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The Ancient Near East, ii
Copyright, vi
Bibliographical Abbreviations, xiii
Maps, xv
Preface, xvii
Acknowledgments, xviii
1. The Book and Those Who Study It, 1
The Old Testament: What Is It?, 2
How It Began, 4
How It Developed, 6
The Work of Scholars, 9
Archaeology as a Tool for Understanding, 16
Why Study the Old Testament?, 22
Study Questions, 23
Endnotes, 23
2. The Geographical and Historical Settings for the Old Testament Prior to 1200 B.C.E., 25
The Ancient Near East, 26
Mesopotamia, 27
Asia Minor, 29
Egypt, 29
Syria-Phoenicia, 30
Palestine, 32
Study Questions, 39
Endnotes, 39
3. Israel Looks at the Beginnings, 41
The Primeval Complex, 42
The Ancestral Complex, 52
Genesis in Retrospect, 64
Study Questions, 65
Endnotes, 66
4. Israel Becomes a People: Exodus and Wilderness, 68
The Book of Israel’s Beginnings, 70
Moses: Birth and Wilderness Years, 71
Moses: The Struggle with the Pharaoh, 74
The Exodus Event, 80
Sinai and the Giving of the Law, 85
After Mount Sinai, 96
Themes in the Pentateuch, 102
Study Questions, 103
Endnotes, 104
5. Israel Gains a Home: Joshua and Judges, 106
Moving into the Promised Land, 107
Continuing the Story of Occupation, 116
Proposed Models for the Israelite Occupation of Canaan, 127
Study Questions, 128
Endnotes, 129
6. Israel Demands a King: Samuel and Saul, 131
The Sources for the Story of the Israelite Kingdoms, 132
The Story of Samuel, 133
The Establishment of Saul’s Kingship (1020–1000 B.C.E.), 139
The Appearance of David, 143
Samuel, Saul, and David: A Summary, 150
Study Questions, 150
Endnotes, 151
7. Israel’s Time of Glory: David and Solomon, 152
David: King Over Judah, 153
David: King Over All Israel, 154
The Court History of David, 156
The Reign of Solomon, 165
Study Questions, 175
Endnotes, 175
8. Israel Becomes Two: The Story of the Northern Kingdom, 177
Approaching the Divided-Kingdom Story, 178
The Division of the Kingdom, 179
The Dynasty of Omri, 182
Elijah’s Confrontations with Ahab and Jezebel, 186
Jehu to Jeroboam II (842–746 B.C.E.), 193
Israel’s Eighth-Century Prophets: Amos and Hosea, 194
The Destruction of the Northern Kingdom, 212
Study Questions, 212
Endnotes, 213
9. Judah: Rehoboam to Hezekiah (922–687 B.C.E.), 215
Judah After the Division, 216
The Eighth-Century Prophets from Judah, 218
Study Questions, 237
Endnotes, 238
10. Judah: Manasseh to Zedekiah and the Exile, 239
The International Situation, 240
The Situation in Judah, 240
King Jehoiakim and the Prophets Nahum and Habakkuk, 246
The Final Years of Judah and the Prophet Jeremiah, 250
Study Questions, 270
Endnotes, 270
11. The Exile: Judah’s Dark Night of the Soul, 272
After the Fall of Jerusalem, 273
With the Exiles in Babylon, 278
The Prophet of the Transition: Ezekiel, 280
The Collapse of the Babylonian Empire, 297
The Exiles’ Great Unknown Prophet: Isaiah 40–66, 298
Study Questions, 312
Endnotes, 313
12. The Post-Exilic Period: Judah Revived, 314
The Changing International Situation (538–486 B.C.E.), 315
The Restored Community, 315
Ezra and Nehemiah, 321
Study Questions, 328
Endnotes, 328
13. A Legacy of Israel: Teachers of Wisdom and Singers of Songs, 329
The Wisdom Literature, 330
Israel Sings Its Faith, 352
Study Questions, 364
Endnotes, 365
14. The Time of Silence: Judah in Eclipse, 367
The Historical Situation, 368
The Maccabean Revolt, 369
The Word of the LORD in Difficult Times, 370
Study Questions, 388
Endnotes, 388
15. Epilogue: The Continuing Story, 390
Life in Jewish Communities, 391
The Rise of Parties and Sects, 392
Literary Activity, 394
Judaism’s Oral Tradition, 397
The End of the Matter, 398
Study Questions, 398
Endnotes, 399
Glossary, 400
For Further Study, 409
Comprehensive Chronological Chart, 415
Credits, 419
Index, 421
The Middle East, EP-1

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