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If you’re wondering why you should buy this new edition of Government by the People, here are 10 good reasons!, i
Copyright, iv
Learning Objectives, x
Preface, xiii
Resources in Print and Online, xx
Acknowledgments, xxii
About the Authors, xxiv
A Special Acknowledgment, xxv
Part I. Constitutional Principles, 2
1. Constitutional Democracy, 2
U.S. Government and Politicians in Context, 3
Defining Democracy, 4
The Constitutional Convention of 1787, 10
History Makers: Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, 11
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: The Constitutional Convention, 12
To Adopt or Not to Adopt?, 16
How Other Nations Govern: Factors Contributing to Democratic Stability, 17
The Living Constitution, 20
Checking Power with Power, 21
Generation Next: Setting Aside the Constitution in an Age of Terror, 24
Judicial Review and the “Guardians of the Constitution”, 24
The Constitution as an Instrument of Government, 26
You Will Decide: Should We Interpret the Constitution According to Original Intent or Today’s Needs?, 28
Changing the Letter of the Constitution, 28
Thinking It Through, 29
Chapter Summary, 30
Chapter Self-Test, 31
Key Terms, 32
Further Reading, 32
The Constitution of the United States, 34
2. American Federalism, 44
Defining Federalism, 46
Generation Next: A Preference for Local Government, 48
The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism, 50
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Immigrants and Federal, State, and Local Responses, 51
How Other Nations Govern: Different Visions of Federalism, 57
The Federal Courts and Federalism, 57
Regulatory Federalism, 61
History Makers: Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, 62
The Politics of Federalism, 65
You Will Decide: Should the No Child Left Behind Act be Repealed?, 66
Thinking It Through, 67
The Future of Federalism, 67
Chapter Summary, 69
Chapter Self-Test, 69
Key Terms, 70
Further Reading, 71
Part II. The Political Process, 72
3. Political Culture and Ideology, 72
Defining the American Political Culture, 74
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Immigrants and Assimilation into American Political Culture, 76
Generation Next: Patriotism, 79
You Will Decide: Is the American Dream Still Alive and Important?, 80
Thinking It Through, 81
How Other Nations Govern: Government and Nation: Differing Public Perspectives, 82
Political Ideology and Attitudes Toward Government, 85
History Makers: Rachel Carson and the Environmental Movement, 91
Political Ideology and the American People, 91
Chapter Summary, 93
Chapter Self-Test, 94
Key Terms, 95
Further Reading, 95
4. The American Political Landscape, 96
A Land of Diversity, 98
Where We Live, 104
Who We Are, 106
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: A More Diverse Population, 107
You Will Decide: Should We Sample?, 110
Thinking It Through, 111
Generation Next: Religion and Politics, 112
History Makers: Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 116
How Other Nations Govern: Aging Populations, 124
Unity in a Land of Diversity, 124
Chapter Summary, 125
Chapter Self-Test, 126
Key Terms, 126
Further Reading, 127
5. Political Parties and Interest Groups, 128
What Parties Do for Democracy, 129
You Will Decide: Is a Vote for a Third-Party Candidate with Little Chance of Winning a Wasted Vote?, 134
American Parties Today, 134
Thinking It Through, 135
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Portrait of the Electorate, 139
Generation Next: Partisan Differences, 140
The Role of Parties and Interest Groups in Campaign Finance, 143
A Nation of Interests, 144
Types of Interest Groups, 147
History Makers: John Sherman and the Sherman Antitrust Act, 148
How Other Nations Govern: Unions and the Minimum Wage, 151
Characteristics and Power of Interest Groups, 153
The Influence of Lobbyists, 156
Curing the Mischiefs of Faction—Two Centuries Later, 163
Chapter Summary, 164
Chapter Self-Test, 165
Key Terms, 166
Further Reading, 166
6. Public Opinion, Voting, and Elections, 168
Public Opinion, 170
Participation: Translating Opinions into Action, 176
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Voter Turnout by Demographic Factors, 183
Voting, 183
You Will Decide: Should We Allow Voting by Mail and on the Internet?, 186
Thinking It Through, 187
Elections: The Rules of the Game, 188
How Other Nations Govern: Two-Party vs. Multiparty Systems, 189
Running for Congress, 192
Running for President, 196
Generation Next: Views on Large and Small Donors, 198
Money in U.S. Elections, 202
History Makers: Henry George and the Secret Ballot, 203
Improving Elections, 209
Elections in the Internet Age, 211
Chapter Summary, 212
Chapter Self-Test, 213
Key Terms, 214
Further Reading, 214
7. The Media and U.S. Politics, 216
The Influence of the Media on Politics, 218
History Makers: Walter Cronkite, 220
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Toward a More Representative Newsroom, 221
The Changing Role of the U.S. News Media, 222
Mediated Politics, 225
Generation Next: Media Consumption, 226
How Other Nations Govern: Freedom of the Press in Comparative Perspective, 227
You Will Decide: How Should the Media Report Sex Scandals?, 230
Thinking It Through, 231
The Media and Elections, 232
The Media and Governance, 236
Chapter Summary, 238
Chapter Self-Test, 238
Key Terms, 239
Further Reading, 239
Part III. Policy-Making Institutions, 240
8. Congress, 240
Congressional Elections, 242
You Will Decide: Should Congress Ban Earmarks?, 244
Thinking It Through, 245
The Structure and Powers of Congress, 246
Generation Next: Support for Compromise, 247
How Other Nations Govern: Strong and Weak Legislatures, 250
Congressional Leadership and Committees, 250
History Makers: Speaker Uncle Joe Cannon, 252
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Diversity in Congress, 253
The Job of the Legislator, 257
How a Bill Becomes a Law, 262
An Assessment of Congress, 264
Chapter Summary, 265
Chapter Self-Test, 265
Key Terms, 266
Further Reading, 266
9. The Presidency, 268
The Structure and Powers of the Presidency, 270
Controversies in Presidential Power, 277
The Evolution of Presidential Power, 280
How Other Nations Govern: Strong and Weak Chief Executives, 281
Managing the Presidency, 282
History Makers: Condoleezza Rice, 284
The President’s Job, 286
Congress and the Presidency, 288
Generation Next: The President’s Approval Rating, 289
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Presidential Appointees, 291
You Will Decide: Should the Two-Term Limit Be Repealed?, 292
Thinking It Through, 293
Judging Presidents, 293
Chapter Summary, 295
Chapter Self-Test, 295
Key Terms, 296
Further Reading, 296
10. The Federal Bureaucracy, 298
Understanding the Federal Bureaucracy, 300
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: A Representative Government, 305
Leading the Federal Bureaucracy, 309
How Other Nations Govern: Bureaucracy Across the World, 310
The Civil Service, 311
Generation Next: Trust in Government, 313
The Job of the Federal Bureaucracy, 315
You Will Decide: Who Wants a Federal Career?, 316
Thinking It Through, 317
Controlling the Federal Bureaucracy, 317
History Makers: Louis Brownlow, 318
A History of Great Endeavors, 320
Chapter Summary, 321
Chapter Self-Test, 321
Key Terms, 323
Further Reading, 323
11. The Judiciary, 324
Understanding the Federal Judiciary, 326
The Three Types of Federal Courts, 328
The Politics of Appointing Federal Judges, 330
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Diversity in the Federal Courts, 335
You Will Decide: Should the Federal Courts Be Active?, 336
How the Supreme Court Decides, 336
Thinking It Through, 337
Generation Next: Equal Rights, 338
History Makers: Justice Sandra Day O’Connor, 341
How Other Nations Govern: Judicial Independence and Accountability, 343
Limits on Judicial Action, 344
Judicial Power in a Constitutional Democracy, 346
Chapter Summary, 347
Chapter Self-Test, 348
Key Terms, 348
Further Reading, 349
Part IV. Rights and Liberties, 350
12. Civil Liberties, 350
Rights in the Original Constitution, 352
The Bill of Rights and the States, 353
First Amendment Freedoms, 355
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: The Continuing Importance of Religion and Personal Belief, 357
You Will Decide: Should the Government Restrict Civil Liberties During the War on Terror?, 360
Thinking It Through, 361
Property Rights, 364
Due Process Rights, 365
Privacy Rights, 366
History Makers: Estelle Griswold, 367
Rights of Criminal Suspects, 369
Generation Next: Searches and Seizures in an Age of Terrorism, 371
The Death Penalty, 374
How Other Nations Govern: The Death Penalty Around the World, 375
Protecting Our Civil Liberties: Whose Responsibility?, 376
Chapter Summary, 376
Chapter Self-Test, 377
Key Terms, 378
Further Reading, 378
13. Civil Rights, 380
Equality and Equal Rights, 382
Citizenship Rights, 382
The Quest for Equal Justice, 385
History Makers: Martin Luther King Jr., 388
Equal Protection of the Laws: What Does It Mean?, 393
How Other Nations Govern: The Legal Treatment of Homosexuality Across the World, 395
You Will Decide: Should Marriage Be Limited to Heterosexual Couples?, 396
Voting Rights, 396
Thinking It Through, 397
Rights to Equal Access: Accommodations, Jobs, and Homes, 398
Education Rights, 400
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in U.S. Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, 401
The Affirmative Action Controversy, 403
Generation Next: Affirmative Action, 404
Equal Rights Today, 406
Chapter Summary, 407
Chapter Self-Test, 408
Key Terms, 409
Further Reading, 409
Part V. The Politics of National Policy, 410
14. Making Economic and Social Policy, 410
Defining Public Policy, 413
You Will Decide: How Should We Fix Social Security?, 414
The Eight Steps in Making Public Policy, 414
Thinking It Through, 415
History Makers: Ralph Nader, 416
Citizens and Public Policy, 421
An Introduction to Economic Policy, 421
Fiscal Policy, 423
How Other Nations Govern: Tax Rates Around the World, 426
Monetary Policy, 428
Promoting the Economy, 430
Regulating the Economy, 432
The Deregulation Movement, 435
A Continued Federal Role, 436
The Role of the Federal Government in Social Policy, 437
Types of Social Policy, 438
The Expansion of Social Policy in the Twentieth Century, 440
Social Policy Challenges for the Future: Health, Education, and Crime, 443
You Will Decide: Should the Federal Government Promote Marriage?, 444
Thinking It Through, 445
The Politics of Social Policy, 448
Chapter Summary, 448
Chapter Self-Test, 449
Key Terms, 450
Further Reading, 451
15. Making Foreign and Defense Policy, 452
Understanding Foreign Policy and Defense, 454
The Foreign Policy and Defense Agenda, 456
Generation Next: Hard Versus Soft Power, 457
History Makers: Woodrow Wilson, 460
The Foreign Policy and Defense Bureaucracy, 463
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Diversity in the Military, 466
Foreign Policy and Defense Options, 466
How Other Nations Govern: Scandinavia’s Foreign Aid, 469
You Will Decide: Should Women Engage in Combat?, 470
Prospects for the Future, 470
Thinking It Through, 471
Chapter Summary, 472
Chapter Self-Test, 472
Key Terms, 473
Further Reading, 474
Appendix, 475
The Declaration of Independence, 475
The Federalist, No. 10 James Madison, 476
The Federalist, No. 51 James Madison, 479
The Federalist, No. 78 Alexander Hamilton, 481
Presidential Election Results, 1789–2008, 485
Glossary, 487
Notes, 493
Photo Credits, 510
Index, 512

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