CourseSmart - 9780470073872 - Abnormal Psychology, 2nd Edition

Abnormal Psychology, 2nd Edition

by Hansell, James H., University of Michigan ; Damour, Lisa K., John Carroll University

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Publishing Date: 2008/01/09

eText ISBN-10

0-470-28362-9

eText ISBN-13

978-0-470-28362-2

Print ISBN-10

0-470-07387-X

Print ISBN-13

978-0-470-07387-2

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Abnormal Psychology, 2nd Edition

by Hansell, James H., University of Michigan ; Damour, Lisa K., John Carroll University

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About the Authors, v

Preface, vii

Chapter 1. Defining Abnormality: What Is Psychopathology?, 3

CASE Vignette, 3

Abnormal Psychology: The Core Concepts, 3

The Core Concepts, 4

The Importance of Context in Defining and Understanding Abnormality, 4

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Behavior, 5

Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Abnormality, 6

The Advantages and Limitations of Diagnosis, 6

The Principle of Multiple Causality, 6

The Connection Between Mind and Body, 7

The Core Concepts: A View from the Past, 7

Defining Abnormality, 9

CASE Vignette—Is Dave Abnormal?, 9

Commonly Used Criteria for Defining Abnormality, 9

Help Seeking, 10

Irrationality/Dangerousness, 10

Deviance, 12

Emotional Distress, 12

Significant Impairment, 13

Core Concepts in Defining Abnormality, 15

Cultural and Historical Relativism, 15

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Behavior, 17

Defining Abnormality: Practical Solutions, 18

Working Definitions of Psychopathology, 19

Chapter Summary, 22

Chapter 2. Explaining Abnormality: What Causes Psychopathology?, 25

CASE Vignette, 25

Explaining Abnormality: The Core Concepts, 26

Cultural and Historical Relativism, 26

The Principle of Multiple Causality, 31

The Connection Between Mind and Body, 33

The Theoretical Perspectives, 35

Biological Perspectives, 36

Psychodynamic Perspectives, 43

Humanistic and Existential Perspectives, 49

Behavioral Perspectives, 52

Cognitive Perspectives, 57

Sociocultural and Family Systems Perspectives, 63

Alternative Therapies and Mental Health Enhancement, 67

CASE Vignette—Explanation and Treatment, 68

Chapter Summary, 69

Chapter 3. Classifying Abnormality: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Research, 71

The Advantages and Limitations of Diagnosis, 71

Reliability, 73

Validity, 74

The History of Diagnostic Systems for Psychopathology, 75

The DSM-III Revolution and Controversy, 76

Advantages of the Modern DSM Approach, 79

Limitations of the Modern DSM Approach, 80

Using the DSM-IV-TR: Making a Multiaxial Diagnosis, 82

Axis I and Axis II, 83

Axes III, IV, and V, 84

A Complete DSM-IV-TR Diagnosis, 87

Assessment, 88

Interviews, 88

Tests, 89

Behavioral Observation, 99

Diagnosis and Assessment in Perspective: Classifying and Understanding Dave, 102

Interview with Dave, 102

Dave’s Test Results, 103

Behavioral Observations of Dave, 105

The Advantages and Limitations of the Diagnosis of Dave, 106

Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology, 106

The Goals of Research and Scientific Thinking, 106

Statistical and Clinical Significance, 111

Research Ethics, 111

Chapter Summary, 113

Chapter 4. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, 115

CASE Vignettes, 115

Defining Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders, 115

The Importance of Context in Defining Anxiety Disorders, 116

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Anxiety, 116

Classifying Anxiety Disorders, 117

The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 119

The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Anxiety Disorder Diagnoses, 129

Classification in Demographic Context, 129

Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Anxiety Disorders, 132

Explaining and Treating Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders, 135

Biological Components, 135

Behavioral Components, 142

Cognitive Components, 147

Psychodynamic Components, 153

Humanistic and Existential Components, 156

The Multiple Causality of Anxiety Disorders, 156

The Connection Between Mind and Body in Anxiety Disorders, 157

CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 159

Chapter Summary, 161

Chapter 5. Mood and the Mood Disorders, 163

CASE Vignettes, 163

Defining Mood and Mood Disorders, 164

The Importance of Context in Defining Mood Disorders, 164

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Mood, 164

Classifying Mood Disorders, 165

Historical Relativism in Classifying Mood Disorders, 165

The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 166

Classification in Demographic Context, 177

Explaining and Treating Mood Disorders, 181

Biological Components, 181

Cognitive Components, 191

Behavioral Components, 194

Psychodynamic Components, 196

Sociocultural and Family Systems Components, 199

Multiple Causality of Mood Disorders, 200

CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 201

Chapter Summary, 203

Chapter 6. Psychological Stress and Physical Disorders, 205

CASE Vignettes, 205

Psychophysiology: Defining Psychological Stress, 205

Cognitive Appraisal of Stress, 206

Categorizing Stressors, 207

Life Events, 207

Chronic Stress, 209

Daily Hassles, 209

Catastrophic Events, 210

Explaining Stress and Health: Psychophysiological Disorders, 211

Psychological Stress and Unhealthy Behaviors, 212

Psychological Stress and Adverse Physiological Reactions, 212

Psychological Stress, Personality Traits, and Health, 217

Reducing Stress and Treating Psychophysiological Disorders, 219

Relaxation and Meditation, 219

Exercise, 220

Biofeedback, 220

Cognitive Retraining, 220

Social Support, 221

Defining the Somatoform Disorders, 224

Classifying the Somatoform Disorders, 225

The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 227

The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Somatoform Diagnoses, 233

Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Somatoform Disorders, 234

Classification in Demographic Context, 234

Explaining and Treating the Somatoform Disorders, 236

Psychodynamic Components, 236

Cognitive-Behavioral Components, 237

Sociocultural Components, 240

Biological Components, 240

The Connection Between Mind and Body in Somatoform Disorders, 241

CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 242

Chapter Summary, 243

Chapter 7. Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders, 245

CASE Vignettes, 245

Defining Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders, 246

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Dissociation, 246

The Importance of Context in Defining Dissociative Disorders, 247

Classifying Dissociative Disorders, 247

The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 247

Classification in Demographic Context, 254

Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Dissociative Disorders, 256

The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Dissociative Disorder Diagnoses, 257

Explaining and Treating Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders, 264

Psychodynamic Components, 264

Behavioral Components, 265

Cognitive Components, 266

Biological Components, 268

The Multiple Causality of Dissociative Disorders, 269

CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 271

Chapter Summary, 273

Chapter 8. Eating, Weight, and the Eating Disorders, 275

CASE Vignettes, 275

Defining Eating Disorders, 276

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Eating, 277

The Importance of Context in Defining Abnormal Eating, 278

Classifying Eating Disorders, 278

The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 279

Classification in Demographic Context, 284

Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Eating Disorders, 288

The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Eating Disorder Diagnoses, 288

Explaining and Treating Eating Disorders, 292

Psychodynamic Components, 292

Family Systems Components, 294

Cognitive-Behavioral Components, 296

Sociocultural Components, 300

Biological Components, 301

The Connection Between Mind and Body in Eating Disorders, 303

The Multiple Causality of Eating Disorders, 304

CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 305

Chapter Summary, 307

Chapter 9. Drug Use and the Substance Use Disorders, 309

CASE Vignettes, 309

Defining Substance Use Disorders, 310

The Importance of Context in Defining Substance Use Disorders, 311

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Substance Use, 313

Classifying Substance Use Disorders, 314

The DSM-IV-TR Substance Use Disorders, 314

The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Diagnoses, 319

Commonly Abused Substances, 319

Classification in Demographic Context, 340

Explaining and Treating Substance Use Disorders, 341

Biological Components, 344

Behavioral Components, 348

Cognitive Components, 349

Sociocultural and Family Systems Components, 350

The Twelve-Step Approach, 353

Multiple Causality and the Connection Between Mind and Body in Substance Use Disorders, 355

CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 356

Chapter Summary, 358

Appendix: Histories of Some Commonly Abused Substances, 358

Chapter 10. Sex, Gender, and the Sexual Disorders, 365

CASE Vignettes, 365

Defining Sexual Disorders, 367

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Sexuality and the Importance of Context in Defining Abnormality, 367

Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Sexual Disorders, 367

Classifying Sexual Disorders, 370

The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 372

Explaining and Treating Sexual Disorders: The Paraphilias, 390

Psychodynamic Components, 390

Cognitive-Behavioral Components, 392

Biological Components, 393

Gender Identity Disorder, 394

Explaining Gender Identity Disorder, 400

Treating Gender Identity Disorder, 402

CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 404

Chapter Summary, 407

Chapter 11. Personality and the Personality Disorders, 409

CASE Vignettes, 409

Defining Personality and the Personality Disorders, 409

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Personality, 410

Classifying, Explaining, and Treating Personality Disorders, 411

Paranoid Personality Disorder, 412

Schizoid Personality Disorder, 416

Schizotypal Personality Disorder, 418

Antisocial Personality Disorder, 420

Borderline Personality Disorder, 424

Histrionic Personality Disorder, 430

Narcissistic Personality Disorder, 434

Avoidant Personality Disorder, 436

Dependent Personality Disorder, 438

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder, 440

Classification in Demographic Context, 446

Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Personality Disorders, 448

The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Personality Disorder Diagnoses, 449

CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 451

Chapter Summary, 453

Chapter 12. Psychosis and Schizophrenia, 455

CASE Vignette, 455

Defining Psychosis and Schizophrenia, 455

Classifying Psychosis and Schizophrenia, 456

Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Schizophrenia, 457

The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 460

Classification in Demographic Context, 470

Explaining and Treating Schizophrenia, 471

Biological Components, 472

Cognitive Components, 490

Behavioral Components, 491

Sociocultural Components, 492

Family Systems Components, 493

Psychodynamic Components, 494

The Multiple Causality of Schizophrenia, 495

CASE Vignette—Treatment, 496

Chapter Summary, 497

Chapter 13. Disorders of Childhood, 499

CASE Vignettes, 499

Defining Disorders of Childhood, 499

The Importance of Context in Defining and Understanding Childhood Disorders, 501

The Continuum Between Normal and Abnormal Childhood Behavior, 502

Classifying, Explaining, and Treating Disorders of Childhood, 502

Mental Retardation, 504

Learning Disorders, 508

Pervasive Developmental Disorders, 512

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, 520

Separation Anxiety Disorder, 533

The Advantages and Limitations of the DSM-IV-TR Childhood Diagnoses, 536

Classification in Demographic Context, 538

Cultural and Historical Relativism in Defining and Classifying Childhood Disorders, 540

CASE Vignettes—Treatment, 541

Chapter Summary, 543

Chapter 14. Cognitive Disorders, 545

CASE Vignette, 545

Defining and Classifying Cognitive Disorders, 545

The DSM-IV-TR Categories, 545

Explaining and Treating Cognitive Disorders, 548

Delirium, 548

Dementia, 550

Amnesia, 557

Classification in Demographic Context, 558

CASE Vignette—Treatment, 560

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