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Information Systems: Creating Business Value

by Huber, Mark W., The Univ. of Georgia; Piercy, Craig A., The Univ. of Georgia; McKeown, Patrick G., The Univ. of Georgia

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Copyright, vi
Dedication, vii
About the Authors, ix
Preface, xi
Instructor and Student Resources, xviii
Acknowledgments, xx
Brief Contents, xxiii
Contents, xxv
Ties Boxes, xxxi
To The Student, xxxii
Part ONE. The Individual Perspective, 1
Chapter 1. Introduction to Information Systems, 3
Business Organizations and the Business Environment, 5
The Changing Organization Form, 5
Globalization, 6
The Internet, 6
What Are Data, Information, and Knowledge?, 7
The Data-Information-Knowledge Continuum, 8
TIES: What Is Ethics?, 8
Becoming a Knowledge Worker, 9
Lifelong Knowledge Creation, 9
TIES: Podcasting for IT Knowledge, 10
TIES: Thinking About Teams, 11
What Is an Information System?, 12
Type of IS, 14
IS Security, 14
TIES: How to Maintain a No-“Phishing” Zone, 15
About This Book, 16
Student Return on Investment Summary, 17
Knowledge Speak, 18
Review Questions, 18
Team Activity, 20
Software Application Exercises, 20
Online Resources, 21
Case Study: A Day in the Life of a College Student, 22
Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Information Technology, 24
The Components of IT, 26
TIES: The Flash Mob Phenomenon: Instant Teams?, 27
Hardware, 28
Processing Hardware, 29
Memory, 29
Input Hardware, 30
Output Hardware, 33
Storage Hardware, 35
Communications Hardware, 35
Software Gets the Job Done, 36
TIES: Software Piracy, 37
System Software, 38
TIES: Scanning and Disinfection: Keeping Your PC Safe, 39
Application Software, 40
Connecting Over Networks, 41
Network Categories, 41
Network Hardware, 44
Network Software, 45
How Networks Benefit the IT-Literate Knowledge Worker, 45
The Internet and WWW, 46
What Makes the Internet Possible?, 46
Accessing the Internet, 46
The World Wide Web, 47
TIES: What Does E-Commerce Mean to You?, 47
Student Return on Investment Summary, 49
Knowledge Speak, 50
Review Questions, 50
Team Activity, 51
Software Application Exercises, 52
Online Resources, 53
Case Study: Selecting a Computer, 53
Chapter 3. Doing Knowledge Work to Create Business Value, 55
Knowledge Work Activities, 56
Discovery: Finding Data, Information, or Knowledge, 57
TIES: Searching Beyond Google™, 58
Transformation: Organizing Discovery Results, 59
Analysis: Investigating and Examining the Available Data, Information, and Knowledge, 60
Synthesis: Creating Wholes from Parts, 60
Communication: Sharing Analysis with Others, 61
TIES: Meet Me!, 61
Summary of Knowledge Work Activities, 63
Decisions, Decisions—Making Decisions at the Individual Level, 64
TIES: Intellectual Property Rights, 64
Classifying Decisions by Structure, 65
Using Information in Decision Making, 66
Using CARROTS to Make More Informed Decisionas, 66
Summary of Decision Making, 66
Problem Solving, 68
IADD Model, 69
Investigate, 70
Analyze, 71
Decide, 72
Do, 73
TIES: Wireless Insecurity, 74
Putting It All Together: The Relationships Between Knowledge Work, Decision Making, and Problem Solving, 75
Student Return on Investment Summary, 76
Knowledge Speak, 76
Review Questions, 77
Team Activity, 79
Software Application Exercises, 79
Online Resources, 80
Case Study: Using IT to Buy a Car, 80
Part TWO. The Organizational Perspective, 83
Chapter 4. Business Fundamentals and IT Strategy, 85
Businesses as Open Systems, 87
Stakeholders and Boundaries in the Business Environment, 87
TIES: Protecting the Online Organization, 89
Business Process, 89
How Businesses Organize to Create Value, 91
TIES: Organizational Teamwork—Obey the Laws?, 92
The Value Chain, 94
Components of the Value Chain, 94
IT Support of the Value Chain, 96
Applying IT to Create Business Value, 98
Automating to Do Things Faster, 98
Informating to Do Things Better, 99
TIES: Whose Data Is It Anyway?, 99
Transforming to Gain Competitive Advantage, 101
TIES: Instant Messaging: Toy or Tool?, 102
Strategically Fitting IT to the Organization: A Business Example, 104
Student Return on Investment Summary, 105
Knowledge Speak, 106
Review Questions, 106
Team Activity, 107
Software Application Exercises, 107
Online Resources, 108
Case Study: Wal-Mart and IT Strategy, 109
chapter 4 Appendix: Working in Teams, 110
Why Organizations Use Teams, 110
How People Work in Teams, 112
How Teams Develop, 113
Hallmarks of Highly Effective Teams, 115
Chapter 5. IT for the Organization, 117
The Technology Infrastructure of an Organization, 119
Organizational Hardware—From Supercomputers to PDAs, 119
Organizational Networks—Data Communications in Organizations, 119
Organizational Software, 123
Databases: The Primary Data Storage for Organizations, 124
The Data Hierarchy, 125
Using File Processing to Manage Data, 126
Database Systems, 126
Relational Data Model, 127
Beyond Databases: Using Other Methods to Store Data, Information, and Knowledge Data Warehouses, 130
Data Warehouses, 130
TIES: Disaster Recovery Planning, 132
Management Information Systems, 132
Knowledge Management, 133
TIES: Rebuilding Iraq with Groupware, 134
The IS Integration Problem, 136
Middleware, 136
Web Services, 136
TIES: XML: The Esperanto of the Web?, 137
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), 138
Information Systems that Support Business Activities, 140
Transaction Processing Systems, 140
TIES: RFID and Privacy, 142
Functional Information Systems, 143
Workflow Management Systems, 144
Business Intelligence, 146
Using IT to Support Business Intelligence, 146
Decision Support Systems, 147
Student Return on Investment Summary, 149
Knowledge Speak, 149
Review Questions, 150
Team Activity, 151
Software Application Exercises, 151
Online Resources, 153
Case Study: Dell, Inc.: Using IT in the Organization, 153
Chapter 6. Creating Connected Solutions Through IS, 155
The Big IS Development Questions, 157
Is There a Need for an IS?, 157
Is the Project Feasible?, 157
Make or Buy/Lease?, 159
In-House or Outsource?, 160
TIES: Software as an Outsourced Service, 160
The Stages and Activities of System Development, 162
The People Who Develop IS, 164
The IS Project Team, 164
TIES: Why Good People Can Make Bad Teams, 165
Importance of Stakeholders, 166
IS Methodology, 167
Why Do Organizations Need an IS Methodology?, 168
The Traditional IS Methodology: The Waterfall Model, 168
Modern IS Methodologies, 169
IS Modeling, 171
Managing the IS Project, 175
Overview of Project Management Tasks, 175
TIES: Ethical Project Management, 176
Project Time Management, 178
Risk Management, 179
TIES: Developing Secure Applications from the Start, 181
IT Tools for IS Development, 182
Project Management Software, 182
IS Development Tools, 184
Student Return on Investment Summary, 187
Knowledge Speak, 188
Review Questions, 188
Team Activity, 189
Software Application Exercises, 189
Online Resources, 191
Case Study: Google, Inc.: Creating IS Solutions, 191
Part THREE. The Business Partner Perspective, 193
Chapter 7. E-Commerce for Consumers and Organizations, 195
E-Commerce: An Overview, 197
Expanding the E-Commerce Definition, 197
E-Commerce and Products: Physical and Electronic, 198
The E-Commerce Difference, 200
E-Commerce Difference in Technologies, 200
TIES: Advertising on the Internet with Google, 200
E-Commerce Difference in Competition, 202
E-Commerce and Business Strategy, 204
TIES: Corporate Privacy Policies, 205
E-Commerce for Consumers, 207
Benefits and Limitations of E-Commerce for Consumers and Businesses, 207
TIES: Keeping Strong Passwords, 209
E-Commerce Business Models, 210
Web-Site Purpose, 211
E-Commerce Between Organizations, 212
Doing Business with Other Organizations, 212
TIES: Virtual Teams, 213
B2B Transactions, Marketplaces, and Business Models, 214
Services in B2B E-Commerce, 215
Using B2B E-Commerce to Improve Supply Chain Efficiency, 215
Student Return on Investment Summary, 220
Knowledge Speak, 220
Review Questions, 221
Team Activity, 222
Software Application Exercises, 222
Online Resources, 223
Case Study: Renting Movies at Netflix, 223
Chapter 8. E-Commerce Technologies, 225
The Stages of E-Commerce, 226
First Generations E-Commerce Technologies: Establishing a Web Presence, 228
Client/Server Networks, 228
Web Browsers, 229
HTTP—Hypertext Transfer Protocol, 230
HTML—Hypertext Markup Language, 230
Second-Generation E-Commerce Technologies: Providing Interaction, 232
Getting Input Data, 232
Storing Data on the Client Side, 233
TIES: Who is Responsible for Protecting Data?, 234
Storing Data on the Server Side, 235
Executive Programming Instructions, 235
The n-Tier Infrastructure, 238
TIES: Finding Team Members by Using a Social Network, 240
Third-Generation E-Commerce Technologies: Supporting Transactions, 241
Search Technologies, 241
Order and Payment Systems, 243
Security, 245
TIES: Securing E-Commerce with Encryption, 246
Fourth-Generation E-Commerce Technologies: Transforming Processes, 247
eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML), 248
Web Services, 249
TIES: The Death of Software?, 251
Beyond Fourth-Generation E-Commerce Technologies, 252
Student Return on Investment Summary, 254
Knowledge Speak, 254
Review Questions, 254
Team Activity, 255
Software Application Exercises, 256
Online Resources, 257
Case Study: Using B2B E-Commerce at Boeing, 257
Chapter 9. The Connected Enterprise: Business Partnering and Protecting, 259
Corporate and IT Governance, 261
The CIO: Managing IT Governance, 262
TIES: Hail to the Information Chief, 262
Roles of IT Governance and Leadership in Creating Business Value, 263
A Global Perspective, 264
What Is a Global Perspective?, 264
A Global Perspective on Partnerships, 266
Global Sourcing, 267
TIES: Transborder Data Flow, 268
Multinational and Transnational Companies, 269
Global IS and Global IT, 270
Global IS, 270
IT Globalization, 271
TIES: Using RFID Around the Globe, 272
Enterprise Risk Management, 274
Risk-Reduction Methods, 277
Control and Controls, 279
Enterprise Information Security, 283
TIES: Internet Security: A Global Problem, 284
People-Policy-Technology Enterprise Information Security Framework, 285
The Health Insurance Portability and Assurance Act (HIPAA), 286
The PPT Enterprise Information Security Framework: A Hypothetical HIPAA-Related Example, 287
Final Thoughts from the Authors, 289
Student Return on Investment Summary, 290
Knowledge Speak, 290
Review Questions, 290
Team Activity, 292
Software Application Exercises, 292
Online Resources, 293
Case Study: Infosys Technologies, Inc., 294
Field Guide A. The Details of IT Hardware, 297
Evaluating Hardware Devices, 298
The Electronics of Hardware, 298
How Transistors Work, 299
Binary Data, 299
Character Encoding, 300
Machine Instructions, 301
Processing Hardware, 302
The CPU, 303
CPU Performance Characteristics, 305
Internal Memory, 305
RAM, 305
RAM Performance, 307
Input Hardware Devices, 308
The Keyboard, 308
Pointing Devices, 309
Scanning Devices, 310
Other Input Devices, 315
Output Hardware Devices, 316
Display Devices, 316
Printed Output Devices, 319
Secondary Storage, 321
Magnetic Disks, 321
Optical Disks, 324
Chip-Based Storage, 324
Storage Performance, 324
Student Return on Investment Summary, 325
Knowledge Speak, 326
Field Guide B. The Details of Software, 327
Overview of the Operating System, 327
Comparison of Operating Systems, 328
How the Operating System Works, 328
What the Operating System Does, 330
Starting the Computer, 330
Managing Hardware, 331
Controlling Access, 332
Providing an Interface, 332
Ensuring Efficient Use of CPU, 332
Providing Services to Application Software, 333
Overview of Application Software, 336
Commercially Developed Application Software, 336
Developing Customized Software, 342
Student Return on Investment Summary, 345
Knowledge Speak, 346
Field Guide C. The Details of Networking, 347
Network Architecture, 347
Client/Server Architecture, 348
Three-Tiered Architecture, 349
Using Client/Servers to Increase Knowledge Work Efficiency, 350
Peer-to-Peer Networks, 351
Network Layer Model, 352
Application Software Layer, 353
Network Connection Layer, 353
Data Component Layer, 355
Local Area Networks, 358
Wireless LANs, 359
Bluetooth and PANs, 360
The Internet: A Network of Networks, 361
How Does the Internet Work?, 361
Using the Internet to Perform Knowledge Work Activities, 362
The World Wide Web, 366
Using Browsers to Access the Web, 367
Wireless Connectivity to the Web and Internet, 370
Student Return on Investment Summary, 371
Knowledge Speak, 371
Field Guide D. The Details of SQL, Logical Modeling, and XML, 372
Using SQL to Query Relational Databases, 373
Relational Database Example, 373
Querying a Single-Table Database, 373
Using SQL to Display Specific Information, 374
Using the LIKE Operator, 375
Inserting or Deleting Records, 376
Changing Values with SQL, 376
Using Aggregate Functions in SQL, 376
Using Logical Modeling to Create a Relational Database, 377
Entity-Relationship Diagramming, 378
The Relational Data Model, 379
Querying Multitable Databases, 381
The Join Operation, 381
Creating Views, 382
Using XML for Data Transfer, 382
XML versus HTML, 382
Setting Up an XML Document, 383
Student Return on Investment Summary, 385
Knowledge Speak, 386
Glossary, 387
Index, 401

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