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Copyright, ii
Preface, xiii
The William Stallings Books on Computer, IFC-1
And Data Communications Technology, IFC-2
Chapter 0. Reader’s Guide, 1
0.1. Outline of This Book, 2
0.2. A Roadmap for Readers and Instructors, 3
0.3. Internet and Web Resources, 4
Part One. Background, 6
Chapter 1. Computer System Overview, 7
1.1. Basic Elements, 8
1.2. Processor Registers, 9
1.3. Instruction Execution, 12
1.4. Interrupts, 15
1.5. The Memory Hierarchy, 26
1.6. Cache Memory, 29
1.7. I/O Communication Techniques, 33
1.8. Recommended Reading and Web Sites, 36
1.9. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 37
Appendix 1A Performance Characteristics of Two-Level Memories, 39
Appendix 1B Procedure Control, 46
Chapter 2. Operating System Overview, 50
2.1. Operating System Objectives and Functions, 51
2.2. The Evolution of Operating Systems, 55
2.3. Major Achievements, 64
2.4. Developments Leading to Modern Operating Systems, 77
2.5. Microsoft Windows Overview, 80
2.6. Traditional UNIX Systems, 90
2.7. Modern UNIX Systems, 93
2.8. Linux, 94
2.9. Recommended Reading and Web Sites, 101
2.10. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 103
Part Two. Processes, 105
Chapter 3. Process Description and Control, 107
3.1. What Is a Process?, 108
3.2. Process States, 111
3.3. Process Description, 126
3.4. Process Control, 135
3.5. Execution of the Operating System, 140
3.6. Security Issues, 143
3.7. UNIX SVR4 Process Management, 147
3.8. Summary, 152
3.9. Recommended Reading, 153
3.10. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 153
Programming Project One Developing a Shell, 157
Chapter 4. Threads, SMP, and Microkernels, 160
4.1. Processes and Threads, 161
4.2. Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP), 175
4.3. Microkernels, 179
4.4. Windows Vista Thread and SMP Management, 185
4.5. Solaris Thread and SMP Management, 190
4.6. Linux Process and Thread Management, 195
4.7. Summary, 198
4.8. Recommended Reading, 199
4.9. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 200
Chapter 5. Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization, 205
5.1. Principles of Concurrency, 207
5.2. Mutual Exclusion: Hardware Support, 216
5.3. Semaphores, 219
5.4. Monitors, 232
5.5. Message Passing, 239
5.6. Readers/Writers Problem, 245
5.7. Summary, 249
5.8. Recommended Reading, 250
5.9. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 251
Chapter 6. Concurrency: Deadlock and Starvation, 262
6.1. Principles of Deadlock, 263
6.2. Deadlock Prevention, 272
6.3. Deadlock Avoidance, 273
6.4. Deadlock Detection, 279
6.5. An Integrated Deadlock Strategy, 281
6.6. Dining Philosophers Problem, 282
6.7. UNIX Concurrency Mechanisms, 286
6.8. Linux Kernel Concurrency Mechanisms, 289
6.9. Solaris Thread Synchronization Primitives, 295
6.10. Windows Concurrency Mechanisms, 298
6.11. Summary, 302
6.12. Recommended Reading, 302
6.13. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 303
Part Three. Memory, 309
Chapter 7. Memory Management, 311
7.1. Memory Management Requirements, 312
7.2. Memory Partitioning, 315
7.3. Paging, 326
7.4. Segmentation, 330
7.5. Security Issues, 331
7.6. Summary, 335
7.7. Recommended Reading, 335
7.8. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 336
Appendix 7A Loading and Linking, 338
Chapter 8. Virtual Memory, 345
8.1. Hardware and Control Structures, 346
8.2. Operating System Software, 365
8.3. UNIX and Solaris Memory Management, 383
8.4. Linux Memory Management, 389
8.5. Windows Memory Management, 391
8.6. Summary, 394
8.7. Recommended Reading and Web Sites, 395
8.8. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 396
Appendix 8A Hash Tables, 400
Part Four. Scheduling, 404
Chapter 9. Uniprocessor Scheduling, 405
9.1. Types of Processor Scheduling, 406
9.2. Scheduling Algorithms, 410
9.3. Traditional UNIX Scheduling, 432
9.4. Summary, 434
9.5. Recommended Reading, 434
9.6. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 435
Appendix 9A Response Time, 438
Appendix 9B Queuing Systems, 440
Programming Project Two The HOST Dispatcher Shell, 447
Chapter 10. Multiprocessor and Real-Time Scheduling, 452
10.1. Multiprocessor Scheduling, 453
10.2. Real-Time Scheduling, 466
10.3. Linux Scheduling, 481
10.4. UNIX SVR4 Scheduling, 485
10.5. Windows Scheduling, 487
10.6. Summary, 490
10.7. Recommended Reading, 490
10.8. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 491
Part Five. Input/Output and Files, 494
Chapter 11. I/O Management and Disk Scheduling, 495
11.1. I/O Devices, 496
11.2. Organization of the I/O Function, 497
11.3. Operating System Design Issues, 501
11.4. I/O Buffering, 504
11.5. Disk Scheduling, 507
11.6. RAID, 514
11.7. Disk Cache, 523
11.8. UNIX SVR4 I/O, 526
11.9. Linux I/O, 529
11.10. Windows I/O, 533
11.11. Summary, 536
11.12. Recommended Reading, 536
11.13. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 538
Appendix 11A Disk Storage Devices, 540
Chapter 12. File Management, 551
12.1. Overview, 552
12.2. File Organization and Access, 558
12.3. File Directories, 562
12.4. File Sharing, 567
12.5. Record Blocking, 568
12.6. Secondary Storage Management, 570
12.7. File System Security, 578
12.8. UNIX File Management, 580
12.9. Linux Virtual File System, 587
12.10. Windows File System, 591
12.11. Summary, 597
12.12. Recommended Reading, 597
12.13. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 598
Part Six. Embedded Systems, 601
Chapter 13. Embedded Operating Systems, 602
13.1. Embedded Systems, 603
13.2. Characteristics of Embedded Operating Systems, 605
13.3. ECOS, 607
13.4. TinyOS, 622
13.5. Recommended Reading and Web Sites, 631
13.6. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 632
Part Seven. Security, 634
Chapter 14. Computer Security Threats, 635
14.1. Computer Security Concepts, 636
14.2. Threats, Attacks, and Assets, 638
14.3. Intruders, 643
14.4. Malicious Software Overview, 647
14.5. Viruses, Worms, and Bots, 651
14.6. Rootkits, 661
14.7. Recommended Readings and Web Sites, 663
14.8. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 664
Chapter 15. Computer Security Techniques, 667
15.1. Authentication, 668
15.2. Access Control, 675
15.3. Intrusion Detection, 680
15.4. Malware Defense, 686
15.5. Dealing with Buffer Overflow Attacks, 692
15.6. Windows Vista Security, 697
15.7. Recommended Readings and Web Sites, 701
15.8. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 703
Part Eight. Distributed Systems, 707
Chapter 16. Distributed Processing, Client/Server, and Clusters, 710
16.1. Client/Server Computing, 711
16.2. Distributed Message Passing, 722
16.3. Remote Procedure Calls, 724
16.4. Clusters, 728
16.5. Windows Cluster Server, 733
16.6. Sun Cluster, 735
16.7. Beowulf and Linux Clusters, 738
16.8. Summary, 740
16.9. Recommended Reading, 740
16.10. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 742
Appendices, 744
Appendix A. Topics in Concurrency, 744
A.1. Mutual Exclusion: Software Approaches, 745
A.2. Race Conditions and Semaphores, 751
A.3. A Barbershop Problem, 758
A.4. Problems, 764
Appendix B. Object-Oriented Design, 765
B.1. Motivation, 766
B.2. Object-Oriented Concepts, 767
B.3. Benefits of Object-Oriented Design, 772
B.4. CORBA, 772
B.5. Recommended Reading and Web Site, 776
Appendix C. Programming and Operating System Projects, 777
C.1. Animations and Animation Projects, 778
C.2. Simulations, 779
C.3. Programming Projects, 780
C.4. Research Projects, 782
C.5. Reading/Report Assignments, 782
C.6. Writing Assignments, 782
C.7. Discussion Topics, 783
C.8. BACI and Nachos, 783
Chapter 17. Networking, 17-1
17.1. The Need for a Protocol Architecture, 17-3
17.2. The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture, 17-5
17.3. Sockets, 17-12
17.4. Linux Networking, 17-16
17.5. Summary, 17-18
17.6. Recommended Reading and Web Sites, 17-18
17.7. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 17-19
Appendix 17A The Trivial File Transfer Protocol, 17-21
Chapter 18. Distributed Process Management, 18-1
18.1. Process Migration, 18-2
18.2. Distributed Global States, 18-8
18.3. Distributed Mutual Exclusion, 18-13
18.4. Distributed Deadlock, 18-24
18.5. Summary, 18-34
18.6. Recommended Reading, 18-34
18.7. Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems, 18-35
Appendix D. The Complexity of Algorithms, D-1
Appendix E. Standards Organizations, E-1
E.1. The Importance of Standards, E-2
E.2. Standards and Regulation, E-3
E.3. Standards-Setting Organizations, E-4
Appendix F. Cryptographic Algorithms, F-1
F.1. Symmetric Encryption, F-2
F.2. Public-Key Cryptography, F-4
F.3. Secure Hash Functions, F-7
Appendix G. The International Reference Alphabet, G-1
Appendix H. BACI: The Ben-Ari Concurrent Programming System, H-1
H.1. Introduction, H-2
H.2. BACI, H-2
H.3. Examples of BACI Programs, H-5
H.4. BACI Projects, H-9
H.5. Enhancements to the BACI System, H-12
Appendix I. Sockets: A Programmer’s Introduction, I-1
C.1. Sockets, Socket Descriptors, Ports, and Connections, I-3
C.2. The Client/Server Model of Communication, I-4
C.3. Sockets Elements, I-5
C.4. Stream and Datagram Sockets, I-22
C.5. Run-Time Program Control, I-25
C.6. Remote Execution of a Windows Console Application, I-30
Glossary, 785
References, 795
Index, 813
Acronyms, IBC-1

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