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Copyright, ii
Preface, xi
1. Introduction to Computing and Engineering Problem Solving, 2
1.1. Historical Perspective, 3
1.2. Recent Engineering Achievements, 7
Changing Engineering Environment, 9
1.3. Computing Systems, 11
Computer Hardware, 11
Computer Software, 12
1.4. Data Representation and Storage, 16
Number Systems, 17
Data Types and Storage, 23
1.5. An Engineering Problem-Solving Methodology, 26
Summary, 29
2. Simple C++ Programs, 34
Engineering Challenge: Global Change, 34
2.1. Program Structure, 35
2.2. Constants and Variables, 39
Scientific Notation, 41
Numeric Data Types, 42
Boolean Data Type, 44
Character Data Type, 44
String Data, 46
Symbolic Constants, 47
2.3. C++ Operators, 47
Assignment Operator, 47
Arithmetic Operators, 49
Precedence of Operators, 51
Overflow and Underflow, 54
Increment and Decrement Operators, 55
Abbreviated Assignment Operators, 55
2.4. Standard Input and Output, 57
The cout Object, 57
Stream Objects, 58
Manipulators, 60
The cin Object, 63
2.5. Numerical Technique: Linear Interpolation, 65
2.6. Problem Solving Applied: Freezing Temperature of Seawater, 69
2.7. Basic Functions Included in the C++ Standard Library, 73
Elementary Math Functions, 74
Trigonometric Functions, 75
Hyperbolic Functions*, 76
Character Functions, 78
2.8. Problem Solving Applied: Velocity Computation, 78
2.9. System Limitations, 82
Summary, 83
3. Control Structures, 92
Engineering Challenge: Data Collection, 92
3.1. Algorithm Development, 93
Top-Down Design, 93
Structured Programming, 94
Refinement in Pseudocode, 95
Evaluation of Alternative Solutions, 98
3.2. Conditional Expressions, 98
Relational Operators, 98
Logical Operators, 99
Precedence and Associativity, 101
3.3. Selection Statements, 102
Simple if Statements, 102
if/else Statement, 104
switch Statement, 108
3.4. Loop Structures, 111
while Loop, 111
do/while Loop, 114
for Loop, 116
break and continue Statements, 120
Structuring Input Loops, 121
3.5. Problem Solving Applied: Weather Balloons, 125
Summary, 130
4. Working with Data Files, 138
Engineering Challenge: Weather Prediction, 138
4.1. Defining File Streams, 139
Stream Class Hierarchy, 139
ifstream Class, 142
ofstream Class, 144
4.2. Reading Data Files, 145
Specified Number of Records, 146
Trailer or Sentinel Signals, 148
End-of-File, 150
4.3. Generating a Data File, 153
4.4. Problem Solving Applied: Data Filters—Modifying an HTML File, 156
4.5. Error Checking, 159
The Stream State, 161
4.6. Numerical Technique: Linear Modeling*, 166
4.7. Problem Solving Applied: Ozone Measurements*, 169
Summary, 175
5. Modular Programming with Functions, 182
Engineering Challenge: Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery, 182
5.1. Modularity, 183
5.2. Programmer-Defined Functions, 185
Function Definition, 186
Solution 1, 190
Solution 2, 191
Function Prototype, 194
5.3. Parameter Passing, 195
Pass by Value, 196
Pass by Reference, 198
Storage Class and Scope, 204
5.4. Problem Solving Applied: Calculating a Center of Gravity, 206
5.5. Random Numbers, 210
Integer Sequences, 210
Floating-Point Sequences, 214
5.6. Problem Solving Applied: Instrumentation Reliability, 215
5.7. Numerical Technique: Roots of Polynomials*, 222
Polynomial Roots, 222
Incremental-Search Technique, 224
5.8. Problem Solving Applied: System Stability*, 226
Newton–Raphson Method*, 232
5.9. Numerical Technique: Integration*, 236
Integration Using the Trapezoidal Rule, 236
Summary, 240
6. One-Dimensional Arrays, 250
Engineering Challenge: Hurricane Tracking, 250
6.1. Arrays, 251
Definition and Initialization, 252
Computation and Output, 256
Function Arguments, 260
6.2. Problem Solving Applied: Hurricane Categories, 263
6.3. Statistical Measurements, 269
Simple Analysis, 269
Variance and Standard Deviation, 271
Custom Header Files, 274
6.4. Problem Solving Applied: Speech Signal Analysis, 274
6.5. Sorting Algorithms, 280
Selection Sort, 281
6.6. Search Algorithms, 282
Unordered Lists, 283
Ordered Lists, 283
6.7. Character Strings, 285
C Style String Definition and I/O, 285
String Functions, 288
6.8. Problem Solving Applied: Palindromes, 289
6.9. The string Class, 293
Summary, 295
7. Two-Dimensional Arrays and Matrices, 300
Engineering Challenge: Terrain Navigation, 300
7.1. Two-Dimensional Arrays, 301
Declaration and Initialization, 302
Computations and Output, 306
Function Arguments, 308
7.2. Problem Solving Applied: Terrain Navigation, 311
7.3. Matrices*, 316
Determinant, 316
Transpose, 317
Matrix Addition and Subtraction, 318
Matrix Multiplication, 318
7.4. Numerical Technique: Solution to Simultaneous Equations*, 321
Graphical Interpretation, 321
Gauss Elimination, 323
7.5. Problem Solving Applied: Electrical Circuit Analysis*, 327
7.6. Higher Dimensional Arrays*, 333
Summary, 335
8. An Introduction to Classes, 342
Engineering Challenge: Simulation, 342
8.1. Programmer Defined Types, 343
8.2. Design and Implementation of Classes, 345
Class Declaration, 345
Class Implementation, 347
8.3. Class Composition, 353
8.4. Constructors, 357
Initialization Lists, 361
8.5. The vector class, 364
Parameter Passing, 366
8.6. Problem Solving Applied: Calculating probabilities, 368
8.7. private Methods, 381
Class Objects as Arguments to Member Functions, 384
8.8. Problem Solving Applied: Design of Composite Materials, 385
Summary, 392
9. An Introduction to Pointers, 396
Engineering Challenge: Weather Patterns, 396
9.1. Addresses and Pointers, 397
Address Operator, 398
Pointer Assignment, 400
Pointer Arithmetic, 403
9.2. Pointers to Array Elements, 406
One-Dimensional Arrays, 407
Character Strings, 409
Pointers as Function Arguments, 410
9.3. Problem Solving Applied: El Niño-Southern Oscillation Data, 415
9.4. Dynamic Memory Allocation, 418
The new Operator, 418
Dynamically Allocated Arrays, 420
The delete Operator, 420
9.5. Problem Solving Applied: Seismic Event Detection, 422
9.6. Common Errors Using new and delete, 428
9.7. Data Structures and the C++ Standard Template Library (STL), 430
The list class, 430
The stack class, 434
The queue class, 436
9.8. Problem Solving Applied: Concordance of a Text File*, 438
Summary, 444
10. Additional Topics in Programming with Classes, 450
Engineering Challenge: Artificial Intelligence, 450
10.1. Introduction to Generic Programming, 451
Function Templates, 452
Overloading Operators, 456
The pixel class, 456
Arithmetic Operators, 458
friend Functions, 463
10.2. Problem Solving Applied: Color Image Processing, 468
10.3. Recursion, 475
Factorial Function, 475
Fibonacci Sequence, 477
Binary Trees, 479
10.4. Class Templates, 490
10.5. Inheritance, 496
The Square class, 497
The Cube class, 502
10.6. virtual Methods, 504
10.7. Problem Solving Applied: Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma, 507
Summary, 516
Appendix A. C++ Standard Library, 521
Appendix B. ASCII Character Codes, 529
Appendix C. Using Matlab to Plot Data from ASCII Files, 533
C++ Program to Generate a Data File, 533
ASCII Data File Generated by the C++ Program, 534
Generating a Plot with MATLAB, 534
Appendix D. References, 536
Appendix E. PRACTICE! Solutions, 537
Index, 552

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