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Copyright, ii
About the Authors, iv
Preface, xi
Part I. Instruction and Program Implementation, 1
Section 1. Understanding the Need for Physical Education, 1
Chapter 1. Elementary School Physical Education, 1
What Is Physical Education?, 2
The Evolution of Elementary School Physical Education, 2
The Current Status of Physical Education in the United States, 7
The Need for Physical Education Programs, 7
The Content of Physical Education, 9
NASPE Content Standards for Physical Education, 9
Essential Components of a Quality Physical Education Program, 16
Applying What You Read, 18
Reflection and Review, 18
For More Information, 18
Chapter 2. Teaching Children in the Physical Education Environment, 20
The Growing Child, 21
Teaching Specialized Motor Skills, 27
Guidelines for Exercising Children Safely, 29
Applying What You Read, 32
Reflection and Review, 32
For More Information, 33
Section 2. The Instructional Process, 35
Chapter 3. Preparing a Quality Lesson, 35
Choose from a Variety of Teaching Styles, 36
Optimize Skill Learning, 43
Integrate Mechanical Principles into Instruction, 47
Consider the Learning Environment, 50
Choose an Instructional Formation, 51
Design a Lesson Plan, 53
Reflective Teaching, 57
Applying What You Read, 58
Reflection and Review, 58
For More Information, 58
Chapter 4. Curriculum Development, 60
Designing a Quality Curriculum, 62
Applying What You Read, 73
Reflection and Review, 73
For More Information, 74
Chapter 5. Improving Instructional Effectiveness, 75
Characteristics of a Quality Lesson, 76
Incorporate Essential Elements of Instruction, 77
Provide Instructional Feedback, 83
Consider the Personal Needs of Students, 85
Employ Effective Communication Skills, 89
Applying What You Read, 91
Reflection and Review, 91
For More Information, 91
Chapter 6. Management and Discipline, 93
Effective Management and Discipline: A Coordinated Approach, 94
Use Proper Teaching Behaviors, 95
Define Class Procedures, Rules, and Consequences, 97
Incorporate Efficient Management Skills, 99
Teach Acceptable Student Behavior, 103
Use Behavior Management to Increase Acceptable Behavior, 107
Decrease Unacceptable Behavior with Discipline, 109
Use Criticism Sparingly, 114
Make Punishment a Last Resort, 115
Expulsion: Legal Considerations, 115
Applying What You Read, 116
Reflection and Review, 116
For More Information, 116
Chapter 7. Children with Disabilities, 117
Least Restrictive Environment, 119
Mainstreaming/Inclusion, 120
Screening and Assessment, 120
Developing an Individualized Education Program, 121
A Systematic Approach to Successful Mainstreaming, 124
Applying What You Read, 129
Reflection and Review, 129
For More Information, 129
Section 3. Program Implementation, 131
Chapter 8. Evaluation, 131
Assessment and Evaluation, 132
Assess Student Performance, 132
Assess Student Outcomes, 134
Grading, 140
Evaluate Institutional Outcomes, 143
Evaluate Instructional Effectiveness, 148
Evaluate Your Program, 158
Applying What You Read, 162
Reflection and Review, 162
For More Information, 162
Chapter 9. Legal Liability, Supervision, and Safety, 164
Torts, 165
Negligence and Liability, 165
Types of Negligence, 166
Common Defenses against Negligence, 167
Areas of Responsibility, 168
Safety, 171
Equipment and Facilities, 173
Personal Protection: Minimizing the Effects of a Lawsuit, 175
The Sports Program, 177
Applying What You Read, 177
Reflection and Review, 177
For More Information, 178
Chapter 10. Facilities, Equipment, and Supplies, 179
Outdoor Facilities, 180
Safety on the Playground, 181
Outdoor Apparatus and Equipment, 181
Indoor Facilities, 182
Equipment and Supplies, 184
Purchasing Policies, 184
Indoor Equipment, 185
Equipment and Supplies for Physical Education, 186
Storage Plans, 188
Care, Repair, and Marking, 189
Constructing Equipment and Supplies, 189
Reflection and Review, 200
For More Information, 200
Chapter 11. Integrating Academic Concepts, 201
Integrating Academic Concepts into Physical Education, 202
Why Integrate Academic Concepts?, 202
Types of Integration, 203
How to Integrate Academic Content, 203
Academic Integration Activities, 204
Applying What You Read, 223
Reflection and Review, 223
For More Information, 223
Part II. Teaching the Objectives of Physical Education, 225
Section 4. Personal Health Skills, 225
Chapter 12. Promoting and Monitoring Physical Activity, 225
Physical Activity for Children, 227
The Physical Activity Pyramid, 228
Using Pedometers to Monitor Physical Activity, 231
Walking: The “Real” Lifetime Activity, 236
Applying What You Read, 240
Reflection and Review, 240
For More Information, 240
Chapter 13. Physical Fitness, 242
Definitions of Physical Fitness, 243
Are Children Fit?, 245
Fitness Testing Issues, 247
Create Positive Attitudes Toward Fitness, 250
Develop an Understanding of Physical Fitness Principles, 251
Avoid Harmful Practices and Exercises, 252
Implement a Yearlong Fitness Plan, 253
Implementing Fitness Routines, 253
Fitness Activities for Developmental Level I, 254
Fitness Activities for Developmental Levels II and III, 260
Reflection and Review, 284
For More Information, 284
Chapter 14. Active and Healthy Schools, 287
Components of an Active and Healthy School, 290
Getting Started, 297
Reflection and Review, 298
For More Information, 298
Section 5. Motor Skills, 300
Chapter 15. Movement Concepts and Themes, 300
Classification of Human Movement Concepts, 301
Teaching Movement Skills and Concepts, 303
Movement Skills and Concepts Lesson Plans, 305
Teaching Movement Themes, 305
For More Information, 314
Chapter 16. Fundamental Motor Skills and Introductory Activities, 315
Fundamental Skills, 316
Locomotor Skills, 316
Nonlocomotor Skills, 322
Introductory Activities, 328
Games and Miscellaneous Activities, 335
For More Information, 335
Chapter 17. Manipulative Skills, 336
Manipulative Skills, 337
Manipulative Skill Activities, 342
Activities with Balloons and Beach Balls, 343
Activities with Beanbags, 344
Activities with Balls, 347
Juggling, 351
Activities with Scoops and Balls, 355
Bowling Activities, 356
Activities with Wands, 356
Activities with Hoops, 361
Activities with Jump Ropes, 363
Pre–Rope-Jumping Skills, 363
Long-Rope Jumping, 365
Double Dutch (Two-Rope) Jumping, 368
Individual Rope Jumping, 369
Footbag Activities, 375
Rhythmic Gymnastics, 376
For More Information, 381
Chapter 18. Body Management Skills, 382
Safe and Effective Use of Apparatus, 383
Activities with Climbing Ropes, 383
Activities on Balance Beams, 387
Activities on Benches, 390
Activities with Jumping Boxes, 393
Activities with Individual Mats, 394
Activities with Magic Ropes, 396
Activities with Partner Tug-of-War Ropes, 397
Activities with Gym Scooters, 399
For More Information, 399
Section 6. Specialized Motor Skills, 400
Chapter 19. Rhythmic Movement Skills, 400
Implementing the Rhythmic Movement Program, 401
Creative Rhythms, 402
Folk Dances, 404
Progression of Folk Dances, 408
Developmental Level I Dances, 408
Developmental Level II Dances, 423
Developmental Level III Dances, 440
Introductory Square Dance, 452
Culminating Events for the Rhythms Unit, 455
For More Information, 455
Chapter 20. Gymnastic Skills, 456
Progression and Developmental Level Placement, 457
Instructional Methodology for Gymnastics, 458
Safety Considerations, 460
Instructional Procedures, 460
Developmental Level I Activities, 463
Developmental Level II Activities, 478
Developmental Level III Activities, 496
For More Information, 510
Chapter 21. Cooperative Skills, 511
The Role of Cooperative Activities, 512
Teaching Cooperative Activities, 512
Group Challenges, 514
Activities with Parachutes, 522
For More Information, 528
Chapter 22. Game Skills, 529
Evaluating Games, 530
Creating or Modifying Games, 530
Cooperation and Competition, 531
Safety, 531
Teaching Games Effectively, 531
Selection of Games, 532
Sport Lead-Up Games, 536
Developmental Level I, 536
Developmental Level II, 551
Developmental Level III, 563
Miscellaneous Playground Games, 572
For More Information, 575
Section 7. Lifetime Activities and Sport Skills, 576
Chapter 23. Lifetime Activities, 576
Walking, 578
Orienteering, 582
Tennis, 585
Badminton, 592
Frisbees, 596
Bowling, 600
For More Information, 601
Chapter 24. Basketball, 603
Instructional Emphasis and Sequence, 604
Basketball Skills, 604
Instructional Procedures, 608
Basic Basketball Rules, 609
Basketball Drills, 610
Basketball Activities, 616
Basketball Skill Tests, 623
For More Information, 624
Chapter 25. Football, 625
Instructional Emphasis and Sequence, 626
Football Skills, 627
Instructional Procedures, 631
Football Drills, 631
Football Activities, 633
Football Skill Tests, 638
Flag Football Formations, 638
For More Information, 640
Chapter 26. Hockey, 641
Instructional Emphasis and Sequence, 642
Hockey Skills, 642
Instructional Procedures, 646
Hockey Drills, 646
Hockey Activities, 647
Hockey Skill Tests, 651
For More Information, 651
Chapter 27. Soccer, 652
Modifications of Soccer for Children, 653
Instructional Emphasis and Sequence, 653
Soccer Skills, 653
Soccer Drills, 658
Basic Soccer Rules for Lead-Up Games, 663
Soccer Activities, 664
Soccer Skill Tests, 671
For More Information, 672
Chapter 28. Softball, 673
Instructional Emphasis and Sequence, 674
Softball Skills, 674
Organizing for Instruction, 680
Basic Softball Rules, 681
Softball Drills, 682
Softball Activities, 683
Softball Skill Tests, 689
For More Information, 690
Chapter 29. Track, Field, and Cross-Country Running, 691
Instructional Emphasis and Sequence, 692
Track and Field Skills, 693
Running, 694
Instructional Procedures, 697
Organizing for Instruction, 697
Track and Field Drills and Activities, 698
Suggested Track Facility, 699
Conducting Track and Field Days, 699
Cross-Country Running, 701
Cross-Country Meets, 701
For More Information, 702
Chapter 30. Volleyball, 703
Instructional Emphasis and Sequence, 704
Volleyball Skills, 704
Instructional Procedures, 707
Organizing for Instruction, 707
Basic Volleyball Rules, 709
Volleyball Activities, 710
Volleyball Skill Tests, 714
For More Information, 714
Glossary, 715
General Index, 725
Activities Index, 739
Photo Credits, 748

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