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If you’re wondering why you should buy this new edition of Terrorism and Counterterrorism, here are five good reasons!, i
Copyright, vi
Preface, xiii
About the Author, xvii
Introduction: The Terrorist Threat, 1
Chapter 1. Introduction: The Terrorist Threat, 1
Terrorism Trends Over the Last Three Decades, 5
Part 1. Terrorism, 15
Chapter 2. The Perennial Debate: What Is Terrorism?, 17
The Meaning of Terrorism Over Time, 20
Is Terrorism Ever Justified?, 27
State Terror(ism) and State-Sponsored Terrorism, 29
State Sponsors of Terrorism, 30
The Meaning of Terrorism in This Volume, 31
Chapter 3. Terrorism in the Global Context, 34
Different Types of Groups, 36
The Roots of Modern Terrorism, 36
The Post–World War II Wave, 38
1968: The Advent of Modern-Day Terrorism, 40
IRA and ETA: Groups That Transcend the Average Life Span of Terrorist Groups, 41
The Decline of Left-Wing Terrorism, 42
The Rise of Catastrophic Terrorism, 43
Chapter 4. Terrorism in the American Context, 53
Right-Wing Terrorism, 53
The Surge of the Black Supremacist Movement, 61
Left-Wing Terrorism, 62
Single-Issue Terrorism, 67
After Left-Wing and Right-Wing Waves: What Next?, 71
Chapter 5. Religious Terrorism: Political Violence in the Name of God, 76
Defending the Faith in “Cosmic Wars”, 81
The Proliferation of Religious Violence, 82
Alienation, Humiliation, and Fear, 83
The Jihadi Movement and Political Violence, 85
Chapter 6. The Making of Terrorists: Causes, Conditions, Influences, 95
Terrorism as a Result of Rational Choice, 99
Terrorism as a Result of Personal Traits, 100
Terrorism as a Result of Social Interaction, 101
Gender and Terrorism, 102
The Lack of a Universal Terrorist Profile, 109
The Stages Leading to Terrorism, 109
The Roots of Terrorism: No Simple Answers, 111
Chapter 7. From State Sponsors to Involuntary Hosts, 115
Former and Current State Sponsors, 120
The Case of Saudi Arabia, 123
When Governments Reconsider Their Support for Terrorism, 125
Failed and Failing States and “Brown Areas”, 125
Involuntary Host Countries, 126
Chapter 8. Common Thread: Goals, Targets, Tactics, 129
Do Terrorists Achieve Their Goals?, 130
The Selection of Targets, 131
Terrorist Methods: From Primitive Bombs to WMD, 133
Chapter 9. Organizational Structures and the Financing of Terror, 153
When Terrorist Groups Decline or End, 160
Financing Terrorism, 161
Narco-Terrorism or Narco-Funded Terrorism?, 164
Part 2. Counterterrorism, 167
Chapter 10. Terrorism and America’s Post–9/11 National Security Strategy, 169
Terrorism and America’s Post–9/11 Security Strategy, 174
End of the Post–9/11 National Security Strategy?, 177
Chapter 11. The Utility of Hard and Soft Power in Counterterrorism, 182
Military Hard Powers, 185
Non-Military Hard Power: Economic Sanctions, 193
Soft Power and Counterterrorism, 194
Chapter 12. Balancing Security, Liberty, and Human Rights, 205
The Rights of “Enemy Combatants”, 213
Torture: Leaders and Followers, 216
Torture: The Public Debate, 223
Chapter 13. Homeland Security: Preparedness and Prevention, 228
Post–9/11 Reorganization of Homeland Security, 231
General and Specific Homeland Security Strategies, 236
It’s the Intelligence, Stupid, 237
Reorganization of the Intelligence Community, 241
International Cooperation, 244
Congress Resists Change, 245
Part 3. The Media and the Public, 249
Chapter 14. Terrorist Propaganda and the Media, 251
Publicity: The Universal Terrorist Goal, 253
An Alternative View: Contemporary Terrorists Do Not Need Publicity, 256
Terrorism and the Triangle of Communication, 257
Media-Related Goals, 258
The Attention-Getting Goal, 258
The Recognition Goal, 260
The Respectability/Legitimacy Goal, 262
Bedfellows in a Marriage of Convenience, 263
Terrorism and the Global Media, 264
Defending the Media, 265
Treason or Public Service?, 266
Chapter 15. Terror and Hate in Cyberspace, 269
Terrorists and the Newest Communications Technologies, 271
Propaganda and Hero Worship, 273
The Internet as a Tool to Plan Terrorist Operations, 278
Shocking Display of Digital Terrorism, 279
Devastating Cyberterrorism, 281
The Web and the Retrieval of Valuable Information, 282
Online Recruitment, 282
Fund-Raising via the Net, 283
Chapter 16. Anti- and Counterterrorism in the News, 285
A Model for Public Deliberation, 288
The Media and Military Responses to Terrorism, 290
The Iraq War: Different News Coverage Abroad, 296
Chapter 17. Conclusion: Living with Terrorist Threats, 299
Appendix: Major Terrorist Incidents Since the Early 1970s, 304
Bibliography, 320
Index, 327

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