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Resource Instructions, ri_1
Copyright, ii
Preface, ix
Reviewers, xi
About the Authors, xii
Part I. Mechanisms of Disease, 1
1. Introduction to Disease, 2
Introduction, 4
Manifestations of Disease, 4
Diagnosis, 4
Describing Disease, 4
Causes of Disease, 5
Risk Factors, 6
Treatment of Disease, 7
Resources, 7
Interactive Exercises, 8
2. Immunity and the Lymphatic System, 10
Immunity, 12
Specific Immunity and the Lymphatic System, 15
Hypersensitivity—Allergies, 18
Autoimmunity, 21
Immune Deficiency, 25
Vaccination, 28
Stress and the Immune System, 30
Age and the Immune System, 30
Resources, 30
Interactive Exercises, 31
3. Infectious Diseases, 34
Introduction, 36
Principles of Infectious Disease, 36
Transmission of Infectious Diseases, 37
Survey of Infectious Agents and Pathogenic Microorganisms, 38
Nosocomial Infections, 43
Treatment of Infectious Disease, 44
Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, 45
Common Childhood Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases, 47
Resources, 49
Diseases at a Glance, 50
Interactive Exercises, 52
4. Cancer, 56
Introduction, 58
Classification of Cancer, 58
Biology of Cancer, 59
Etiology of Cancer, 60
Human Cancers by Organ Site, 62
Cancer Screening, Early Diagnosis, and Prevention, 74
Resources, 74
Diseases at a Glance, 76
Interactive Exercises, 84
5. Heredity and Disease, 88
Introduction, 90
Transmission of Hereditary Diseases, 92
Abnormal Chromosome Diseases, 97
Sex Anomalies, 98
Genetic Counseling, 99
Congenital Diseases, 100
Resources, 101
Diseases at a Glance, 102
Interactive Exercises, 106
Part II. Diseases of the Systems, 109
6. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System, 110
The Circulatory System, 112
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures for Cardiac Disorders, 117
Cardiovascular Disease, 117
Congestive Heart Failure, 132
Shock, 132
Heart Disease in Infants and Children, 133
Resources, 137
Diseases at a Glance, 138
Interactive Exercises, 146
7. Diseases of the Blood, 150
Introduction, 152
Diagnostic Tests for Diseases of the Blood, 152
Anemia, 152
Disorders of Hemostasis, 157
Hereditary Disorders, 159
White Blood Cells, 160
Resources, 161
Diseases at a Glance, 162
Interactive Exercises, 166
8. Diseases of the Respiratory System, 170
Structure and Function of the Respiratory System, 172
Common Symptoms of Respiratory Disease, 173
Diagnostic Procedures for Respiratory Diseases, 174
Upper Respiratory Diseases, 174
Lower Respiratory Diseases, 179
Age-Related Diseases, 190
Resources, 191
Diseases at a Glance, 192
Interactive Exercises, 194
9. Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System, 198
The Gastrointestinal System, 200
General Disorders of the Digestive Tract, 200
Diseases of the Mouth, 203
Diseases of the Esophagus, 204
Diseases of the Stomach, 205
Diseases of the Intestines, 209
Diseases Indicated by Stool Characteristics, 214
Functions of the Liver and the Gallbladder, 215
Diseases of the Liver, 215
Diseases of the Gallbladder, 219
Structure and Function of the Pancreas, 220
Diseases of the Pancreas, 221
Age-Related Diseases, 222
Resources, 223
Diseases at a Glance, 224
Interactive Exercises, 230
10. Diseases of the Urinary System, 234
Functions of the Kidney, 236
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures, 236
Diseases of the Kidney, 239
Diseases of Urinary Bladder and Urethra, 249
Age-Related Diseases, 252
Resources, 253
Diseases at a Glance, 254
Interactive Exercises, 258
11. Diseases and Disorders of the Reproductive System, 262
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System, 264
Physiology of the Female Reproductive System, 265
Diagnostic Procedures, 266
Diseases of the Female Reproductive System, 266
Benign Conditions of the Breast, 271
Menstrual Disorders, 271
Disorders of Pregnancy, 274
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System, 275
Physiology of the Male Reproductive System, 276
Diagnostic Procedures, 277
Diseases of the Male Reproductive System, 277
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 279
Female Age-Related Diseases, 284
Male Age-Related Diseases, 285
Resources, 287
Diseases at a Glance, 288
Interactive Exercises, 298
12. Diseases of the Endocrine System, 302
Introduction, 304
Structure and Function of the Pituitary Gland, 305
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary, 306
Diagnostic Procedures for Endocrine Diseases, 307
Diseases of the Anterior Pituitary, 308
Hypofunction of the Posterior Pituitary, 310
Structure and Function of the Thyroid Gland, 311
Diseases of the Thyroid Gland, 313
Structure and Function of the Adrenal Glands, 315
Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex, 316
Diseases of the Adrenal Medulla, 318
Structure and Function of the Parathyroids, 318
Diseases of the Parathyroid Gland, 319
Endocrine Function of the Pancreas, 320
Hyposecretion of the Pancreas, 321
Abnormalities in Secretion of Sex Hormones, 325
Age-Related Diseases, 326
Resources, 327
Diseases at a Glance, 328
Interactive Exercises, 332
13. Diseases of the Nervous System and the Special Senses, 336
Structural Organization of the Nervous System, 338
Diagnostic Procedures for the Nervous System, 341
Diseases of the Nervous System, 342
Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System, 343
Degenerative Neural Diseases, 349
Convulsions, 353
Developmental Errors or Malformations, 354
Brain Injury, 356
Stroke or Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), 357
Traumatic Disorders, 359
Brain Tumors, 360
Cranial Nerve Disease, 361
Pain, 362
Diseases of Special Senses: Eye and Ear, 366
Age-Related Diseases, 377
Resource, 377
Diseases at a Glance, 378
Interactive Exercises, 384
14. Mental Illness and Cognitive Disorders, 388
Mental Illness, 390
Causes of Mental Illness, 390
Diagnostic Tests for Mental Illness, 392
Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence, 392
Developmental Disorders, 394
Substance Abuse Disorders, 395
Schizophrenia, 397
Mood Disorders, 398
Anxiety Disorders, 401
Eating Disorders, 402
Personality Disorders, 403
Suicide, 405
Age-Related Disorders, 405
Resources, 405
Diseases at a Glance, 406
Interactive Exercises, 410
15. Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System, 414
Interaction of Bones, Joints, and Muscles, 416
Structure and Function of Bone, Joints, and Muscle, 416
Diagnostic Tests for Musculoskeletal Diseases, 418
Diseases of Bone, 418
Diseases of the Joints, 424
Diseases of the Muscles, 428
Age-Related Diseases, 429
Resources, 429
Diseases at a Glance, 430
Interactive Exercises, 434
16. Diseases of the Integumentary System, 438
Functions of the Skin, 440
Structure of the Skin, 440
Diagnostic Procedures for Skin Diseases, 440
Skin Lesions, 440
Epidermoid and Pilar Cysts, 441
Drug Eruptions, 443
Infectious Skin Diseases, 443
Hypersensitivity, or Immune Disorders of the Skin, 451
Benign Tumors, 454
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer, 456
Sebaceous Gland Disorders, 457
Pigment Disorders, 458
Skin Trauma, 460
Age-Related Diseases, 463
Resources, 465
Diseases at a Glance, 466
Interactive Exercises, 472
Appendix A. Glossary, A-1
Appendix B. Answers to Interactive Exercises, A-21
Appendix C. Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, A-35
Index, I-1

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