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Copyright, ii
To the Instructor, xi
To the Student, xiv
Part One. Basic Principles in Experimental Psychology, 1
1. An Introduction to Scientific Inquiry, 3
The Topics of Experimental Psychology, 3
Science, 5
Facts, Theories, and Speculation, 9
Psychological Science, 9
The Scientific Method, 10
Experimental Design, 12
Applying Assumptions of the Scientific Method to Experimental Psychology, 13
The Psychological Experiment, 17
Development of Hypotheses in Experimental Psychology, 17
Other Research Methods, 19
Observation Methods, 19
Archival Research, 25
Correlational Studies, 27
Survey Research Methods, 29
A Final Note, 30
2. The Psychological Literature: Reading for Understanding and as a Source of Research Ideas, 31
Ideas, Hunches, and the Psychological Literature, 31
Using the Internet, 33
Electronic Databases: Indexes, Abstracts, Full Text, 33
Reading and Understanding Psychological Articles, 35
A Form for Recording Articles, 36
A Final Note, 36
3. Basic Experimental Design in Psychology, 38
The Logic of Experimental Psychology, 38
Operational Definitions, 39
Independent and Dependent Variables, 43
Experimental and Control Groups, 47
A Final Note, 52
4. Advanced Design Techniques, 53
Factorial Designs, 54
Quasi-Experimental Designs, 65
Functional Designs, 67
Additional Considerations: Generalization of Results, 73
A Final Note, 74
5. Experimental Design and Control, 75
Controlled Contrasts, 75
Scientific Inferences, 76
Types of Control, 76
Experimental Paradigms, 79
Use of Treatment and Control Groups, 86
A Final Note, 96
6. Control of Subject Variables, 97
Equality of Subjects in Treatment Groups, 97
Random Assignment, 98
Matching Subjects, 101
Within-Subjects Control, 104
Subject Loss (Attrition), 106
A Final Note, 109
7. Design Critiques, 110
Experiment Briefs, 113
A Final Note, 120
8. Ethics of Experimental Research, 121
Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, 122
Research with Humans, 127
Case Studies, 129
A Final Note, 134
9. The Research Process, 135
Doing Research, 135
Writing a Research Paper, 146
Reporting Data, 155
Sample Manuscript, 160
Submitting Your Manuscript, 168
Poster Sessions at Professional Meetings, 168
A Final Note, 172
Part Two. Analysis of Experiments, 173
10. Cola Tasting, 179
Introduction, 179
Special Issues: Control Problems, 179
Identification of Cola Beverages, 182
Analysis, 182
Questions, 188
11. Territoriality in Parking Lots, 189
Introduction, 189
Special Issues: Field-Based Studies, 189
Territorial Defense in Parking Lots: Retaliation against Waiting Drivers, 192
Questions, 204
12. Fanning Old Flames, 205
Introduction, 205
Fanning Old Flames: Arousing Romantic Obsessions Through Thought Suppression, 206
Analysis, 206
Questions, 211
13. Picture Memory, 212
Introduction, 212
Comprehension and Memory for Pictures, 213
Analysis, 213
Questions, 227
14. Hormones and Toy Preferences, 228
Introduction, 228
Special Issues: Selection of Subjects as a Source of Independent Variables, 228
Early Androgens are Related to Childhood Sex-typed Toy Preferences, 230
Analysis, 230
Questions, 241
15. Maternal Behavior, 242
Introduction, 242
Special Issues: The Use of Animals in Psychological Research, 243
Maternal Behavior Induced by Maternal Blood Plasma Injected into Virgin Rats, 244
Analysis, 245
Questions, 252
16. Children’s Reasoning, 254
Introduction, 254
How Special Are Objects? Children’s Reasoning About Objects, Parts, and Holes, 255
Questions, 264
17. Creative Porpoise, 265
Introduction, 265
Special Issues: Small n Designs, 266
The Creative Porpoise: Training for Novel Behavior, 268
Analysis, 268
Questions, 282
18. Perspective Shifting, 283
Introduction, 283
Recall of Previously Unrecallable Information Following a Shift in Perspective, 284
Analysis, 284
Questions, 297
19. Therapy for Anger, 298
Introduction, 298
Special Issues: Single-subject Design in Clinical Studies, 298
Stress Inoculation: A Cognitive Theory for Anger and Its Application to a Case of Depression, 300
Analysis, 300
Questions, 311
20. Prosocial Behavior, 312
Introduction, 312
Effects of a Prosocial Televised Example on Children’s Helping, 313
Questions, 320
21. Alcohol and Condoms, 321
Introduction, 321
Special Issues: Multiple Experiments, 321
Why Common Sense Goes Out the Window: Effects of Alcohol on Intentions to Use Condoms, 323
Analysis, 323
Questions, 343
22. Karate Techniques, 344
Introduction, 344
Special Issues: Subject Variables, 344
Memory for the Frequency of Occurrences of Karate Techniques: A Comparison of Experts and Novices, 345
Analysis, 345
Questions, 352
23. Disputes in Japan, 353
Introduction, 353
Disputes in Japan: A Cross-cultural Test of the Procedural Justice Model, 354
Questions, 361
24. False Confessions, 362
Introduction, 362
The Social Psychology of False Confessions: Compliance, Internalization, and Confabulation, 363
Analysis, 363
Questions, 371
Appendix A. Computational Procedures for Basic Statistics, Otto H. MacLin, 372
Appendix B. Statistical Tables, 392
Glossary, 396
References, 404
Credits, 408
Name Index, 411
Subject Index, 414

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