GO TO
A History of Modern Psychology, 2nd Edition
by
Goodwin, C. James, Western Carolina University
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Publishing Date: 2004/04/20
eText ISBN-10
0-470-26330-X
eText ISBN-13
978-0-470-26330-3
Print ISBN-10
0-471-41565-0
Print ISBN-13
978-0-471-41565-7
« Back to My CourseSmart
A History of Modern Psychology, 2nd Edition
by
Goodwin, C. James, Western Carolina University
eTextbook $64.50
(180 day subscription)
Compare Online & Downloadable
Copyright, ii
Preface, iii
Chapter 1. INTRODUCING PS...
Chapter 2. THE PHILOSOPHI...
Chapter 3. THE NEUROPHYSI...
Chapter 4. WUNDT AND GERM...
Chapter 5. DARWIN’S CENTU...
Chapter 6. AMERICAN PIONE...
Chapter 7. STRUCTURALISM ...
Chapter 8. APPLYING THE N...
Chapter 9. GESTALT PSYCHO...
Chapter 10. THE ORIGINS O...
Chapter 11. THE EVOLUTION...
Chapter 12. MENTAL ILLNES...
Chapter 13. PSYCHOLOGY’S ...
Chapter 14. PSYCHOLOGICAL...
Chapter 15. LINKING PSYCH...
REFERENCES, 447
GLOSSARY, 467
PHOTO, TEXT, AND ILLUSTRA...
NAME INDEX, 483
SUBJECT INDEX, 489
Table of Contents
Copyright, ii
Preface, iii
Chapter 1. INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY’S HISTORY, 1
Psychology and Its History, 2
Why Study History?, 3
Why Study Psychology’s History?, 6
Key Issues in Psychology’s History, 7
Old Versus New History, 7
Historiography: Doing and Writing History, 15
Sources of Historical Data, 15
Problems with the Writing of History, 17
Approaching Historical Truth, 20
Summary, 21
Study Questions, 22
For Further Reading, 22
Chapter 2. THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONTEXT, 24
A Long Past, 25
Descartes and the Beginnings of Modern Philosophy and Science, 25
Descartes and the Rationalist Argument, 27
The Cartesian System: Rationalism, Nativism, and Mechanistic Interactionism, 28
The British Empiricist Argument and the Associationists, 34
John Locke (1632–1704): The Origins of British Empiricism, 34
George Berkeley (1685–1753): Empiricism Applied to Vision, 38
British Associationism, 40
John Stuart Mill (1806–1873): On the Verge of Psychological Science, 45
Rationalist Responses to Empiricism, 49
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716), 49
Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), 50
In Perspective, 50
Summary, 51
Study Questions, 52
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 53
For Further Reading, 53
Chapter 3. THE NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CONTEXT, 54
Heroic Science in the Age of Enlightenment, 55
Sensory Physiology, 56
Reflex Action, 57
The Bell-Magendie Law, 57
The Specific Energies of Nerves, 59
Helmholtz: The Physiologist’s Physiologist, 59
Localization of Brain Function, 64
The Phrenology of Gall and Spurzheim, 64
Flourens and the Method of Ablation, 68
The Clinical Method, 69
Mapping the Brain: Electrical Stimulation, 73
Early Twentieth-Century Studies of the Nervous System and Behavior, 75
Neuron Theory, 75
Sir Charles Sherrington: The Synapse, 76
Karl Lashley: Learning and the Cortex, 77
Summary, 80
Study Questions, 81
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 82
For Further Reading, 82
Chapter 4. WUNDT AND GERMAN PSYCHOLOGY, 83
An Education in Germany, 84
On the Threshold of Experimental Psychology: Psychophysics, 85
Ernst Weber (1795–1878), 85
Gustav Fechner (1801–1889), 87
Fechner’s
Elements of Psychophysics
, 89
Wundt Establishes a New Psychology at Leipzig, 90
Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920): Creating a New Science, 90
Wundt’s Conception of the New Psychology, 92
Inside Wundt’s Laboratory, 94
Rewriting History: The New and Improved Wilhelm Wundt, 99
The Wundtian Legacy, 101
The New Psychology Spreads, 101
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850–1909): The Experimental Study of Memory, 101
G. E. Müller (1850–1934): The Experimentalist Prototype, 108
Oswald Külpe (1862–1915): The Würzburg School, 109
Summary, 111
Study Questions, 112
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 113
For Further Reading, 113
Chapter 5. DARWIN’S CENTURY: EVOLUTIONARY THINKING, 114
The Species Problem, 115
Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and the Theory of Evolution, 116
The Shaping of a Naturalist, 116
The Voyage of the
Beagle
, 117
The Evolution of Darwin’s Theory, 120
Darwin and Psychology’s History, 124
The Origins of Comparative Psychology, 125
Darwin on the Evolution of Emotional Expressions, 125
George Romanes (1848–1894): The Anecdotal Method, 129
Conwy Lloyd Morgan (1852–1936): The Principle of Parsimony, 130
Comparative Psychology in America, 132
Studying Individual Differences, 132
Francis Galton (1822–1911): Jack of All Sciences, 132
Darwin’s Century in Perspective, 138
Summary, 139
Study Questions, 140
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 141
For Further Reading, 141
Chapter 6. AMERICAN PIONEERS, 142
Psychology in Nineteenth-Century America, 143
Faculty Psychology, 143
The Modern University, 145
William James (1842–1910): America’s First Psychologist, 148
The Formative Years, 149
A Life at Harvard, 150
Creating American Psychology’s Most Famous Textbook, 151
James’s Later Years, 157
Summing Up William James, 159
G. Stanley Hall (1844–1924): Professionalizing Psychology, 159
Hall’s Early Life and Education, 160
From Johns Hopkins to Clark, 161
Psychology at Clark, 162
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863–1930): Challenging the Male Monopoly, 167
Calkins’s Life and Work, 167
Other Women Pioneers: Untold Lives, 170
In Perspective: The New Psychology at the Millennium, 172
Summary, 172
Study Questions, 174
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 174
For Further Reading, 174
Chapter 7. STRUCTURALISM AND FUNCTIONALISM, 176
Titchener’s Psychology: Structuralism, 177
From Oxford to Leipzig to Cornell, 178
Promoting Experimental Psychology at Cornell, 179
Titchener’s Structuralist System, 183
Evaluating Titchener’s Contributions to Psychology, 187
America’s Psychology: Functionalism, 188
The Chicago Functionalists, 189
The Columbia Functionalists, 194
Summary, 206
Study Questions, 207
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 207
For Further Reading, 207
Chapter 8. APPLYING THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY, 209
Pressures Toward Application, 210
The Mental Testing Movement, 212
James McKeen Cattell (1860–1944): An American Galton, 212
Alfred Binet (1857–1911): The Birth of Intelligence Testing, 215
Henry H. Goddard (1866–1957): Binet’s Test Comes to America, 218
Lewis M. Terman (1877–1956): Institutionalizing IQ, 223
Robert M. Yerkes (1876–1956): The Army Testing Program, 227
The Controversy Over Intelligence, 233
Applying Psychology to Business, 234
Hugo Münsterberg (1863–1916): The Diversity of Applied Psychology, 235
Other Leading Industrial Psychologists, 242
Summary, 245
Study Questions, 246
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 246
For Further Reading, 247
Chapter 9. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY, 248
The Origins and Development of Gestalt Psychology, 249
Max Wertheimer (1880–1943): Founding Gestalt Psychology, 250
Koffka (1886–1941) and Köhler (1887–1967): The Co-Founders, 252
Gestalt Psychology and Perception, 255
Principles of Perceptual Organization, 255
Behavioral Versus Geographical Environments, 257
Psychophysical Isomorphism, 258
The Gestalt Approach to Cognition and Learning, 258
Wertheimer on Productive Thinking, 263
Other Gestalt Research on Cognition, 264
Kurt Lewin (1890–1947): Expanding the Gestalt Vision, 265
Early Life and Career, 266
Field Theory, 267
The Zeigarnik Effect, 268
Lewin as Developmental Psychologist, 269
Lewin as Social Psychologist, 271
Evaluating Lewin, 273
In Perspective: Gestalt Psychology in America, 274
Summary, 275
Study Questions, 276
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 277
For Further Reading, 277
Chapter 10. THE ORIGINS OF BEHAVIORISM, 278
Behaviorism’s Antecedents, 279
Pavlov’s Life and Work, 280
The Development of a Physiologist, 281
Working in Pavlov’s Laboratory, 282
Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Research, 284
Conditioning and Extinction, 284
Pavlov and the Soviets, 287
Pavlov and the Americans, 288
John B. Watson and the Founding of Behaviorism, 290
The Young Functionalist at Chicago, 290
Opportunity Knocks at Johns Hopkins, 293
A New Life in Advertising, 302
Popularizing Behaviorism, 303
Evaluating Watsonian Behaviorism, 304
Summary, 305
Study Questions, 306
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 306
For Further Reading, 307
Chapter 11. THE EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIORISM, 308
Post-Watsonian Behaviorism, 309
Logical Positivism and Operationism, 310
Neobehaviorism, 312
Edward C. Tolman (1886–1959): A Purposive Behaviorism, 313
Tolman’s System, 314
Tolman’s Research Program, 317
Evaluating Tolman, 320
Clark Hull (1884–1952): A Hypothetico-Deductive System, 321
Hull’s System, 324
Evaluating Hull, 326
B. F. Skinner (1904–1990): A Radical Behaviorism, 328
Skinner and the Problem of Explanation, 334
A Technology of Behavior, 335
Evaluating Skinner, 338
Behaviorism in Perspective, 339
Summary, 340
Study Questions, 341
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 342
For Further Reading, 342
Chapter 12. MENTAL ILLNESS AND ITS TREATMENT, 343
Early Treatment of the Mentally Ill, 344
“Enlightened” Reform: Pinel, Tuke, and Rush, 344
Reforming Asylums: Dix and Beers, 346
Mesmerism and Hypnosis, 350
Mesmerism and Animal Magnetism, 350
From Mesmerism to Hypnosis, 351
The Hypnotism Controversies, 352
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939): Founding Psychoanalysis, 354
Early Life and Education, 355
Creating Psychoanalysis, 358
The Evolution of Psychoanalytic Theory, 365
Freud’s Followers: Loyalty and Dissent, 367
Psychoanalysis in America, 368
Freud in Perspective, 369
Clinical Psychology in America, 370
Lightner Witmer (1867–1956): Creating Psychology’s First Clinic, 371
Clinical Psychology Prior to World War II, 373
Summary, 374
Study Questions, 376
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 377
For Further Reading, 377
Chapter 13. PSYCHOLOGY’S PRACTITIONERS, 378
Researchers and Practitioners, 379
The Emergence of Modern Clinical Psychology, 380
The Boulder Model, 381
The Eysenck Study: Problems for Traditional Psychotherapy, 382
Behavior Therapy, 384
The Humanistic Approach to Psychotherapy, 385
The Vail Conference and the Psy.D. Degree, 392
Psychology and the World of Business and Industry, 394
The Hawthorne Studies, 395
The Practice of Psychology in Perspective, 397
Summary, 398
Study Questions, 399
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 400
For Further Reading, 400
Chapter 14. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN THE POST-WAR ERA, 401
Cognitive Psychology Arrives (Again), 402
The Roots of Modern Cognitive Psychology, 402
Frederick C. Bartlett (1886–1969): Constructing Memory, 403
A Convergence of Influences, 409
Magical Numbers, Selective Filters, and TOTE Units, 414
Neisser and the “Naming” of Cognitive Psychology, 416
The Evolution of Cognitive Psychology, 417
Evaluating Cognitive Psychology, 420
Other Research Areas, 421
The Brain and Behavior, 421
Social Psychology, 423
Personality Psychology, 426
Developmental Psychology, 429
Research Psychology in Perspective, 432
Summary, 432
Study Questions, 433
Questions from the Original Source Excerpt, 434
For Further Reading, 434
Chapter 15. LINKING PSYCHOLOGY’S PAST AND PRESENT, 435
The Growth and Diversity of Psychology, 436
Women in Psychology’s History, 436
Minorities in Psychology’s History, 439
Trends in Contemporary Psychology, 442
The Future: Psychology or Psychologies?, 443
Summary, 444
Study Questions, 445
For Further Reading, 445
REFERENCES, 447
GLOSSARY, 467
PHOTO, TEXT, AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS, 479
NAME INDEX, 483
SUBJECT INDEX, 489
Please use the Print button in the CourseSmart Reader header.
