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If you’re wondering why you should buy this new edition of Government by the People, here are 10 good reasons!, i
Copyright, vi
Learning Objectives, xiii
Preface, xvii
Resources in Print and Online, xxiv
Acknowledgments, xxvi
About the Authors, xxviii
A Special Acknowledgment, xxix
Part I. Constitutional Principles, 2
1. Constitutional Democracy, 2
U.S. Government and Politicians in Context, 4
Defining Democracy, 5
You Will Decide: Should the United States Adopt a National Initiative Process?, 6
Thinking It Through, 7
Generation Next: For Better or Worse?, 9
The Roots of the American Constitutional Experiment, 13
The Constitutional Convention of 1787, 15
History Makers: Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, 16
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: The Constitutional Convention, 17
How Other Nations Govern: Factors Contributing to Democratic Stability, 22
To Adopt or Not to Adopt?, 22
Chapter Summary, 25
Chapter Self-Test, 26
Key Terms, 27
Further Reading, 27
2. The Living Constitution, 28
Views of the Constitution, 30
Checking Power with Power, 31
Generation Next: Setting Aside the Constitution in an Age of Terror, 35
How Other Nations Govern: Comparing Constitutional Governance, 37
Judicial Review and the “Guardians of the Constitution”, 38
History Makers: Thurgood Marshall’s Living Constitution, 39
The Constitution as an Instrument of Government, 40
Changing the Letter of the Constitution, 42
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: The United States’ Racial Heritage, 45
You Will Decide: Should We Interpret the Constitution According to Original Intent or Today’s Needs?, 46
Thinking It Through, 47
Chapter Summary, 48
Chapter Self-Test, 48
Key Terms, 49
Further Reading, 49
The Constitution of the United States, 51
3. American Federalism, 62
Defining Federalism, 64
Generation Next: A Preference for Local Government, 66
The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism, 68
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Immigrants and Federal, State, and Local Responses, 69
How Other Nations Govern: Different Visions of Federalism, 75
The Federal Courts and Federalism, 75
Regulatory Federalism, 79
History Makers: Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, 80
The Politics of Federalism, 83
You Will Decide: Should the No Child Left Behind Act be Repealed?, 84
Thinking It Through, 85
The Future of Federalism, 85
Chapter Summary, 87
Chapter Self-Test, 87
Key Terms, 88
Further Reading, 89
Part II. The Political Process, 90
4. Political Culture and Ideology, 90
Defining the American Political Culture, 92
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Immigrants and Assimilation into American Political Culture, 94
Generation Next: Patriotism, 97
You Will Decide: Is the American Dream Still Alive and Important?, 98
Thinking It Through, 99
How Other Nations Govern: Government and Nation: Differing Public Perspectives, 100
Political Ideology and Attitudes Toward Government, 103
History Makers: Rachel Carson and the Environmental Movement, 109
Political Ideology and the American People, 109
Chapter Summary, 111
Chapter Self-Test, 112
Key Terms, 113
Further Reading, 113
5. The American Political Landscape, 114
A Land of Diversity, 116
Where We Live, 122
Who We Are, 124
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: A More Diverse Population, 125
You Will Decide: Should We Sample?, 128
Thinking It Through, 129
Generation Next: Religion and Politics, 130
History Makers: Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, 134
How Other Nations Govern: Aging Populations, 142
Unity in a Land of Diversity, 142
Chapter Summary, 143
Chapter Self-Test, 144
Key Terms, 144
Further Reading, 145
6. Interest Groups, 146
Interest Groups Past and Present: The “Mischiefs of Faction”, 148
Types of Interest Groups, 150
History Makers: John Sherman and the Sherman Antitrust Act, 151
How Other Nations Govern: Unions and the Minimum Wage, 154
Characteristics and Power of Interest Groups, 158
The Influence of Lobbyists, 162
The Changing Face of U.S Politics: Breaking into a Male-Dominated Profession, 163
Money and Politics, 164
You Will Decide: Should Corporations and Unions Be Unlimited in Funding Parties and in Running Issue Ads?, 168
Thinking It Through, 169
How Much Do Interest Groups Influence Elections and Legislation?, 172
Generation Next: Are Corporations Too Powerful?, 173
Curing the Mischiefs of Faction—Two Centuries Later, 173
Chapter Summary, 175
Chapter Self-Test, 176
Key Terms, 176
Further Reading, 177
7. Political Parties, 178
What Parties Do for Democracy, 179
You Will Decide: Is a Vote for a Third-Party Candidate with Little Chance of Winning a Wasted Vote?, 184
Thinking It Through, 185
A Brief History of American Political Parties, 185
American Parties Today, 188
History Makers: Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Democratic Party, 189
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Portrait of the Electorate, 195
Generation Next: Partisan Differences, 196
How Parties Raise and Spend Money, 199
Are the Political Parties Dying?, 200
How Other Nations Govern: Campaign Finance Regulation, 201
Chapter Summary, 203
Chapter Self-Test, 204
Key Terms, 205
Further Reading, 205
8. Public Opinion, Participation, and Voting, 206
Public Opinion, 208
Participation: Translating Opinions into Action, 218
History Makers: Lyndon Johnson and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, 221
How Other Nations Govern: Electoral Institutions and Turnout, 224
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Voter Turnout by Demographic Factors, 227
Voting Choices, 229
Generation Next: Why Vote?, 230
You Will Decide: Should We Allow Voting by Mail and on the Internet?, 232
Thinking It Through, 233
Counting Votes, 233
Chapter Summary, 234
Chapter Self-Test, 235
Key Terms, 236
Further Reading, 236
9. Campaigns and Elections, 238
Elections: The Rules of the Game, 240
How Other Nations Govern: Two-Party vs. Multiparty Systems, 241
Running for Congress, 244
Running for President, 248
Generation Next: Views on Large and Small Donors, 250
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: More Diversity Among National Party Nomination Convention Delegates, 253
History Makers: Henry George and the Secret Ballot, 258
Money in U.S. Elections, 259
Improving Elections, 268
You Will Decide: Should We Establish a National Presidential Primary?, 270
Thinking It Through, 271
Chapter Summary, 271
Chapter Self-Test, 272
Key Terms, 273
Further Reading, 273
10. The Media and U.S. Politics, 274
The Influence of the Media on Politics, 276
History Makers: Walter Cronkite, 278
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Toward a More Representative Newsroom, 279
The Changing Role of the U.S. News Media, 280
Mediated Politics, 283
Generation Next: Media Consumption, 284
How Other Nations Govern: Freedom of the Press in Comparative Perspective, 285
You Will Decide: How Should the Media Report Sex Scandals?, 288
Thinking It Through, 289
The Media and Elections, 290
The Media and Governance, 294
Chapter Summary, 296
Chapter Self-Test, 296
Key Terms, 297
Further Reading, 297
Part III. Policy-Making Institutions, 298
11. Congress, 298
Congressional Elections, 300
You Will Decide: Should Congress Ban Earmarks?, 302
Thinking It Through, 303
The Structure and Powers of Congress, 304
Generation Next: Support for Compromise, 305
How Other Nations Govern: Strong and Weak Legislatures, 308
Congressional Leadership and Committees, 308
History Makers: Speaker Uncle Joe Cannon, 310
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Diversity in Congress, 311
The Job of the Legislator, 315
How a Bill Becomes a Law, 320
An Assessment of Congress, 322
Chapter Summary, 323
Chapter Self-Test, 323
Key Terms, 324
Further Reading, 324
12. The Presidency, 326
The Structure and Powers of the Presidency, 328
Controversies in Presidential Power, 335
The Evolution of Presidential Power, 338
How Other Nations Govern: Strong and Weak Chief Executives, 339
Managing the Presidency, 340
History Makers: Condoleezza Rice, 342
The President’s Job, 344
Congress and the Presidency, 346
Generation Next: The President’s Approval Rating, 347
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Presidential Appointees, 349
You Will Decide: Should the Two-Term Limit Be Repealed?, 350
Thinking It Through, 351
Judging Presidents, 351
Chapter Summary, 353
Chapter Self-Test, 353
Key Terms, 354
Further Reading, 354
13. The Federal Bureaucracy, 356
Understanding the Federal Bureaucracy, 358
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: A Representative Government, 363
Leading the Federal Bureaucracy, 367
How Other Nations Govern: Bureaucracy Across the World, 368
The Civil Service, 369
Generation Next: Trust in Government, 371
The Job of the Federal Bureaucracy, 373
You Will Decide: Who Wants a Federal Career?, 374
Thinking It Through, 375
Controlling the Federal Bureaucracy, 375
History Makers: Louis Brownlow, 376
A History of Great Endeavors, 378
Chapter Summary, 379
Chapter Self-Test, 379
Key Terms, 381
Further Reading, 381
14. The Judiciary, 382
Understanding the Federal Judiciary, 384
The Three Types of Federal Courts, 386
The Politics of Appointing Federal Judges, 388
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Diversity in the Federal Courts, 393
How the Supreme Court Decides, 394
You Will Decide: Should the Federal Courts Be Active?, 394
Thinking It Through, 395
Generation Next: Equal Rights, 396
History Makers: Justice Sandra Day O’Connor, 399
How Other Nations Govern: Judicial Independence and Accountability, 401
Limits on Judicial Action, 402
Judicial Power in a Constitutional Democracy, 404
Chapter Summary, 405
Chapter Self-Test, 406
Key Terms, 406
Further Reading, 407
Part IV. Rights and Liberties, 408
15. Civil Liberties, 408
Rights in the Original Constitution, 410
The Bill of Rights and the States, 411
First Amendment Freedoms, 413
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: The Continuing Importance of Religion and Personal Belief, 415
You Will Decide: Should the Government Restrict Civil Liberties During the War on Terror?, 418
Thinking It Through, 419
Property Rights, 422
Due Process Rights, 423
Privacy Rights, 424
History Makers: Estelle Griswold, 425
Rights of Criminal Suspects, 427
Generation Next: Searches and Seizures in an Age of Terrorism, 429
The Death Penalty, 432
How Other Nations Govern: The Death Penalty Around the World, 433
Protecting Our Civil Liberties: Whose Responsibility?, 434
Chapter Summary, 434
Chapter Self-Test, 435
Key Terms, 436
Further Reading, 436
16. Civil Rights, 438
Equality and Equal Rights, 440
Citizenship Rights, 440
The Quest for Equal Justice, 443
History Makers: Martin Luther King Jr., 446
Equal Protection of the Laws: What Does It Mean?, 451
How Other Nations Govern: The Legal Treatment of Homosexuality Across the World, 453
You Will Decide: Should Marriage be Limited to Heterosexual Couples?, 454
Voting Rights, 454
Thinking It Through, 455
Rights to Equal Access: Accommodations, Jobs, and Homes, 456
Education Rights, 458
The Changing Face of U.S. Politics: Racial and Ethnic Diversity in U.S. Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, 459
The Affirmative Action Controversy, 461
Generation Next: Affirmative Action, 462
Equal Rights Today, 464
Chapter Summary, 465
Chapter Self-Test, 466
Key Terms, 467
Further Reading, 467
Epilogue. Sustaining Constitutional Democracy, 468
The Case for Government by the People, 470
Participation and Representation, 470
The Role of the Politician, 472
Leadership in a Constitutional Democracy, 473
The Importance of Active Citizenship, 474
Further Reading, 475
Appendix, 476
The Declaration of Independence, 476
The Federalist, No. 10, James Madison, 477
The Federalist, No. 51, James Madison, 480
The Federalist, No. 78, Alexander Hamilton, 482
Presidential Election Results, 1789–2008, 486
Glossary, 488
Notes, 493
Photo Credits, 509
Index, 511

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