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Copyright, iv
Preface, xiii
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computers and Programming, 1
1.1. Why Program?, 1
1.2. Computer Systems: Hardware and Software, 2
1.3. Programs and Programming Languages, 6
1.4. What Is a Program Made of?, 12
1.5. Input, Processing, and Output, 16
1.6. The Programming Process, 17
1.7. Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming, 21
Chapter 2. Introduction to C++, 29
2.1. The Parts of a C++ Program, 29
2.2. The cout Object, 33
2.3. The #include Directive, 38
2.4. Variables and Literals, 39
2.5. Identifiers, 43
2.6. Integer Data Types, 44
2.7. The char Data Type, 49
2.8. Floating-Point Data Types, 54
2.9. The bool Data Type, 57
2.10. Determining the Size of a Data Type, 58
2.11. Variable Assignments and Initialization, 59
2.12. Scope, 60
2.13. Arithmetic Operators, 61
2.14. Comments, 67
2.15. Focus on Software Engineering: Programming Style, 69
2.16. If You Plan to Continue in Computer Science: Standard and Prestandard C++, 71
Chapter 3. Expressions and Interactivity, 83
3.1. The cin Object, 83
3.2. Mathematical Expressions, 91
3.3. When You Mix Apples and Oranges: Type Conversion, 100
3.4. Overflow and Underflow, 102
3.5. Type Casting, 104
3.6. Named Constants, 107
3.7. Multiple Assignment and Combined Assignment, 112
3.8. Formatting Output, 116
3.9. Formatted Input, 125
3.10. Focus on Object-Oriented Programming: More About Member Functions, 130
3.11. More Mathematical Library Functions, 131
3.12. Focus on Debugging: Hand Tracing a Program, 135
3.13. Focus on Problem Solving: A Case Study, 137
3.14. Introduction to File Input and Output, 140
Chapter 4. Making Decisions, 163
4.1. Relational Operators, 163
4.2. The if Statement, 168
4.3. Flags, 176
4.4. Expanding the if Statement, 177
4.5. The if/else Statement, 181
4.6. Nested if Statements, 184
4.7. The if/else if Statement, 191
4.8. Menus, 195
4.9. Logical Operators, 199
4.10. Checking Numeric Ranges with Logical Operators, 206
4.11. Focus on Software Engineering: Validating User Input, 207
4.12. More About Variable Definitions and Scope, 209
4.13. Comparing Strings, 213
4.14. The Conditional Operator, 218
4.15. The switch Statement, 222
4.16. Testing for File Open Errors, 231
Chapter 5. Looping, 249
5.1. The Increment and Decrement Operators, 249
5.2. Introduction to Loops: The while Loop, 254
5.3. Using the while Loop for Input Validation, 261
5.4. Counters, 263
5.5. The do-while Loop, 265
5.6. The for Loop, 270
5.7. Keeping a Running Total, 280
5.8. Sentinels, 283
5.9. Using a Loop to Read Data from a File, 284
5.10. Focus on Software Engineering: Deciding Which Loop to Use, 287
5.11. Nested Loops, 287
5.12. Breaking Out of a Loop, 290
5.13. The continue Statement, 292
Chapter 6. Functions, 307
6.1. Focus on Software Engineering: Modular Programming, 307
6.2. Defining and Calling Functions, 309
6.3. Function Prototypes, 317
6.4. Sending Data into a Function, 319
6.5. Passing Data by Value, 324
6.6. Focus on Software Engineering: Using Functions in a Menu-Driven Program, 326
6.7. The return Statement, 330
6.8. Returning a Value from a Function, 332
6.9. Returning a Boolean Value, 340
6.10. Local and Global Variables, 342
6.11. Static Local Variables, 350
6.12. Default Arguments, 353
6.13. Using Reference Variables as Parameters, 356
6.14. Overloading Functions, 362
6.15. The exit( ) Function, 366
6.16. Stubs and Drivers, 369
Chapter 7. Arrays, 387
7.1. Arrays Hold Multiple Values, 387
7.2. Accessing Array Elements, 389
7.3. No Bounds Checking in C++, 396
7.4. Array Initialization, 399
7.5. Processing Array Contents, 404
7.6. Focus on Software Engineering: Using Parallel Arrays, 412
7.7. Arrays as Function Arguments, 415
7.8. Two-Dimensional Arrays, 426
7.9. Arrays of Strings, 433
7.10. Arrays with Three or More Dimensions, 435
7.11. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study, 437
7.12. If You Plan to Continue in Computer Science: Introduction to the STL vector, 439
Chapter 8. Searching and Sorting Arrays, 467
8.1. Focus on Software Engineering: Introduction to Search Algorithms, 467
8.2. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study, 474
8.3. Focus on Software Engineering: Introduction to Sorting Algorithms, 480
8.4. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study, 488
8.5. If You Plan to Continue in Computer Science: Sorting and Searching vectors, 496
Chapter 9. Pointers, 507
9.1. Getting the Address of a Variable, 507
9.2. Pointer Variables, 509
9.3. The Relationship Between Arrays and Pointers, 516
9.4. Pointer Arithmetic, 520
9.5. Initializing Pointers, 522
9.6. Comparing Pointers, 523
9.7. Pointers as Function Parameters, 525
9.8. Focus on Software Engineering: Dynamic Memory Allocation, 534
9.9. Focus on Software Engineering: Returning Pointers from Functions, 538
9.10. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study, 545
Chapter 10. Characters, Strings, and the string Class, 559
10.1. Character Testing, 559
10.2. Character Case Conversion, 563
10.3. Review of the Internal Storage of C-Strings, 566
10.4. Library Functions for Working with C-Strings, 569
10.5. String/Numeric Conversion Functions, 577
10.6. Focus on Software Engineering: Writing Your Own C-String-Handling Functions, 582
10.7. The C++ string Class, 588
10.8. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Case Study, 598
Chapter 11. Structured Data, 609
11.1. Abstract Data Types, 609
11.2. Focus on Software Engineering: Combining Data into Structures, 611
11.3. Accessing Structure Members, 614
11.4. Initializing a Structure, 619
11.5. Arrays of Structures, 623
11.6. Focus on Software Engineering: Nested Structures, 626
11.7. Structures as Function Arguments, 630
11.8. Returning a Structure from a Function, 633
11.9. Pointers to Structures, 636
11.10. Focus on Software Engineering: When to Use ., When to Use ->, and When to Use *, 639
11.11. Unions, 641
11.12. Enumerated Data Types, 645
Chapter 12. Advanced File Operations, 673
12.1. File Operations, 673
12.2. File Output Formatting, 680
12.3. Passing File Stream Objects to Functions, 683
12.4. More Detailed Error Testing, 685
12.5. Member Functions for Reading and Writing Files, 688
12.6. Focus on Software Engineering: Working with Multiple Files, 695
12.7. Binary Files, 696
12.8. Creating Records with Structures, 702
12.9. Random-Access Files, 706
12.10. Opening a File for Both Input and Output, 714
Chapter 13. Introduction to Classes, 729
13.1. Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming, 729
13.2. Introduction to Classes, 736
13.3. Defining an Instance of a Class, 741
13.4. Why Have Private Members?, 752
13.5. Focus on Software Engineering: Separating Class Specification from Implementation, 753
13.6. Inline Member Functions, 759
13.7. Constructors, 762
13.8. Passing Arguments to Constructors, 766
13.9. Destructors, 774
13.10. Overloading Constructors, 778
13.11. Private Member Functions, 782
13.12. Arrays of Objects, 784
13.13. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: An OOP Case Study, 788
13.14. Focus on Object-Oriented Programming: Creating an Abstract Array Data Type, 795
13.15. Focus on Object-Oriented Design: The Unified Modeling Language (UML), 799
13.16. Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes and Their Responsibilities, 802
Chapter 14. More About Classes, 825
14.1. Instance and Static Members, 825
14.2. Friends of Classes, 833
14.3. Memberwise Assignment, 838
14.4. Copy Constructors, 839
14.5. Operator Overloading, 843
14.6. Object Conversion, 870
14.7. Aggregation, 872
14.8. Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaborations, 878
Chapter 15. Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Virtual Functions, 895
15.1. What Is Inheritance?, 895
15.2. Protected Members and Class Access, 904
15.3. Constructors and Destructors in Base and Derived Classes, 910
15.4. Redefining Base Class Functions, 917
15.5. Class Hierarchies, 921
15.6. Polymorphism and Virtual Member Functions, 927
15.7. Abstract Base Classes and Pure Virtual Functions, 942
15.8. Multiple Inheritance, 949
Chapter 16. Exceptions, Templates, and the Standard Template Library (STL), 971
16.1. Exceptions, 971
16.2. Function Templates, 990
16.3. Focus on Software Engineering: Where to Start When Defining Templates, 996
16.4. Class Templates, 997
16.5. Introduction to the Standard Template Library (STL), 1007
Chapter 17. Linked Lists, 1027
17.1. Introduction to the Linked List ADT, 1027
17.2. Linked List Operations, 1029
17.3. A Linked List Template, 1046
17.4. Variations of the Linked List, 1058
17.5. The STL list Container, 1059
Chapter 18. Stacks and Queues, 1067
18.1. Introduction to the Stack ADT, 1067
18.2. Dynamic Stacks, 1078
18.3. The STL stack Container, 1083
18.4. Introduction to the Queue ADT, 1085
18.5. Dynamic Queues, 1093
18.6. The STL deque and queue Containers, 1097
Chapter 19. Recursion, 1107
19.1. Introduction to Recursion, 1107
19.2. Solving Problems with Recursion, 1112
19.3. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: The Recursive gcd Function, 1119
19.4. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: Solving Recursively Defined Problems, 1120
19.5. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: Recursive Linked List Operations, 1122
19.6. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: A Recursive Binary Search Function, 1125
19.7. The Towers of Hanoi, 1128
19.8. Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: The QuickSort Algorithm, 1131
19.9. Exhaustive Algorithms, 1136
19.10. Focus on Software Engineering: Recursion vs. Iteration, 1138
Chapter 20. Binary Trees, 1145
20.1. Definition and Applications of Binary Trees, 1145
20.2. Binary Search Tree Operations, 1148
20.3. Template Considerations for Binary Search Trees, 1165
Appendix A. Getting Started with Alice, 1171
Appendix B. The ASCII Character Set, 1199
Appendix C. Operator Precedence and Associativity, 1203
Index, 1205
Appendix D. Introduction to Flowcharting, D-1
Appendix E. Using UML in Class Design, E-1
Appendix F. Namespaces, F-1
Appendix G. Writing Managed C++ Code for the .NET Framework, G-1
Appendix H. Passing Command Line Arguments, H-1
Appendix I. Header File and Library Function Reference, I-1
Appendix J. Binary Numbers and Bitwise Operations, J-1
Appendix K. Multi-Source File Programs, K-1
Appendix L. Stream Member Functions for Formatting, L-1
Appendix M. Introduction to Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition, M-1
Appendix N. Answers to Checkpoints, N-1
Appendix O. Answers to Odd Numbered Review Questions, O-1
Case Study: High Adventure Travel Agency—Part 1, CS-1
Case Study: Loan Amortization, CS-13
Case Study: Creating a String Class, CS-19

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