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Abnormal Psychology, 2nd Edition

by Hansell, James H., University of Michigan; Damour, Lisa K., John Carroll University

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Copyright, iv
About the Authors, v
Preface, vii
Acknowledgments, xiv
A Guide to The Features, xvii
Brief Contents, xxii
Contents, xxiii
Chapter 1. Defining Abnormality: What Is Psychopathology?, 3
CASE Vignette, 3
Abnormal Psychology: The Core Concepts, 3
The Core Concepts, 4
The Importance of Context in Defining and Understanding Abnormality, 4
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Behavior, 5
Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Abnormality, 6
The Advantages and Limitations of Diagnosis, 6
The Principle of Multiple Causality, 6
The Connection Between Mind and Body, 7
The Core Concepts: A View from the Past, 7
Defining Abnormality, 9
CASE Vignette—Is Dave Abnormal?, 9
Commonly Used Criteria for Defining Abnormality, 9
Help Seeking, 10
Irrationality/Dangerousness, 10
Deviance, 12
Emotional Distress, 12
Significant Impairment, 13
Core Concepts in Defining Abnormality, 15
Cultural and Historical Relativism, 15
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Behavior, 17
Defining Abnormality: Practical Solutions, 18
Working Definitions of Psychopathology, 19
Chapter Summary, 22
Chapter 2. Explaining Abnormality: What Causes Psychopathology?, 25
CASE Vignette, 25
Explaining Abnormality: The Core Concepts, 26
Cultural and Historical Relativism, 26
The Principle of Multiple Causality, 31
The Connection Between Mind and Body, 33
The Theoretical Perspectives, 35
Biological Perspectives, 36
Psychodynamic Perspectives, 43
Humanistic and Existential Perspectives, 49
Behavioral Perspectives, 52
Cognitive Perspectives, 57
Sociocultural and Family Systems Perspectives, 63
Alternative Therapies and Mental Health Enhancement, 67
CASE Vignette—Explanation and Treatment, 68
Chapter Summary, 69
Chapter 3. Classifying Abnormality: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Research, 71
The Advantages and Limitations of Diagnosis, 71
Reliability, 73
Validity, 74
The History of Diagnostic Systems for Psychopathology, 75
The DSM-III Revolution and Controversy, 76
Advantages of the Modern DSM Approach, 79
Limitations of the Modern DSM Approach, 80
Using the DSM-IV-TR: Making a Multiaxial Diagnosis, 82
Axis I and Axis II, 83
Axes III, IV, and V, 84
A Complete DSM-IV-TR Diagnosis, 87
Assessment, 88
Interviews, 88
Tests, 89
Behavioral Observation, 99
Diagnosis and Assessment in Perspective: Classifying and Understanding Dave, 102
Interview with Dave, 102
Dave’s Test Results, 103
Behavioral Observations of Dave, 105
The Advantages and Limitations of the Diagnosis of Dave, 106
Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology, 106
The Goals of Research and Scientific Thinking, 106
Statistical and Clinical Significance, 111
Research Ethics, 111
Chapter Summary, 113
Chapter 4. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, 115
CASE Vignettes, 115
Defining Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders, 115
The Importance of Context in Defining Anxiety Disorders, 116
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Anxiety, 116
Classifying Anxiety Disorders, 117
The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 119
The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Anxiety Disorder Diagnoses, 129
Classification in Demographic Context, 129
Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Anxiety Disorders, 132
Explaining and Treating Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders, 135
Biological Components, 135
Behavioral Components, 142
Cognitive Components, 147
Psychodynamic Components, 153
Humanistic and Existential Components, 156
The Multiple Causality of Anxiety Disorders, 156
The Connection Between Mind and Body in Anxiety Disorders, 157
CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 159
Chapter Summary, 161
Chapter 5. Mood and the Mood Disorders, 163
CASE Vignettes, 163
Defining Mood and Mood Disorders, 164
The Importance of Context in Defining Mood Disorders, 164
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Mood, 164
Classifying Mood Disorders, 165
Historical Relativism in Classifying Mood Disorders, 165
The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 166
Classification in Demographic Context, 177
Explaining and Treating Mood Disorders, 181
Biological Components, 181
Cognitive Components, 191
Behavioral Components, 194
Psychodynamic Components, 196
Sociocultural and Family Systems Components, 199
Multiple Causality of Mood Disorders, 200
CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 201
Chapter Summary, 203
Chapter 6. Psychological Stress and Physical Disorders, 205
CASE Vignettes, 205
Psychophysiology: Defining Psychological Stress, 205
Cognitive Appraisal of Stress, 206
Categorizing Stressors, 207
Life Events, 207
Chronic Stress, 209
Daily Hassles, 209
Catastrophic Events, 210
Explaining Stress and Health: Psychophysiological Disorders, 211
Psychological Stress and Unhealthy Behaviors, 212
Psychological Stress and Adverse Physiological Reactions, 212
Psychological Stress, Personality Traits, and Health, 217
Reducing Stress and Treating Psychophysiological Disorders, 219
Relaxation and Meditation, 219
Exercise, 220
Biofeedback, 220
Cognitive Retraining, 220
Social Support, 221
Defining the Somatoform Disorders, 224
Classifying the Somatoform Disorders, 225
The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 227
The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Somatoform Diagnoses, 233
Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Somatoform Disorders, 234
Classification in Demographic Context, 234
Explaining and Treating the Somatoform Disorders, 236
Psychodynamic Components, 236
Cognitive-Behavioral Components, 237
Sociocultural Components, 240
Biological Components, 240
The Connection Between Mind and Body in Somatoform Disorders, 241
CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 242
Chapter Summary, 243
Chapter 7. Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders, 245
CASE Vignettes, 245
Defining Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders, 246
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Dissociation, 246
The Importance of Context in Defining Dissociative Disorders, 247
Classifying Dissociative Disorders, 247
The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 247
Classification in Demographic Context, 254
Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Dissociative Disorders, 256
The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Dissociative Disorder Diagnoses, 257
Explaining and Treating Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders, 264
Psychodynamic Components, 264
Behavioral Components, 265
Cognitive Components, 266
Biological Components, 268
The Multiple Causality of Dissociative Disorders, 269
CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 271
Chapter Summary, 273
Chapter 8. Eating, Weight, and the Eating Disorders, 275
CASE Vignettes, 275
Defining Eating Disorders, 276
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Eating, 277
The Importance of Context in Defining Abnormal Eating, 278
Classifying Eating Disorders, 278
The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 279
Classification in Demographic Context, 284
Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Eating Disorders, 288
The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorder Diagnoses, 288
Explaining and Treating Eating Disorders, 292
Psychodynamic Components, 292
Family Systems Components, 294
Cognitive-Behavioral Components, 296
Sociocultural Components, 300
Biological Components, 301
The Connection Between Mind and Body in Eating Disorders, 303
The Multiple Causality of Eating Disorders, 304
CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 305
Chapter Summary, 307
Chapter 9. Drug Use and the Substance Use Disorders, 309
CASE Vignettes, 309
Defining Substance Use Disorders, 310
The Importance of Context in Defining Substance Use Disorders, 311
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Substance Use, 313
Classifying Substance Use Disorders, 314
The DSM-IV-TR Substance Use Disorders, 314
The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Diagnoses, 319
Commonly Abused Substances, 319
Classification in Demographic Context, 340
Explaining and Treating Substance Use Disorders, 341
Biological Components, 344
Behavioral Components, 348
Cognitive Components, 349
Sociocultural and Family Systems Components, 350
The Twelve-Step Approach, 353
Multiple Causality and the Connection Between Mind and Body in Substance Use Disorders, 355
CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 356
Chapter Summary, 358
Appendix: Histories of Some Commonly Abused Substances, 358
Chapter 10. Sex, Gender, and the Sexual Disorders, 365
CASE Vignettes, 365
Defining Sexual Disorders, 367
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Sexuality and the Importance of Context in Defining Abnormality, 367
Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Sexual Disorders, 367
Classifying Sexual Disorders, 370
The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 372
Explaining and Treating Sexual Disorders: The Paraphilias, 390
Psychodynamic Components, 390
Cognitive-Behavioral Components, 392
Biological Components, 393
Gender Identity Disorder, 394
Explaining Gender Identity Disorder, 400
Treating Gender Identity Disorder, 402
CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 404
Chapter Summary, 407
Chapter 11. Personality and the Personality Disorders, 409
CASE Vignettes, 409
Defining Personality and the Personality Disorders, 409
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Personality, 410
Classifying, Explaining, and Treating Personality Disorders, 411
Paranoid Personality Disorder, 412
Schizoid Personality Disorder, 416
Schizotypal Personality Disorder, 418
Antisocial Personality Disorder, 420
Borderline Personality Disorder, 424
Histrionic Personality Disorder, 430
Narcissistic Personality Disorder, 434
Avoidant Personality Disorder, 436
Dependent Personality Disorder, 438
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder, 440
Classification in Demographic Context, 446
Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Personality Disorders, 448
The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Personality Disorder Diagnoses, 449
CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 451
Chapter Summary, 453
Chapter 12. Psychosis and Schizophrenia, 455
CASE Vignette, 455
Defining Psychosis and Schizophrenia, 455
Classifying Psychosis and Schizophrenia, 456
Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Schizophrenia, 457
The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 460
Classification in Demographic Context, 470
Explaining and Treating Schizophrenia, 471
Biological Components, 472
Cognitive Components, 490
Behavioral Components, 491
Sociocultural Components, 492
Family Systems Components, 493
Psychodynamic Components, 494
The Multiple Causality of Schizophrenia, 495
CASE Vignette—Treatment, 496
Chapter Summary, 497
Chapter 13. Disorders of Childhood, 499
CASE Vignettes, 499
Defining Disorders of Childhood, 499
The Importance of Context in Defining and Understanding Childhood Disorders, 501
The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Childhood Behavior, 502
Classifying, Explaining, and Treating Disorders of Childhood, 502
Mental Retardation, 504
Learning Disorders, 508
Pervasive Developmental Disorders, 512
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, 520
Separation Anxiety Disorder, 533
The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Childhood Diagnoses, 536
Classification in Demographic Context, 538
Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Childhood Disorders, 540
CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 541
Chapter Summary, 543
Chapter 14. Cognitive Disorders, 545
CASE Vignette, 545
Defining and Classifying Cognitive Disorders, 545
The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 545
Explaining and Treating Cognitive Disorders, 548
Delirium, 548
Dementia, 550
Amnesia, 557
Classification in Demographic Context, 558
CASE Vignette—Treatment, 560
Chapter Summary, 561
Glossary, 562
References, 576
Name Index, 648
Subject Index, 664
End Paper, rm-1

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