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Copyright, ii
To the Instructor, xvii
To the Student, xxiii
Introduction: Government, Politics, and the Policymaking Process, 1
Learning Outcomes, 1
The Importance of Government, 2
Government and Politics, 4
The Public Policy Approach, 5
Getting Involved: Government and You, 10
Textbook Organization—Combining American and Texas Government, 11
Chapter 1. A Changing America in a Changing World, 13
Learning Outcomes, 13
Political Culture, 15
The International Environment, 17
International Perspective: Democratization in Egypt, 18
The Demographic Environment, 20
The Economic Environment, 22
Getting Involved: A Changing Nation, Changing Communities, 23
Conclusion: The Cultural, International, and Socioeconomic Context for Policymaking, 27
Let’s Debate: The Changing Faces of the Democratic and Republican Parties, 29
Chapter 2. The American Constitution, 33
Learning Outcomes, 33
The Background of the Constitution, 35
Constitutional Principles, 40
The Living Constitution, 47
International Perspective: The British Parliamentary System, 48
The Constitution, Politics, and Public Policy, 51
Conclusion: The Constitutional Environment for Policymaking, 53
Getting Involved: Service Learning, 54
Let’s Debate: Constitutional Principles, 55
Chapter 3. The Federal System, 59
Learning Outcomes, 59
The Constitutional Basis of Federalism, 61
Federal Grant Programs, 69
International Perspective: Federalism in Germany, 72
Conclusion: Federalism and Public Policy, 74
Getting Involved: Federal Programs and You, 75
Let’s Debate: Federalism, Policy, and the States, 77
Chapter 4. Public Opinion, 81
Learning Outcomes, 81
Political Socialization, 83
Measuring Public Opinion, 89
Political Knowledge, 95
Support for Democratic Principles, 96
Political Trust and Political Legitimacy, 99
International Perspective: Support for Democracy and Voting Participation in China, 99
Political Efficacy, 100
Political Philosophy, 101
Conclusion: Public Opinion and Public Policy, 107
Getting Involved: Family Politics, 107
Let’s Debate: Media and Public Opinion, 109
Chapter 5. Political Participation, 115
Learning Outcomes, 115
Forms of Participation, 117
Explaining Participation, 118
Patterns of Participation, 120
Trends in Voter Turnout, 123
International Perspective: Compulsory Voting in Australia, 124
Participation Rates in Comparative Perspective, 129
Participation Bias, 131
Conclusion: Political Participation and Public Policy, 133
Getting Involved: Registering to Vote, 135
Let’s Debate: Electronic Voting: Helpful or Harmful?, 135
Chapter 6. The Media, 141
Learning Outcomes, 141
The Media Landscape, 142
Government Regulation of the News Media, 144
International Perspective: Government Control of the Media in Cuba, 145
Covering the News, 149
Media Biases, 150
Conclusion: The Media and Public Policy, 152
Let’s Debate: Media 6.0 vs. The Typewriter, 153
Chapter 7. Interest Groups, 157
Learning Outcomes, 157
Types of Interest Groups, 159
International Perspective: Agricultural Interest Groups and Rice Subsidies in Japan, 163
Interest Group Tactics, 167
The Strength of Interest Groups, 175
Conclusion: Interest Groups and Public Policy, 177
Let’s Debate: Interest Groups and Politics, 178
Chapter 8. Political Parties, 183
Learning Outcomes, 183
The Party System, 185
International Perspective: The Israeli Party System, 186
Party Organization, 187
The History of Parties in America, 188
The Party Balance, 194
Voting Patterns, 196
Issue Orientation, 200
Divided Government, 204
Conclusion: Political Parties and Public Policy, 206
Getting Involved: Party Politics at the Grassroots, 207
Let’s Debate: Are Party Conventions Irrelevant?, 208
Chapter 9. Elections, 213
Learning Outcomes, 213
Types of Elections, 215
Election Districts and Redistricting, 216
Election Campaigns, 220
Congressional Elections, 227
International Perspective: Legislative Elections in Brazil, 230
Presidential Elections, 231
The Voters Decide, 248
Conclusion: Elections and Public Policy, 250
Getting Involved: In-Person Politics, 250
Let’s Debate: The Internet and Campaign Revolution, 252
Chapter 10. Congress, 259
Learning Outcomes, 259
Bicameralism, 261
Membership, 262
Organization, 265
International Perspective: The Indian Parliament, 269
The Legislative Process, 273
Analyzing the Legislative Process, 284
Getting Involved: Sending E-mail to Your U.S. Representative, 290
Conclusion: Congress and Public Policy, 290
Let’s Debate: Congressional War Power, 291
Chapter 11. The Presidency, 297
Learning Outcomes, 297
The Constitutional Presidency, 299
The Development of the Modern Presidency, 310
The Organization of the Presidency, 313
International Perspective: The Russian Presidency, 315
Theories of Presidential Leadership, 317
Presidential Popularity, 321
The Presidency in Context, 324
Getting Involved: Why Do They Run?, 325
Conclusion: The Presidency and Public Policy, 326
Let’s Debate: Judicial Selection and Partisan Politics, 328
Chapter 12. The Federal Bureaucracy, 333
Learning Outcomes, 333
Organization of the Bureaucracy, 335
Personnel, 340
Rulemaking, 343
Politics and Administration, 345
Subgovernments and Issue Networks, 349
International Perspective: The Egyptian Bureaucracy, 350
Conclusion: The Federal Bureaucracy and Public Policy, 353
Getting Involved: Working for Uncle Sam, 354
Let’s Debate: 9/11 Commission, 355
Chapter 13. The Federal Courts, 359
Learning Outcomes, 359
Judicial Policymaking, 360
Political History of the Supreme Court, 361
The Federal Court System, 365
International Perspective: The Canadian Supreme Court, 377
Power, Politics, and the Courts, 381
Conclusion: The Courts and Public Policy, 383
Getting Involved: A Day in Court, 384
Let’s Debate: Congressional Control over the Judiciary, 385
Chapter 14. Economic Policymaking, 391
Learning Outcomes, 391
The Goals of Economic Policy, 393
International Perspective: Income Redistribution in South Africa, 396
Tax Revenues, 397
Budget Deficits and Surpluses, 404
Government Expenditures, 405
Fiscal Policymaking, 415
Monetary Policymaking, 418
Conclusion: Economic Policymaking, 419
Getting Involved: Tax Breaks for College Students, 421
Let’s Debate: Americans and Taxes, 422
Chapter 15. Regulatory Policymaking, 427
Learning Outcomes, 427
The History of Government Regulation in America, 428
International Perspective: Land Reform in Zimbabwe, 433
The Scope of Regulation, 436
The Pros and Cons of Regulation, 438
Getting Involved: Politics at the Movies, 440
Conclusion: Regulatory Policymaking, 441
Let’s Debate: Tobacco Regulation, 446
Chapter 16. Civil Liberties Policymaking, 451
Learning Outcomes, 451
The Constitutional Basis of Civil Liberties Policymaking, 453
Civil Liberties Issues and Policies, 454
International Perspective: Population Policy in China, 455
Getting Involved: Talking About Miranda, 476
Conclusion: Civil Liberties Policymaking, 477
Let’s Debate: Flag-Burning Amendment, 480
Chapter 17. Civil Rights Policymaking, 485
Learning Outcomes, 485
The Constitutional Basis of Civil Rights Policymaking, 486
Civil Rights Issues and Policies, 487
International Perspective: Racial and Ethnic Quotas in Malaysia, 504
Getting Involved: Voices from the Past, 507
Conclusion: Civil Rights Policymaking, 508
Let’s Debate: Hate Crimes Legislation, 512
Chapter 18. Foreign and Defense Policymaking, 517
Learning Outcomes, 517
The International Community, 519
The Ends and Means of American Foreign and Defense Policy, 521
The History of American Foreign Policy, 525
Foreign Policy, 533
Defense Policy, 536
International Perspective: Nuclear Weapons in Pakistan, 537
Conclusion: Foreign and Defense Policymaking, 541
Getting Involved: America in the Eyes of the World, 541
Let’s Debate: The “Clash of Civilizations”, 548
Chapter 19. The People, Economy, and Political Culture of Texas, 553
Learning Outcomes, 553
The People of Texas, 555
Internet Research: Foreign-Born Residents, 558
The Texas Economy, 559
Political Culture, 565
National Perspective: Legal Prostitution in Nevada, 566
Conclusion: The Socioeconomic Context of Policymaking, 567
Getting Involved: Volunteering, 568
Let’s Debate: Is Illegal Immigration Good or Bad for Texas?, 569
Chapter 20. Texas Constitution, 573
Learning Outcomes, 573
State Constitutions, 575
Getting Involved: Joining a Student Club or Organization, 576
Background of the Texas Constitution, 577
Constitutional Convention of 1875, 580
Overview of the Texas Constitution, 583
Internet Research: The Freedom of Worship Provision of the Texas Constitution, 583
Constitutional Change, 585
Individual Rights and the Texas Constitution, 590
National Perspective: Gay Marriage in Massachusetts, 591
Conclusion: The Constitutional Context of Policymaking in Texas, 593
Let’s Debate: Gay Marriage, 594
Chapter 21. The Federal Context of Texas Policymaking, 597
Learning Outcomes, 597
Role of the States in the Federal System, 598
National Perspective: Drilling for Oil in Alaska, 600
States, the Courts, and the Constitution, 601
Getting Involved: Contacting Your Representative in Washington, D.C., 603
States and Federal Law, 604
Federal Grant Programs, 607
Internet Research: Profile of a Grant, 612
Conclusion: The Federal Context of Policymaking in Texas, 613
Let’s Debate: Does Texas Law Restrict Access to Abortion Too Much or Not Enough?, 614
Chapter 22. Political Participation in Texas, 619
Learning Outcomes, 619
Voting Rights and Minority Participation, 622
Participation in Texas Politics, 626
National Perspective: Mail Voting in Oregon, 629
Internet Research: Tracking Election Turnout, 634
Conclusion: Participation and Policymaking, 636
Getting Involved: Become a Volunteer Deputy Voter Registrar, 637
Let’s Debate: Would the Adoption of the Initiative Process Enhance the Quality of Democracy in the State?, 638
Chapter 23. Interest Groups in Texas, 643
Learning Outcomes, 643
Interest Groups in Texas Politics, 645
Internet Research: Profile of an Interest Group, 649
Getting Involved: Joining a Group, 652
Interest Group Tactics, 655
National Perspective: Campaign Contribution Limits in Minnesota, 658
Conclusion: Interest Groups and Policymaking, 660
Let’s Debate: Would Public Funding of Elections Enhance the Quality of Democracy in the State?, 663
Chapter 24. Political Parties in Texas, 667
Learning Outcomes, 667
The Party System, 668
National Perspective: Minor Parties in New York, 669
Party Organization, 670
History of the Texas Party System, 673
Internet Research: Political Parties in Texas, 674
The Party Balance, 677
Voting Patterns, 679
Interest Group-Political Party Alliances, 680
Issue Orientation, 681
The Impact of Partisan Change, 686
Getting Involved: Volunteer to Support Your Political Party, 686
The Future of Party Politics in Texas, 687
Conclusion: Political Parties and Policymaking, 689
Let’s Debate: Do Religious Conservatives Have Too Much Influence in the Texas Republican Party?, 690
Chapter 25. Texas Elections, 695
Learning Outcomes, 695
The Long Ballot, 697
Types of Elections, 698
National Perspective: The Open Primary in Louisiana, 703
Election Districts, 705
Redistricting, 706
Internet Research: Legislative Districts and State House Elections, 713
Money, 714
Campaigns, 717
The Voters Decide, 719
Getting Involved: Campaigning, 722
Conclusion: Elections and Policymaking, 722
Let’s Debate: Should a Nonpartisan Commission Rather Than the Legislature Draw Legislative District Boundaries?, 724
Chapter 26. The Texas Legislature, 729
Learning Outcomes, 729
Structure, 731
Membership, 734
Organization, 738
National Perspective: Repealing Term Limits in Idaho, 739
The Legislative Process, 743
Internet Research: Tracking Legislation Online, 748
Legislative Policymaking, 748
Getting Involved: Contacting Your State Legislators, 753
Conclusion: The Legislature and the Policymaking Process, 754
Let’s Debate: Should the Texas Legislature Meet in Regular Session Every Year?, 755
Chapter 27. The Executive Branch in Texas, 759
Learning Outcomes, 759
The Governor, 761
Getting Involved: Forming a Study Group, 762
The Executive Bureaucracy, 772
Internet Research: Profile of a State Agency, 777
National Perspective: Electricity Deregulation in California, 781
Politics and Administration, 782
Conclusion: The Executive Branch and the Policymaking Process, 786
Let’s Debate: Should Texas Have a Cabinet System Rather Than the Plural Executive?, 787
Chapter 28. The Judicial Branch in Texas, 791
Learning Outcomes, 791
Types of Legal Disputes, 792
Court Procedures, 794
The Texas Court System, 796
Internet Research: Shirley Neeley v. West Orange-Cove Consolidated Independent School District, 802
Judges, 803
Judicial Selection, 804
National Perspective: Drug Courts in Florida, 811
Getting Involved: Volunteer to Become a Court Appointed Special Advocate, 813
Let’s Debate: Should State Judges Be Elected or Appointed?, 815
Chapter 29. City Government in Texas, 819
Learning Outcomes, 819
Legal Status of Texas Cities, 820
Forms of City Government, 823
Election Systems, 828
National Perspective: Municipal Elections in New York City, 830
Public Policies in Texas Cities, 831
Internet Research: Profile of a City Government, 833
Getting Involved: Contacting City Officials, 843
City Politics in Texas, 843
Conclusion: City Government and Policymaking, 845
Let’s Debate: Should Cities Use Tax Money to Build Sports Stadiums?, 845
Chapter 30. Texas Counties, School Districts, and Special Districts, 851
Learning Outcomes, 851
County Government, 853
National Perspective: Local Government Consolidation in Indiana, 864
School Districts, 864
Internet Research: Comparing School Districts, 872
Getting Involved: Helping a Child Learn, 874
Special Districts, 877
Conclusion: Local Government and Public Policy, 879
Let’s Debate: Do Basic Skills Tests Such as TAAS and TAKS Help or Harm Public Education?, 881
Chapter 31. Texas State Budget Policy, 885
Learning Outcomes, 885
Revenues, 886
National Perspective: The HOPE Scholarship in Georgia, 893
Expenditures, 901
Getting Involved: Appealing a Property Appraisal, 908
The Budget Process, 911
Conclusion: Budgetary Policymaking, 915
Internet Research: Trends in State Finance, 916
Let’s Debate: Is the Texas Tax System Fair or Unfair?, 920
Appendix, 925
Glossary, 949
Photo Credits, 967
Index, 969
Practice Tests, T-1

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