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Why Do You Need the New Edition of This Book?, i
Copyright, iv
Preface, xx
Acknowledgments, xxii
Part One. The Setting of the American System, 1
Chapter 1. Constitutional Government, 3
Constitutional Democracy: The Rule of Law, 3
1. Second Treatise, Of Civil Government, John Locke, 4
Framing the Constitution: Elitist or Democratic Process?, 10
2. The Founding Fathers: A Reform Caucus in Action, John P. Roche, 10
3. Framing the Constitution, Charles A. Beard, 31
Limitation of Governmental Power and of Majority Rule, 40
4. Federalist 47, 48, 51, James Madison, 41
Interpreting the Constitution, 45
5. How Not to Read the Constitution, Laurence H. Tribe and Michael C. Dorf, 47
Chapter 2. Federalism, 51
Constitutional Background: National Versus State Power, 52
6. Federalist 16, 17, Alexander Hamilton, 53
7. The Anti-Federalist Papers No. 17, 58
8. Federalist 44, James Madison, 61
9. Federalist 45, James Madison, 63
10. Federalist 39, James Madison, 66
11. The Merits of the Federal System, James Bryce, 72
Implied Powers and the Supremacy of National Law, 74
12. 4 Wheaton 316 (1819), McCulloch v. Maryland, 75
13. 9 Wheaton 1 (1824), Gibbons v. Ogden, 79
National Power over the States: A Recurring Constitutional Debate, 84
14. 529 U.S. 59 (2000), United States v. Morrison, 88
What State Actions Are Beyond Federal Regulation? California’s Medical Marijuana Law, 93
15. U.S. Supreme Court (2005), Gonzales v. Raich, 94
Modern Federalism in the Madisonian System, 97
16. Up-to-Date in Kansas City: Reflections on American Federalism, Martha Derthick, 97
Chapter 3. Civil Liberties and Civil Rights, 103
Constitutional Background, 103
17. On the Lack of a Bill of Rights, Anti-Federalist Paper No. 84, 104
The Nationalization of the Bill of Rights, 106
The Fourteenth Amendment, 106
18. 372 U.S. 335 (1963), Gideon v. Wainwright, 110
Freedom of Speech and Press, 114
19. The Need to Maintain a Free Marketplace of Ideas, Oliver Wendell Holmes, 116
Expanding the Boundaries of Permissible Criticism of Government and Public Officials, 120
20. 376 U.S. 254 (1964), New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 121
Equal Protection of the Laws: School Desegregation, 126
21. 163 U.S. 537 (1896), Plessy v. Ferguson, 127
22. 347 U.S. 483 (1954), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 130
23. 349 U.S. 294 (1955), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 133
The Constitutional Right to Vote, 136
24. 364 U.S. 339 (1960), Gomillion v. Lightfoot, 137
25. United States Supreme Court (2008), Crawford et al. v. Marion County Election Board et al., 139
The Judicial Sources of Political Controversies over Civil Liberties and Rights, 143
The Establishment Clause and the Issue of School Prayer, 144
26. 370 U.S. 421 (1962), Engel v. Vitale, 145
The Right to Privacy, 151
27. The Right to Privacy, Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, 152
28. 381 U.S. 479 (1965), Griswold v. Connecticut, 155
29. 410 U.S. 113 (1973), Roe v. Wade, 158
Affirmative Action, 167
30. 438 U.S. 265 (1978), University of California Board of Regents v. Bakke, 168
Part Two. Political Parties, Electoral Behavior, and Interest Groups, 171
Chapter 4. Political Parties and the Electorate, 173
Constitutional Background, 173
31. Federalist 10, James Madison, 173
32. Party Government, E. E. Schattschneider, 178
The Party Model of Government, 181
33. Government by Discussion, Sir Ernest Barker, 183
The American Party System, 186
34. Report of the Committee on Political Parties, American Political Science Association, Toward a More Responsible Two-Party System, 187
Political Parties in Divided Government, 190
35. Divided We Govern, David R. Mayhew, 191
Functions and Types of Elections, 198
36. A Theory of Critical Elections, V. O. Key, Jr., 199
Voting Behavior: Rational or Irrational?, 204
37. Democratic Practice and Democratic Theory, Bernard R. Berelson, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and William N. McPhee, 205
Political Campaigns and the Electorate, 212
38. The Responsible Electorate, V. O. Key, Jr., 212
Chapter 5. Interest Groups, 217
Constitutional Background, 217
39. The Dangers of Faction, Robert Dahl, 218
40. Madison’s Dilemma, Jeffrey M. Berry, 221
First Amendment Barriers to the Regulation of Interest Groups and Political Parties, 226
41. 424 U.S. 1 (1976), Buckley v. Valeo, 227
42. The Democratic Paradox of Campaign Finance Reform, Daniel R. Ortiz, 232
Group Theory: The Nature and Functions of Interest Groups, 234
43. The Governmental Process, David B. Truman, 235
44. The Role of Interest Groups in Government, Pendleton Herring, 241
Money, PACs, and Elections, 242
45. The Misplaced Obsession with PACs, Larry J. Sabato, 243
Part Three. National Government Institutions, 251
Chapter 6. The Presidency, 253
Constitutional Background: Single Versus Plural Executive, 253
46. Federalist 70, Alexander Hamilton, 254
47. The Presidency in Perspective, Edward S. Corwin, 257
The Nature of the Presidency: Power, Persuasion, and Paradoxes, 260
48. The Presidency—Focus of Leadership, Clinton Rossiter, 261
49. Presidential Power, Richard E. Neustadt, 266
Presidential Politics, 269
Presidential Character and Style, 270
50. The Presidential Character, James David Barber, 270
Presidential Leadership and Political Parties, 280
51. The Presidency and Political Parties, Sidney M. Milkis, 280
The Constitutional Presidency and Emergency Powers, 296
52. 71 U.S. 2 (1866), Ex Parte Milligan, 297
Presidential Power, Due Process, and the Separation of Powers in the Time of the War on Terror, 301
53. United States Supreme Court, 2008, Boumediene et al. v. Bush, President of the United States, 302
Chapter 7. The Bureaucracy, 309
Constitutional Background, 309
54. Constitutional Democracy and Bureaucratic Power, Peter Woll, 310
The Political Roots and Consequences of Bureaucracy, 314
55. The Rise of the Bureaucratic State, James Q. Wilson, 315
Chapter 8. Congress, 323
Constitutional Background: Representation of Popular, Group, and National Interests, 323
56. Federalist 53, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, James Madison, 324
Congress and the Washington Political Establishment, 331
57. Congressional Government, Woodrow Wilson, 332
58. The Rise of the Washington Establishment, Morris P. Fiorina, 337
Committee Chairmen as Political Entrepreneurs, 344
59. Congress and the Quest for Power, Lawrence C. Dodd, 345
Congress and the Electoral Connection, 348
60. Speech to the Electors of Bristol, Edmund Burke, 349
61. If, as Ralph Nader Says, Congress Is “The Broken Branch,” How Come We Love Our Congressmen So Much?, Richard F. Fenno, Jr., 352
62. Congress: The Electoral Connection, David R. Mayhew, 359
63. Home Style and Washington Career, Richard F. Fenno, Jr., 363
Chapter 9. The Judiciary, 369
English Common Law Precedents, 369
64. Commentaries on the Laws of England 1765, William Blackstone, 370
Constitutional Background: Judicial Independence and Judicial Review, 371
65. Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton, 372
66. 1 Cranch 137 (1803), Marbury v. Madison, 377
Powers and Limitations of the Supreme Court, 380
67. Judicial Self-Restraint, John P. Roche, 381
The Political Question Doctrine, 387
68. Why Courts Cannot Fairly Decide Political Questions: Counsel for Defendant Borden in Luther v. Borden (1849), Daniel Webster, 389
69. 48 U.S. 1 (1849), Luther v. Borden, 391
Judicial Decision-Making, 395
70. How the Supreme Court Arrives at Decisions, William J. Brennan, Jr., 396
Interpreting the Constitution: A Continuing Debate, 403
71. 543 U.S. 551 (2005), Roper v. Simmons, 404
The Constitutional Right to Privacy and Abortion, 408
72. Constitutional Liberty and the Right to Abortion, Justice Sandra Day O’Connor, 409
73. Liberty, Privacy, and the Right to Abortion, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, 414
74. Liberty and Abortion: A Strict Constructionist’s View, Justice Antonin Scalia, 415
Appendix 1. The Declaration of Independence, 417
Appendix 2. The Constitution of the United States, 421
Credits, 440

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