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Copyright, iv
About the Author, v
Preface, vii
Brief Contents, x
Contents, xi
Part 1. An Introduction to Computers and Educational Technology, 1
Chapter 1. Historical Past, 3
Before the Modern Computer, 3
Beginning of the Computer, 4
The Modern Computer, 4
Mark I, 5
The ABC, 5
The First Generation of Computers, 6
The Second Generation of Computers, 7
The Third Generation of Computers, 7
The Fourth Generation of Computers—The Microcomputer, 7
The Fifth Generation of Computers, 10
Computers in Education, 10
An Educator’s Perspective, 10
Summary, 14
Chapter 1 Online Resources, 14
Chapter Mastery Test, 14
Key Terms, 15
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 15
Suggested Readings and References, 15
Chapter 2. Getting Started on the Computer, 17
What is a Computer?, 17
Elements of a Computer, 18
Computer Chips, 18
Circuit Boards, 19
Central Processing Unit, 19
Memory, 20
Binary Notation, 20
Operating Systems, 21
Macintosh OS X–Leopard, 21
Windows Vista, 22
Linux, 22
Hardware Overview, 23
Input Devices, 23
Handheld Computers, 24
Output Devices, 25
Screen Displays, 25
Classroom Presentation Devices, 26
Storage Devices, 26
Fax Machine and Modem, 27
IPod, 28
Computer Selection Criteria, 28
Ability to Run Software Applications, 28
Type of Computer, 28
Memory, 29
Expandability, 29
Speed, 29
Keyboard, 29
Hard Disk Space, 29
Video Output, 29
Video RAM (VRAM), 30
Sound, 30
Peripherals, 30
Hardware Reliability and Dealer Support, 30
Cost, 30
The Hardware Checklist, 31
Summary, 32
Chapter 2 Online Resources, 32
Chapter Mastery Test, 32
Key Terms, 33
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 33
Suggested Readings and References, 33
Part 2. Integrating the Internet into the Classroom, 35
Chapter 3. Networking, Internet, and Distance Learning, 37
What is Networking?, 37
Networks, 38
Wireless Networks in the Schools, 38
Advantages and Disadvantages of Networking, 39
The Internet, 39
Recent Growth of the Internet, 40
Internet 2, 40
Connecting to the Internet, 40
The Modem, 40
Cable Modem, 41
Digital Subscriber Lines, 41
Satellite Data Service, 41
Internet Service Providers (ISPs), 42
Internet Resources, 42
Electronic Mail, 42
Netiquette, 43
Chat Rooms, 44
Instant Messaging, 44
Internet Relay Chat (IRC), 44
Skype, 45
Newsgroups, 45
World Wide Web, 45
Distance Education and Distance Learning Defined, 45
Distance Learning: A Brief History, 45
Distance Learning Technologies, 46
Video Courses, 47
Desktop Video Conferencing, 47
Different Approaches to Distance Learning, 48
The Future of Distance Education, 48
Drawbacks of Distance Education, 50
Suggestions for Integrating the Internet into the Classroom, 51
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 51
I. E-Mail, 51
II. Economics, 52
III. Chemical and Physical Weathering, 52
IV. Lesson Plans, 53
V. Presidents, 53
VI. Famous Art Treasures, 54
Summary, 54
Chapter 3 Online Resources, 54
Chapter Mastery Test, 55
Key Terms, 55
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 55
Suggested Readings and References, 55
Chapter 4. The Web, 57
What is the World Wide Web?, 57
A Brief History, 58
World Wide Web 1.0 and World Wide Web 2.0, 59
Finding a Web Page, 59
Search Engines, 59
How to Search, 60
Multimedia via the Internet, 62
Streaming Video, 62
Streaming Audio, 63
Plug-ins, 63
Web Site Evaluation, 63
Download Time, 63
Navigation Ease, 63
Appearance, 64
Graphics, Videos, and Sounds, 64
Content, 64
Currency, 64
Credibility, 64
Integrating the Web into the Classroom, 64
Web Sites to Use in the Classroom, 64
Multisubject, 64
Web Site Rating Scale, 65
Language Arts, 66
Math, 68
Social Studies, 68
Science, 70
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 72
I. Combining Geography with Art, 72
II. Weather Trackers, 72
III. Wacky Stories, 72
IV. History Puzzles, 73
V. Building a Home Page, 73
VI. Scavenger Hunts, 73
WebQuests, 73
Web Page Creation, 75
Hypertext Markup Language, 77
Guidelines for Creating a Web Page, 77
Web Development Tools, 78
Web Utilities, 78
Subscription-Based Sites, 78
Summary, 81
Chapter 4 Online Resources, 81
Chapter Mastery Test, 81
Key Terms, 81
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 82
Suggested Readings and References, 82
Chapter 5. Internet Issues, 83
Internet Problems, 83
Internet Security Problems, 83
Spam, 84
Phishing Attacks, 85
Safety Concerns, 85
Privacy Violation, 85
Viruses and Worms, 87
Crime, 89
Identity Theft, 90
Plagiarism on the Internet, 91
Copyright Infringement, 91
Software Piracy, 92
Security, 95
Unequal Access, 97
Health Risks Using Computers, 97
Summary, 99
Chapter 5 Online Resources, 99
Chapter Mastery Test, 99
Key Terms, 99
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 100
Suggested Readings and References, 100
Part 3. Using and Selecting Educational Technology, 101
Chapter 6. Word Processing, 103
Historical Background, 103
What is a Word Processor?, 104
Components of Word Processing, 104
Standard Word Processing Features, 105
Cursor Control, 105
Word Wrap, 105
Page Breaks, 105
Basic Word Processing Editing Features, 105
Insert, 105
Delete, 105
Find and Replace, 105
Cut and Paste, 105
Copy, 106
Drag and Drop, 106
Spelling Checkers, 106
Grammar Checkers, 107
Thesaurus, 107
Standard Formatting Functions, 108
Font, 108
Justification, 108
Advanced Word Processing Features, 108
Saving and Printing, 110
Evaluation of Word Processing Programs, 112
Hardware Compatibility, 112
Instructional Design and Features, 112
Ease of Use, 113
Safety Features, 114
Consumer Value, 115
Support, 115
Word Processing Program Checklist, 116
Integrating a Word Processor into the Classroom, 116
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 118
I. Traveling Abroad, 118
II. Newsletter, 119
III. Writing a Wacky Story, 120
IV. Unscramble the Story, 121
V. Web Page, 122
Summary, 123
Chapter 6 Online Resources, 123
Chapter Mastery Test, 123
Key Terms, 123
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 124
Suggested Readings and References, 124
Chapter 7. Desktop Publishing, 125
Word Processing versus Desktop Publishing, 125
Historical Background, 125
What is Desktop Publishing?, 126
Basic Desktop Publishing Features, 127
Page Layout, 128
Word Processing, 129
Editing, 129
Formatting, 129
Style Sheets and Templates, 129
Graphics, 130
Tools, 131
Page View, 132
Web Page Creation, 132
Learning to Use a Desktop Publishing Program, 132
How to Choose a Good Desktop Publishing Program, 135
Hardware Compatibility, 135
General Features, 135
Instructional Design, 136
Ease of Use, 136
Consumer Value, 136
Support, 136
Desktop Publishing Program Checklist, 137
Integrating Desktop Publishing into the Classroom, 137
Desktop Publishing Programs for the Classroom, 137
Design and Layout Tips, 137
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 140
I. Newsletter Design, 140
II. Student Stories, 140
III. Math Stories, 141
IV. Science Experiments, 141
V. Historical Figures, 142
VI. Newsletter Production, 143
Additional Activities, 144
Summary, 145
Chapter 7 Online Resources, 145
Chapter Mastery Test, 145
Key Terms, 146
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 146
Suggested Readings and References, 146
Chapter 8. Databases, 147
What is a Database?, 147
Advantages of an Electronic Database, 148
How a Database Works, 149
Retrieving Information, 150
Sorting Information, 152
Types of Databases, 152
Hierarchical Databases, 152
Network Databases, 152
Free-Form Databases, 153
HyperCard Databases, 153
Relational Databases, 154
Flat-File Databases, 154
How to Choose a Database for the Classroom, 155
Hardware Compatibility, 155
General Features, 156
Sorting, 156
Changing and Updating, 156
Searching or Retrieving, 156
Deleting and Adding, 156
Printing, 156
Advanced Features, 156
Flexibility, 157
Ease of Use, 157
Consumer Value, 157
Support, 158
Integrating the Database into the Classroom, 159
Teacher Practice Activities, 159
Database Checklist, 160
Database 1, 161
Database 2, 162
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 163
I. Planets, 163
II. Doing a Book Report, 164
III. Finding Out about Dinosaurs, 165
IV. State Sheet, 166
V. States, 167
VI. Music, 168
Summary, 169
Chapter 8 Online Resources, 170
Chapter Mastery Test, 170
Key Terms, 170
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 170
Suggested Readings and References, 171
Chapter 9. Spreadsheets and Integrated Programs, 172
What is a Spreadsheet?, 172
Historical Overview, 172
Components of a Spreadsheet, 173
How a Spreadsheet Operates, 174
Why Use an Electronic Spreadsheet?, 177
Basic Features of a Spreadsheet, 178
Advanced Features of a Spreadsheet, 178
Logical Functions, 178
Database Capabilities, 179
Windows, 179
Desktop Publishing Tools, 179
Internet Capabilities, 179
Macros, 179
How to Select a Good Spreadsheet for the Classroom, 179
Hardware Compatibility, 180
General Features, 180
Ease of Use, 180
Consumer Value, 181
Support, 182
Integrating a Spreadsheet into the Classroom, 182
Spreadsheet Checklist, 183
Teacher Practice Activity, 185
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 186
I. Speed and Distance, 186
II. Expense Tracking, 187
III. Family and Consumer Education, 188
IV. The Pendulum, 188
V. The Election, 189
VI. Acid Rain, 190
Integrated Programs, 191
Alternatives to Integrated Programs, 191
Summary, 192
Chapter 9: Online Resources, 193
Chapter Mastery Test, 193
Key Terms, 193
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 193
Suggested Readings and References, 194
Chapter 10. Digital Photography and Newer Technologies, 195
Introduction, 195
What is a Digital Camera?, 195
Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Photography, 196
How to Choose a Digital Camera, 197
Types of Digital Cameras, 197
Megapixels, 197
Lens Quality, 198
Liquid Crystal Displays and Viewfinders, 198
Memory Cards, 198
Optical versus Digital Zoom, 199
Power Supply, 199
Formats, 199
Cost, Weight, Price, and Feel, 200
Photography Software, 200
Digital Cameras in the Classroom, 201
Digital Camera Checklist, 202
Emerging Web Technologies, 204
Blog (Weblog), 204
Podcast, 205
Integrating the Podcast into the Classroom, 205
Sound Editing, 206
Wikis, 207
Collaborative Editing, 208
Social Networking, 208
Social Bookmarking, 209
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 209
I. Recording Your Travels, 209
II. Learning Words, 210
III. Historical Podcast, 211
IV. Music Podcast, 212
V. My Blog, 212
Summary, 213
Chapter 10 Online Resources, 213
Chapter Mastery Test, 213
Key Terms, 214
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 214
Suggested Readings and References, 214
Chapter 11. Multimedia and Video Technology, 216
What is Multimedia?, 216
Historical Perspective, 216
Hypertext and Hypermedia, 217
Hypermedia Authoring Tools, 218
HyperCard and HyperStudio, 218
PowerPoint, 218
Keynote, 220
Classroom Suggestions for Using Hypermedia, 220
Guidelines for Creating a Multimedia Presentation, 222
Computer Multimedia Project Checklist, 223
Multimedia Software, 224
Inspiration, 224
Squibs, 225
Video Camera in the Classroom, 225
What is a Video Camera?, 225
Digital Video Camera Technology, 226
How to Choose a Video Camera, 227
Digital Video Camera Checklist, 228
Video Editing Technology, 229
Movies in the Classroom, 229
YouTube, 230
Video Blog, 230
Digital Storytelling, 231
Video and Sound Players, 231
Morphing and Warping Technology, 232
Virtual Reality, 233
Second Life, 234
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 235
I. Organizing Your Thoughts, 235
II. Animal Research, 236
III. Traveling to Another Country, 237
IV. Math Concepts, 237
V. Famous Generals, 238
Summary, 239
Chapter 11 Online Resources, 239
Chapter Mastery Test, 239
Key Terms, 239
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 240
Suggested Readings and References, 240
Chapter 12. Selecting Software and Integrating It into the Classroom, 242
Computer-Assisted Instruction, 242
Historical Background, 242
Types of CAI, 243
Tutorial Programs, 243
Simulation Programs, 245
Drill-and-Practice Programs, 245
Problem-Solving Programs, 246
Game Programs, 247
Subject-Area Software, 249
Mathematics Programs, 249
Science Programs, 250
Social Studies Programs, 251
Language Arts and Reading Programs, 251
Computer-Managed Instruction, 252
Integrated Learning Systems, 253
Public Domain Software, Freeware, Shareware, and Open Source, 255
Software Selection: A General Guide, 255
Identify the Software Needs of Your Population, 255
Locating Software, 256
Hardware Compatibility, 257
Program Content, 257
Instructional Design, 257
Ease of Use, 258
Consumer Value, 258
Support, 258
Software Program Checklist, 259
Guidelines for Setting up a Software Library, 260
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 260
I. Math for the Real World, 260
II. Animal Book, 261
III. Writing an Article, 261
IV. My Story, 262
Summary, 262
Chapter 12 Online Resources, 263
Chapter Mastery Test, 263
Key Terms, 263
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 264
Suggested Readings and References, 264
Chapter 13. Technology in Special Education: Assistive Technology, 265
Students with Disabilities, 265
Learning Disabilities, 265
Students with Vision Impairments or Blindness, 267
Students with Hearing and Speech Impairments, 268
Students with Health Problems, 269
Adaptive Technology, 269
Keyboard Modifications, 270
Discover Switch, 270
IntelliKeys Keyboard, 270
Touch Screen, 271
Personal Scanning Pens, 271
Portable Keyboards, 272
Universal Design for Learning, 272
Software for the Special Education Classroom, 273
Reading, 273
Word Processing Applications, 275
Math, 276
Science, Social Studies, and Miscellaneous Programs, 276
Multimedia, 277
Assistive/Adaptive Technology Checklist, 279
Laws Affecting Special Education, 280
Mainstreaming, 280
Inclusion, 281
Adapting Classroom Lesson Plans for Students with Disabilities, 281
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 281
I. Using Face Puppets, 281
II. Using the Web to Do Historical Research, 282
III. Writing Stories, 283
IV. Traveling to Different Countries, 283
V. The Alphabet, 284
VI. Comparison Shopping, 285
VII. Brushing Your Teeth, 286
Summary, 287
Chapter 13 Online Resources, 287
Chapter Mastery Test, 287
Key Terms, 288
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 288
Suggested Readings and References, 288
Chapter 14. Teacher Support Tools and Music, Art, and Graphic Software, 290
What Are Teacher Support Tools?, 290
Teacher Support Tools, 291
Grade Books, 291
Test Generators, 293
Rubric Builders, 293
Puzzle Makers, 294
Worksheet Generators, Time Liners, Organizers, and Other Support Tools, 295
Statistical Programs, 298
Teacher Support Tools on the Internet, 299
Electronic Portfolios, 300
Clip Art Collections, 302
Teacher Support Tools Checklist, 303
Individualized Education Plan Generators, 304
What is Graphics Software?, 304
Graphics Software, 304
Graphing and Charting Software, 304
Presentation Graphics Programs, 306
Print Graphics Programs, 307
Art Software, 307
Draw versus Painting Tools, 307
Computer-Aided Design Applications, 309
Music Technology, 310
Sample Classroom Lesson Plans, 311
I. Presidential Election Survey, 311
II. State Data Sheet, 312
III. Educational Sign About Drugs, 312
IV. Math Riddle Card, 313
V. Geometric Patterns, 314
VI. Cells, 314
VII. Making Music, 315
Summary, 315
Chapter 14 Online Resources, 316
Chapter Mastery Test, 316
Key Terms, 316
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 316
Suggested Readings and References, 317
Part 4. What Teachers Should Know about Educational Technology, 319
Chapter 15. One Computer in the Classroom, 321
One Computer in the Classroom, 321
Selection of Software, 321
Collection of Equipment, 324
Classroom Organization, 324
Team Approach, 325
Software Time Factor, 325
Group Involvement, 325
Integrating the Computer into the Classroom, 326
The Potential of a One-Computer Classroom, 329
Computer Labs, 330
The Wireless Mobile Lab, 331
Summary, 332
Chapter 15 Online Resources, 332
Chapter Mastery Test, 332
Key Terms, 332
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 332
Suggested Readings and References, 333
Chapter 16. Learning Theorists and Research, 334
Learning Theories and Technology Integration, 334
The Teacher-Directed Approach, 334
The Constructivism Approach, 335
Computer-Assisted Instruction Research Findings, 337
Achievement, 337
Gender Differences, 338
Science Simulations, 339
Word Processing, 340
Students with Learning Disabilities, 340
Motivation and Attitude, 341
Distance Learning Research, 342
Problems with the Research, 342
Research Generalizations, 343
Summary, 343
Chapter 16 Study Online Resources, 344
Chapter Mastery Test, 344
Key Terms, 344
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 344
Suggested Readings and References, 344
Chapter 17. The Future, 348
Future Trends, 348
Computer Hardware, 348
Electronic Books, 349
Handheld Computers, 351
Computer Desktop Replacements, 351
Wireless Networks in the Schools, 353
Voice Recognition Systems, 354
Artificial Intelligence, 354
Robots, 355
Virtual Reality, 356
Computer Use by People with Disabilities, 358
Technology Classrooms, 359
Emerging Technologies in Education, 360
Clickers, 360
Open Journaling, 361
Screencasting, 361
Remote Instrumentation, 361
Software, 361
Trends and Interesting Developments, 362
Trends, 362
Interesting Developments, 362
Concluding Thoughts, 363
Lessons We Have Learned, 363
Summary, 364
Chapter 17 Online Resources, 364
Chapter Mastery Test, 364
Key Terms, 365
Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio, 365
Suggested Readings and References, 365
Appendix A. Directory of Selected Software Publishers, 367
Appendix B. Recommended Mail-Order and Online Software Sources, 370
Glossary, 371
Index, 381
Endpaper, rm-1

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