
How Deep Does Brief Counseling Go?, 287
Getting to the Self, 288
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 289
Tools, 290
Counseling Is Not for Everyone, 290
Who’s the Client?, 290
Cooperating With Both Primary and Referring Clients, 293
What Does an Involuntary Client Want?, 294
The Counselor as Shrink, 294
What if the Involuntary Client Remains Involuntary?, 296
Two Giants of Counseling, 300
Summary, 300
Resource, 301
Chapter 14. Other Brief Approaches and Theory as a Tool, 302
Chapter Goals, 302
Story, 302
Overview, 305
Ideas, 305
“Brief” as an Evolving Paradigm, 305
Motivational Interviewing (MI), 306
Brief Gestalt Therapy, 308
Time-Limited Existential Therapy, 309
Brief Psychodynamic Therapy, 311
Brief Behavior Therapy, 312
Brief Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, 312
Implications of These Ideas for the Counselor, 314
Tools, 315
Using Theory as a Tool, 315
The Theory of Relationship, 316
Theory of Change as a Tool, 317
What Kind of Counseling Will You Do?, 319
The Five “Ps” of Counseling, 320
Palliation, 320
Programming, 320
Parturition, 321
Perturbation, 321
Participation, 321
Summary, 321
Resource, 322
References, 323
Author Index, 334
Subject Index, 338

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