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Introduction to Business Information Systems, Canadian Edition

by Huber, Mark W., The University of Georgia; Piercy, Craig A., The University of Georgia; McKeown, Patrick G., The University of Georgia; Norrie, James, Ryerson University

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Copyright, iv
About the Authors, vi
Preface, viii
Logon, 1
What Are Data, Information, and Technology?, 1
The Data-Information-Knowledge Continuum, 1
Defining Competitive Advantage, 3
So What Do I Really Need to Know?, 4
Our Spiral Model, 5
Part One. The Individual Perspective, 9
Chapter 1. Introduction to the Business Context, 10
Business Organizations and the Business Environment, 12
The Changing Organization Form, 13
Globalization, 14
The Internet, 14
Becoming a Knowledge-Enabled Professional, 17
Lifelong Knowledge Creation, 18
What Is an Information System?, 21
Types of IS, 23
IS Components and Types, 23
IS Security, 23
Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Information Technology, 36
The Components of IT, 40
Hardware, 42
Processing Hardware, 43
Memory, 44
Input Hardware, 45
Output Hardware, 48
Storage Hardware, 49
Communications Hardware, 50
Software, 51
System Software, 53
Application Software, 56
Connecting over Networks, 57
Network Categories, 58
Network Hardware, 59
Network Software, 61
How Networks Benefit the IT-Literate Knowledge-Enabled Professional, 61
The Internet, 62
What Makes the Internet Possible?, 63
Accessing the Internet, 63
The World Wide Web, 65
Chapter 3. Doing Knowledge Work to Create Business Value, 74
Knowledge Work Activities, 77
Discovery: Finding Data, Information, or Knowledge, 77
Analysis: Investigating and Examining the Available Data, Information, and Knowledge, 80
Transformation: Organizing Discovery Results, 81
Synthesis: The Sum of the Parts, 82
Communication: Sharing Analysis with Others, 84
Summary of Knowledge Work Activities, 86
Making Decisions, 88
Classifying Decisions by Type, 91
Using Information in Decision Making, 91
How to Make More Informed Decisions, 93
The Decision-Making Process, 93
Problem Solving, 95
IADD Model, 95
Investigate, 96
Analyze, 97
Decide, 99
Do, 101
Putting It All Together: The Relationships Between Knowledge Work, Decision Making, and Problem Solving, 102
Part Two. The Organizational Perspective, 113
Chapter 4. Business Fundamentals and IT Strategy, 114
Businesses as Open Systems, 117
Stakeholders and Boundaries in the Business Environment, 117
Business Process, 121
How Businesses Organize to Create Value, 123
The Value Chain, 127
Building an Understanding of the Value Chain, 127
The IT-Enabled Value Chain, 129
Applying IT to Create Business Value, 131
Automating to Do Things Faster, 131
Informating to Do Things Better, 132
Transforming to Gain Competitive Advantage, 135
Strategically Fitting IT to the Organization: A Business Example, 139
Chapter 5. IT for the Organization, 148
The Technology Infrastructure of an Organization, 151
Organizational Hardware—From Supercomputers to PDAs, 151
Organizational Networks—Data Communications in Organizations, 153
Organizational Software, 156
Databases: The Primary Data Storage for Organizations, 157
The Data Hierarchy, 158
Using File Processing to Manage Data, 159
Database Systems, 160
Relational Data Model, 161
Storing and Accessing Data, Information, and Knowledge, 164
Data Warehouses, 164
Management Information and Document Management Systems, 168
Knowledge Management, 169
The IS Integration Challenge, 173
Middleware, 173
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), 175
Information Systems that Support Business Activities, 177
Transaction Processing Systems, 178
Functional Information Systems, 181
Workflow Management Systems, 181
Business Intelligence, 184
Using IT to Support Business Intelligence, 184
Decision Support Systems, 186
Chapter 6. Creating IS Solutions, 196
The “Big Four” IS Development Questions, 200
Is There a Need for an IS?, 200
Is the Project Feasible?, 200
Build or Buy/Lease?, 203
In-House or Outsource?, 205
The Stages and Activities of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), 207
IS Development Teams, 211
The IS Project Team, 211
Importance of Stakeholders, 214
Standard IS Methodology, 216
Why Do Organizations Need an IS Methodology?, 216
The Traditional IS Methodology: The Waterfall Model, 217
Modern IS Methodologies, 218
IS Modelling, 220
Managing the IS Project, 225
Overview of Project Management Tasks, 226
Project Time Management, 230
Risk Management, 232
IT Tools for IS Development, 235
Project Management Software, 236
IS Development Tools, 237
Part Three. The Business Partner Perspective, 249
Chapter 7. E-Commerce for Consumers and Organizations, 250
E-Commerce Defined, 253
Expanding the Basic Definition, 254
E-Commerce and Products: Physical and Digital, 254
The E-Commerce Advantage, 257
The Global Reach of E-Commerce, 257
E-Commerce Difference in Competition, 260
E-Commerce and Business Strategy, 264
E-Commerce for Consumers, 268
Benefits and Limitations of E-Commerce for Consumers and Businesses, 268
E-Commerce Business Models, 272
Website Purpose, 272
E-Commerce Between Organizations, 275
Doing Business with Other Organizations, 275
B2B Transactions and Business Models, 277
Services in B2B E-Commerce, 279
Using B2B E-Commerce to Improve Supply Chain Efficiency, 280
Chapter 8. E-Commerce Technologies, 292
The Evolution of E-Commerce Technologies, 295
First Generations E-Commerce Technologies: Establishing a Web Presence, 298
Client/Server Networks, 299
Web Browsers, 300
HTTP—Hypertext Transfer Protocol, 301
HTML—Hypertext Markup Language, 302
Second-Generation E-Commerce Technologies: Providing Interaction, 304
Getting Input Data, 304
Storing Data on the Client Side, 305
Storing Data on the Server Side, 308
Executing Programming Instructions, 309
The n-Tier Infrastructure, 313
Third-Generation E-Commerce Technologies: Supporting Transactions, 317
Search Technologies, 317
Order and Payment Systems, 319
Security, 323
Fourth-Generation E-Commerce Technologies: Transforming Processes, 326
Extensible Mark-up Language (XML), 327
Web Services, 328
Beyond Fourth-Generation E-Commerce Technologies, 333
Chapter 9. The Connected Enterprise: Business Partnering and Protecting, 342
Corporate and IT Governance, 346
The CIO: Managing IT Governance, 347
Roles of IT Governance and Leadership in Creating Business Value, 348
A Global Perspective, 350
What Is a Global Perspective?, 351
A Global Perspective on Partnerships, 352
Global Sourcing, 354
Multinational and Transnational Companies, 358
Global IS/IT, 359
Linking Global IT to Global Business Strategy, 361
Information Technology Platforms, 361
International Data Sharing, 363
Cultural Environment, 363
Enterprise Risk Management, 365
Risk-Reduction Methods, 367
Control and Controls, 371
Enterprise Information Security, 376
People-Policy-Technology Enterprise Information Security Framework, 378
The PPT Enterprise Information Security Framework, 381
Logoff, 391
The Spiral Model Context, 391
What’s in IT for Me?, 391
Why Technology Matters so Much, 393
Future Trends, 393
Bell Canada Press Release: Unprecedented Teamwork and Technological Innovation Contribute to Canadian Idol Success, 394
Final Thoughts, 399
Tech Guides, 400
Tech Guide A: The Details of IT Hardware, 400
Evaluating Hardware Devices, 401
The Electronics of Hardware, 401
How Transistors Work, 402
Binary Data, 402
Character Encoding, 403
Machine Instructions, 405
Processing Hardware, 407
The CPU, 407
CPU Performance Characteristics, 409
Internal Memory, 410
RAM, 410
RAM Performance, 411
Input Hardware Devices, 413
The Keyboard, 413
Pointing Devices, 414
Scanning Devices, 417
Other Input Devices, 421
Output Hardware Devices, 422
Display Devices, 422
Printed Output Devices, 425
Storage Hardware, 427
Magnetic Disks, 428
Optical Disks, 430
Chip-Based Storage, 430
Storage Performance, 431
Tech Guide B: The Details of Software, 434
Overview of the Operating System, 435
Comparison of Operating Systems, 435
How the Operating System Works, 436
What Does the Operating System Do?, 438
Starting the Computer, 438
Managing Hardware, 440
Controlling Access, 440
Providing an Interface, 441
Efficient Use of CPU, 442
Providing Services to Application Software, 443
Overview of Application Software, 448
Commercially Developed Application Software, 448
Developing Customized Software, 456
Open-Source Software, 458
Tech Guide C: The Details of Networking, 462
Network Architecture, 463
Client/Server Architecture, 463
Three-Tiered Architecture, 465
Using Client/Servers to Increase Knowledge Work Efficiency, 465
Peer-to-Peer Networks, 467
Network Layer Model, 468
Application Software Layer, 469
Network Connection Layer, 469
Data Component Layer, 471
Local Area Networks, 476
Wireless LANs, 477
Bluetooth and PANs, 478
The Internet: A Network of Networks, 479
How Does the Internet Work?, 480
Using the Internet to Perform Knowledge Work Activities, 482
The World Wide Web, 488
Using Browsers to Access the Web, 488
Wireless Connectivity to the Web and Internet, 492
Tech Guide D: The Details of SQL, Logical Modelling, and XML, 496
Using SQL to Query Relational Databases, 497
Relational Database Example, 497
Querying a Single-Table Database, 498
Using SQL to Display Specific Information, 498
Using the LIKE Operator, 500
Inserting or Deleting Records, 501
Changing Values with SQL, 502
Using Aggregate Functions in SQL, 502
Using Logical Modelling to Create a Relational Database, 503
Entity-Relationship Diagramming, 504
The Relational Data Model, 506
Querying Multitable Databases, 508
The Join Operation, 508
Creating Views, 510
Using XML for Data Transfer, 510
XML vs. HTML, 511
Setting up an XML Document, 512
Tech Guide E: The Technology of Teams, 516
Why Do Organizations Use Teams?, 517
The Business Case for Using Teams, 517
Teams vs. Work Groups, 518
Types of Teams, 520
How People Work in Teams, 521
Skills, 522
Team Roles, 523
The What and How of Teams, 525
How Teams Develop, 526
Forming, 528
Storming, 528
Norming, 528
Performing, 529
Adjourning, 529
Hallmarks of Highly Effective Teams, 531
Commitment, 532
Purpose, 533
Communication, 533
Involvement, 534
Process, 534
Trust, 534
Bringing It All Together, 536
Codes of Conduct, 536
Collaborative Technologies, 538
Conclusion, 539
Chapter Map, 543
Index, 549
Photo Credits, 564

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