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Copyright, iv
Preface, v
1. Introduction, 1
1.1. Scope, 1
1.2. Principles of Structural Design, 1
1.3. Parts of the Steel Structure, 2
1.4. Types of Steel Structures, 8
1.4.1. Bearing Wall Construction, 9
1.4.2. Beam-and-Column Construction, 9
1.4.3. Long-Span Construction, 10
1.4.4. High-Rise Construction, 10
1.4.5. Single-Story Construction, 11
1.5. Design Philosophies, 11
1.6. Fundamentals of Allowable Strength Design (ASD), 13
1.7. Fundamentals of Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), 14
1.8. Inelastic Design, 15
1.9. Structural Safety, 15
1.10. Limit States, 17
1.11. Building Codes and Design Specifications, 18
1.12. Problems, 19
2. Loads, Load Factors, and Load Combinations, 20
2.1. Introduction, 20
2.2. Building Load Sources, 21
2.2.1. Dead Load, 21
2.2.2. Live Load, 21
2.2.3. Snow Loads, 22
2.2.4. Wind Load, 23
2.2.5. Seismic Load, 23
2.2.6. Special Loads, 23
2.3. Building Load Determination, 25
2.3.1. Dead Load, 25
2.3.2. Live Load, 25
2.3.3. Snow Load, 27
2.3.4. Wind Load, 28
2.3.5. Seismic Loads, 29
2.4. Load Combinations for ASD and LRFD, 30
2.5. Load Calculations, 31
2.6. Calibration, 34
2.7. Problems, 35
3. Steel Building Materials, 36
3.1. Introduction, 36
3.2. Applicability of the AISC Specification, 37
3.3. Steel for Construction, 39
3.4. Structural Steel Shapes, 42
3.4.1. ASTM A6 Standard Shapes, 42
3.4.2. Hollow Shapes, 45
3.4.3. Plates and Bars, 46
3.4.4. Built-up Shapes, 47
3.5. Chemical Components of Structural Steel, 48
3.6. Grades of Structural Steel, 50
3.6.1. Steel for Shapes, 50
3.6.2. Steel for Plates and Bars, 53
3.6.3. Steel for Fasteners, 53
3.6.4. Steel for Welding, 56
3.6.5. Steel for Shear Studs, 56
3.7. Availability of Structural Steel, 56
3.8. Problems, 57
4. Tension Members, 58
4.1. Introduction, 58
4.2. Tension Members in Structures, 59
4.3. Cross-Sectional Shapes for Tension Members, 61
4.4. Behavior and Strength of Tension Members, 63
4.4.1. Yielding, 64
4.4.2. Rupture, 64
4.5. Computation of Areas, 65
4.5.1. Gross Area, 66
4.5.2. Net Area, 66
4.5.3. Influence of Hole Placement, 70
4.5.4. Effective Net Area, 74
4.6. Design of Tension Members, 78
4.7. Block Shear, 81
4.8. Pin-Connected Members, 89
4.9. Eye-Bars and Rods, 92
4.10. Built-Up Tension Members, 93
4.11. Truss Members, 93
4.12. Bracing Members, 93
4.13. Problems, 94
5. Compression Members, 96
5.1. Compression Members in Structures, 96
5.2. Cross-Sectional Shapes for Compression Members, 98
5.3. Compression Member Strength, 99
5.3.1. Euler Column, 99
5.3.2. Other Boundary Conditions, 102
5.3.3. Combination of Bracing and End Conditions, 103
5.3.4. Real Column, 106
5.3.5. AISC Provisions, 108
5.4. Additional Limit States for Compression, 115
5.5. Length Effects, 115
5.5.1. Effective Length for Inelastic Columns, 121
5.6. Slender Elements in Compression, 124
5.7. Column Design Tables, 128
5.8. Torsional Buckling and Flexural-Torsional Buckling, 133
5.9. Single-Angle Compression Members, 134
5.10. Built-Up Members, 136
5.11. Problems, 137
6. Bending Members, 139
6.1. Bending Members in Structures, 139
6.2. Strength of Beams, 140
6.3. Design of Compact Laterally Supported Wide Flange Beams, 145
6.4. Design of Compact Laterally Unsupported Wide Flange Beams, 149
6.4.1. Lateral Torsional Buckling, 149
6.4.2. Moment Gradient, 153
6.5. Design of Noncompact Beams, 159
6.5.1. Local Buckling, 159
6.5.2. Flange Local Buckling, 160
6.5.3. Web Local Buckling, 162
6.6. Design of Beams for Weak Axis Bending, 164
6.7. Design of Beams for Shear, 164
6.8. Continuous Beams, 165
6.9. Plastic Analysis and Design of Continuous Beams, 167
6.10. Provisions for Double-Angle and Tee Members, 171
6.10.1. Yielding, 171
6.10.2. Lateral-Torsional Buckling, 171
6.10.3. Flange-Local Buckling, 171
6.11. Single-Angle Bending Members, 173
6.11.1. Yielding, 174
6.11.2. Leg Local Buckling, 174
6.11.3. Lateral-Torsional Buckling, 175
6.12. Members in Biaxial Bending, 175
6.13. Serviceability Criteria for Beams, 175
6.13.1. Deflection, 176
6.13.2. Vibration, 176
6.13.3. Drift, 177
6.14. Concentrated Forces on Beams, 179
6.15. Problems, 179
7. Plate Girders, 181
7.1. Background, 181
7.2. Homogeneous Plate Girders in Bending, 183
7.2.1. Noncompact Web Plate Girders, 184
7.2.2. Slender Web Plate Girders, 188
7.3. Homogeneous Plate Girders in Shear, 195
7.3.1. Nontension Field Action, 196
7.3.2. Tension Field Action, 197
7.4. Stiffeners for Plate Girders, 200
7.4.1. Intermediate Stiffeners, 200
7.4.2. Bearing Stiffeners, 202
7.4.3. Bearing Stiffener Design, 205
7.5. Problems, 208
8. Beam-Columns and Frame Behavior, 209
8.1. Introduction, 209
8.2. Second-Order Effects, 210
8.3. Interaction Principles, 212
8.4. Interaction Equations, 213
8.5. Braced Frames, 216
8.6. Moment Frames, 223
8.7. Specification Provisions for Stability Analysis and Design, 231
8.8. Initial Beam-Column Selection, 232
8.9. Beam-Column Design Using Manual Part 6, 234
8.10. Combined Simple and Rigid Frames, 237
8.11. Partially Restrained (PR) Frames, 246
8.12. Bracing Design, 255
8.12.1. Column Bracing, 256
8.12.2. Beam Bracing, 256
8.12.3. Frame Bracing, 257
8.13. Problems, 259
9. Composite Construction, 264
9.1. Introduction, 264
9.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Composite Beam Construction, 267
9.3. Shored versus Unshored Construction, 268
9.4. Effective Flange, 268
9.5. Strength of Composite Beams and Slab, 269
9.5.1. Fully Composite Beams, 270
9.5.2. Partially Composite Beams, 275
9.5.3. Composite Beam Design Tables, 278
9.5.4. Negative Moment Strength, 282
9.6. Shear Stud Strength, 283
9.6.1. Number and Placement of Shear Studs, 284
9.7. Composite Beams with Formed Metal Deck, 285
9.7.1. Deck Ribs Perpendicular to Steel Beam, 286
9.7.2. Deck Ribs Parallel to Steel Beam, 287
9.8. Fully Encased Steel Beams, 293
9.9. Selecting a Section, 293
9.10. Serviceability Considerations, 297
9.10.1. Deflection During Construction, 297
9.10.2. Vibration Under Service Loads, 298
9.10.3. Live Load Deflections, 298
9.11. Composite Columns, 301
9.12. Composite Beam-Columns, 304
9.13. Problems, 305
10. Connection Elements, 307
10.1. Introduction, 307
10.2. Basic Connections, 307
10.3. Beam-to-Column Connections, 309
10.4. Fully Restrained Connections, 310
10.5. Simple and Partially Restrained Connections, 311
10.6. Mechanical Fasteners, 312
10.6.1. Common Bolts, 312
10.6.2. High-Strength Bolts, 313
10.6.3. Bolt Holes, 314
10.7. Bolt Limit States, 315
10.7.1. Bolt Shear, 315
10.7.2. Bolt Bearing, 317
10.7.3. Bolt Tension, 318
10.7.4. Slip, 325
10.7.5. Combined Tension and Shear in Bearing-Type Connections, 325
10.8. Welds, 326
10.8.1. Welding Processes, 326
10.8.2. Types of Welds, 327
10.8.3. Weld Sizes, 328
10.9. Weld Limit States, 328
10.9.1. Fillet Weld Strength, 329
10.9.2. Groove Weld Strength, 334
10.10. Connecting Elements, 334
10.10.1. Connecting Elements in Tension, 334
10.10.2. Connecting Elements in Compression, 335
10.10.3. Connecting Elements in Shear, 335
10.10.4. Block Shear Strength, 335
10.11. Problems, 338
11. Simple Connections, 341
11.1. Types of Simple Connections, 341
11.2. Simple Shear Connections, 342
11.3. Double-Angle Connections: Bolted-Bolted, 344
11.4. Double-Angle Connections: Welded-Bolted, 354
11.5. Double-Angle Connections: Bolted-Welded, 358
11.6. Double-Angle Connections: Welded-Welded, 360
11.7. Single-Angel Connections, 360
11.8. Single-Plate Shear Connections, 368
11.9. Seated Connections, 373
11.10. Light Bracing Connections, 378
11.11. Beam-Bearing Plates and Column Base Plates, 390
11.12. Problems, 391
12. Moment Connections, 393
12.1. Types of Moment Connections, 393
12.2. Limit States, 395
12.3. Moment Connection Design, 396
12.3.1. Direct Welded Flange Connection, 397
12.3.2. Welded Flange Plate Connection, 401
12.3.3. Bolted Flange Plate Connection, 407
12.4. Column Stiffening, 414
12.4.1. Flange Local Bending, 415
12.4.2. Web Local Yielding, 415
12.4.3. Web Crippling, 416
12.4.4. Web Compression Buckling, 416
12.4.5. Web Panel Zone Shear, 416
12.5. Problems, 422
13. Steel Systems for Seismic Resistance, 424
13.1. Introduction, 424
13.2. Expected Behavior, 425
13.3. Moment-Frame Systems, 427
13.3.1. Special Moment Frames (SMF), 428
13.3.2. Intermediate Moment Frames (IMF) and Ordinary Moment Frames (OMF), 430
13.4. Braced-Frame Systems, 430
13.4.1. Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF), 431
13.4.2. Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames (OCBF), 433
13.4.3. Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF), 434
13.5. Other Framing Systems, 435
13.5.1. Special Truss Moment Frames (STMF), 435
13.5.2. Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF), 436
13.5.3. Special Plate Shear Walls (SPSW), 437
13.5.4. Composite Systems, 437
13.6. Other General Requirements, 438
13.6.1. Bolted and Welded Connections, 438
13.6.2. Protected Zones, 438
13.6.3. Local Buckling, 439
13.6.4. Column Requirements, 439
13.6.5. Column Bases, 439
13.7. Conclusions, 439
13.8. Problems, 439
Index, 441

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