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Copyright, ii
Preface, xi
About the Authors, xiv
Chapter 0. Introduction to Computing, 1
Section 0.1. Numbering and Coding Systems, 2
Section 0.2. Digital Primer, 9
Section 0.3. Inside the Computer, 13
Chapter 1. The x86 Microprocessor, 23
Section 1.1. Brief History of the x86 Family, 24
Section 1.2. Inside the 8088/86, 27
Section 1.3. Introduction to Assembly Programming, 30
Section 1.4. Introduction to Program Segments, 33
Section 1.5. The Stack, 39
Section 1.6. Flag Register, 43
Section 1.7. x86 Addressing Modes, 46
Chapter 2. Assembly Language Programming, 55
Section 2.1. Directives and a Sample Program, 56
Section 2.2. Assemble, Link, and Run a Program, 60
Section 2.3. More Sample Programs, 63
Section 2.4. Control Transfer Instructions, 68
Section 2.5. Data Types and Data Definition, 72
Section 2.6. Full Segment Definition, 77
Section 2.7. Flowcharts and Pseudocode, 83
Chapter 3. Arithmetic and Logic Instructions and Programs, 91
Section 3.1. Unsigned Addition and Subtraction, 92
Section 3.2. Unsigned Multiplication and Division, 98
Section 3.3. Logic Instructions, 102
Section 3.4. BCD and ASCII Conversion, 111
Section 3.5. Rotate Instructions, 118
Section 3.6. Bitwise Operators in the C Language, 121
Chapter 4. INT 21H and INT 10H Programming and Macros, 129
Section 4.1. BIOS INT 10H Programming, 130
Section 4.2. DOS Interrupt 21H, 137
Section 4.3. What Is a Macro and How Is It Used?, 147
Chapter 5. Keyboard and Mouse Programming, 161
Section 5.1. INT 16H Keyboard Programming, 162
Section 5.2. Mouse Programming with INT 33H, 166
Chapter 6. Signed Numbers, Strings, and Tables, 175
Section 6.1. Signed Number Arithmetic Operations, 176
Section 6.2. String and Table Operations, 186
Chapter 7. Modules and Modular Programming, 195
Section 7.1. Writing and Linking Modules, 196
Section 7.2. Some Very Useful Modules, 205
Section 7.3. Passing Parameters among Modules, 211
Chapter 8. 32-Bit Programming for x86, 217
Section 8.1. 32-Bit Programming in x86, 218
Chapter 9. 8088, 80286 Microprocessors and ISA Bus, 227
Section 9.1. 8088 Microprocessor, 228
Section 9.2. 8284 and 8288 Supporting Chips, 233
Section 9.3. 8-Bit Section of ISA Bus, 238
Section 9.4. 80286 Microprocessor, 242
Section 9.5. 16-Bit ISA Bus, 246
Chapter 10. Memory and Memory Interfacing, 255
Section 10.1. Semiconductor Memories, 256
Section 10.2. Memory Address Decoding, 265
Section 10.3. IBM PC Memory Map, 269
Section 10.4. Data Integrity in RAM and ROM, 273
Section 10.5. 16-Bit Memory Interfacing, 278
Chapter 11. 8255 I/O Programming, 289
Section 11.1. 8088 Input/Output Instructions, 290
Section 11.2. I/O Address Decoding and Design, 292
Section 11.3. I/O Address Map of x86 PCs, 294
Section 11.4. Programming and Interfacing the 8255, 299
Chapter 12. Interfacing to LCD, Motor, ADC, and Sensor, 315
Section 12.1. Interfacing to an LCD, 316
Section 12.2. Interfacing to a Stepper Motor, 326
Section 12.3. Interfacing to a DAC, 332
Section 12.4. Interfacing to ADC Chips and Sensors, 336
Chapter 13. 8253/54 Timer, 349
Section 13.1. 8253/54 Timer, 350
Section 13.2. x86 PC 8253/54 Timer Connection and Programming, 354
Section 13.3. Generating Music on the x86 PC, 359
Chapter 14. Interrupts in x86 PC, 367
Section 14.1. 8088/86 Interrupts, 368
Section 14.2. x86 PC and Interrupt Assignment, 374
Section 14.3. 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller, 377
Section 14.4. Use of the 8259 Chip in x86 PCs, 387
Section 14.5. More on Interrupts in x86 PCs, 393
Chapter 15. Direct Memory Access and DMA Channels in x86 PC, 401
Section 15.1. Concept of DMA, 402
Section 15.2. 8237 DMA Chip Programming, 404
Section 15.3. 8237 DMA Interfacing in the IBM PC, 413
Section 15.4. DMA in x86 PCs, 417
Chapter 16. Video and Video Adapters, 423
Section 16.1. Principles of Monitors and Video Modes, 424
Section 16.2. Text Mode Programming and Video Ram, 433
Section 16.3. Graphics and Graphics Programming, 440
Chapter 17. Serial Port Programming with Assembly and C#, 447
Section 17.1. Basics of Serial Communication, 448
Section 17.2. Programming x86 PC Com Ports Using Assembly and C#, 455
Chapter 18. Keyboard and Printer Interfacing, 463
Section 18.1. Interfacing the Keyboard to the Cpu, 464
Section 18.2. PC Keyboard Interfacing and Programming, 468
Section 18.3. Printer and Printer Interfacing in the IBM PC, 478
Chapter 19. Hard Disks, 491
Section 19.1. Hard Disk Organization and Performance, 492
Chapter 20. The IEEE Floating Point and x87 Math Processors, 503
Section 20.1. Math Coprocessor and IEEE Floating-Point Standards, 504
Section 20.2. x87 Instructions and Programming, 508
Section 20.3. x87 Instructions, 519
Chapter 21. 386 Microprocessor: Real vs. Protected Mode, 529
Section 21.1. 80386 in Real Mode, 530
Section 21.2. 80386: A Hardware View, 539
Section 21.3. 80386 Protected Mode, 545
Chapter 22. High-Speed Memory Design and Cache, 559
Section 22.1. Memory Cycle Time of the x86, 560
Section 22.2. Page and Static Column Drams, 562
Section 22.3. Cache Memory, 570
Section 22.4. SDRAM, DDR RAM, and RAMBUS Memories, 578
Chapter 23. Pentium and Risc Processors, 589
Section 23.1. The 80486 Microprocessor, 590
Section 23.2. Intel’s Pentium, 596
Section 23.3. Risc Architecture, 602
Section 23.4. Pentium Pro Processor, 609
Section 23.5. Mmx Technology, 613
Chapter 24. The Evolution of x86: From 32-Bit to 64-Bit, 625
Section 24.1. x86 Pentium Evolution, 626
Section 24.2. 64-Bit Processors and Vista for x86, 632
Chapter 25. System Design Issues and Failure Analysis, 637
Section 25.1. Overview of IC Technology, 638
Section 25.2. IC Interfacing and System Design Issues, 644
Chapter 26. ISA, PC104, and PCI Buses, 659
Section 26.1. ISA Bus Memory Signals, 660
Section 26.2. I/O Bus Timing in ISA Bus, 668
Section 26.3. PCI Bus, 676
Chapter 27. USB Port Programming, 687
Section 27.1. USB Ports: An Overview, 688
Section 27.2. USB Port Expansion and Power Management, 689
Section 27.3. USB Port Programming, 694
Appendix A. Debug Programming, 699
Section A.1. Entering and Exiting Debug, 700
Section A.2. Examining and Altering Registers, 700
Section A.3. Coding and Running Programs in Debug, 702
Section A.4. Data Manipulation in Debug, 706
Section A.5. Examining/Altering the Flag Register in Debug, 710
Appendix B. x86 Instructions Description, 715
Section B.1. The 8086 Instruction Set, 716
Appendix C. Assembler Directives and Naming Rules, 739
Section C.1. x86 Assembler Directives, 740
Section C.2. Rules for Labels and Reserved Names, 750
Appendix D. Interrupt Calls and Legacy Software, 753
Section D.1. 21H Interrupts, 754
Section D.2. Mouse Interrupts 33H, 756
Section D.3. INT 10H, 759
Section D.4. INT 12H, 765
Section D.5. INT 14H, 765
Section D.6. INT 16H -- Keyboard, 767
Section D.7. INT 1AH, 770
Appendix E. I/O Address Map, 773
Section E.1. Original 80286 IBM PC I/O Address Map, 773
Section E.2. Dell x86 PC I/O Address Map, 774
Appendix F. ASCII Codes, 777
Index, 779

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