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Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Edition
by
Moran, Michael J., The Ohio State Univ.; Shapiro, Howard N., Wayne State University
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Publishing Date: 2007/03/09
eText ISBN-10
0-470-37272-9
eText ISBN-13
978-0-470-37272-2
Print ISBN-10
0-471-78735-3
Print ISBN-13
978-0-471-78735-8
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Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Edition
by
Moran, Michael J., The Ohio State Univ.; Shapiro, Howard N., Wayne State University
eTextbook $92.50
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Copyright, vi
Preface, vii
1. Getting Started: Intro...
2. Energy and the First L...
3. Evaluating Properties,...
4. Control Volume Analysi...
5. The Second Law of Ther...
6. Using Entropy, 255
7. Exergy Analysis, 329
8. Vapor Power Systems, 3...
9. Gas Power Systems, 444
10. Refrigeration and Hea...
11. Thermodynamic Relatio...
12. Ideal Gas Mixture and...
13. Reacting Mixtures and...
14. Chemical and Phase Eq...
Appendix: Tables, Figures...
Index to Tables in SI Uni...
Index to Tables in Englis...
Index to Figures and Char...
Index, 922
Table of Contents
Copyright, vi
Preface, vii
1. Getting Started: Introductory Concepts and Definitions, 1
1.1. Using Thermodynamics, 2
1.2. Defining Systems, 2
1.3. Describing Systems and Their Behavior, 5
1.4. Measuring Mass, Length, Time, and Force, 8
1.5. Specific Volume, 10
1.6. Pressure, 11
1.7. Temperature, 15
1.8. Engineering Design and Analysis, 19
1.9. Methodology for Solving Thermodynamics Problems, 21
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 23
2. Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics, 31
2.1. Reviewing Mechanical Concepts of Energy, 32
2.2. Broadening Our Understanding of Work, 36
2.3. Broadening Our Understanding of Energy, 47
2.4. Energy Transfer by Heat, 48
2.5. Energy Accounting: Energy Balance for Closed Systems, 52
2.6. Energy Analysis of Cycles, 64
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 68
3. Evaluating Properties, 80
3.1. Getting Started, 81
Evaluating Properties: General Considerations, 82
3.2.
p–v–T
Relation, 82
3.3. Studying Phase Change, 86
3.4. Retrieving Thermodynamic Properties, 88
3.5. Evaluating Pressure, Specific Volume, and Temperature, 89
3.6. Evaluating Specific Internal Energy and Enthalpy, 95
3.7. Evaluating Properties Using Computer Software, 98
3.8. Applying the Energy Balance Using Property Tables and Software, 100
3.9. Introducing Specific Heats
c
v
and
c
p
, 105
3.10. Evaluating Properties of Liquids and Solids, 105
3.11. Generalized Compressibility Chart, 109
Evaluating Properties Using the Ideal Gas Model, 115
3.12. Introducing the Ideal Gas Model, 115
3.13. Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of Ideal Gases, 118
3.14. Applying the Energy Balance Using Ideal Gas Tables, Constant Specific Heats, and Software, 122
3.15. Polytropic Process Relations, 129
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 131
4. Control Volume Analysis Using Energy, 146
4.1. Conservation of Mass for a Control Volume, 147
4.2. Forms of the Mass Rate Balance, 149
4.3. Applications of the Mass Rate Balance, 151
4.4. Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume, 155
4.5. Analyzing Control Volumes at Steady State, 158
4.6. Nozzles and Diffusers, 161
4.7. Turbines, 164
4.8. Compressors and Pumps, 167
4.9. Heat Exchangers, 171
4.10. Throttling Devices, 176
4.11. System Integration, 179
4.12. Transient Analysis, 182
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 192
5. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, 212
5.1. Introducing the Second Law, 213
5.2. Statements of the Second Law, 216
5.3. Identifying Irreversibilities, 219
5.4. Interpreting the Kelvin–Planck Statement, 224
5.5. Applying the Second Law to Thermodynamic Cycles, 225
5.6. Second Law Aspects of Power Cycles Interacting with Two Reservoirs, 225
5.7. Second Law Aspects of Refrigeration and Heat Pump Cycles Interacting with Two Reservoirs, 228
5.8. The Kelvin and International Temperature Scales, 230
5.9. Maximum Performance Measures for Cycles Operating Between Two Reservoirs, 234
5.10. Carnot Cycle, 239
5.11. Clausius Inequality, 241
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 243
6. Using Entropy, 255
6.1. Entropy–A System Property, 256
6.2. Retrieving Entropy Data, 257
6.3. Introducing the
T dS
Equations, 260
6.4. Entropy Change of an Incompressible Substance, 262
6.5. Entropy Change of an Ideal Gas, 263
6.6. Entropy Change in Internally Reversible Processes of Closed Systems, 266
6.7. Entropy Balance for Closed Systems, 269
6.8. Directionality of Processes, 277
6.9. Entropy Rate Balance for Control Volumes, 282
6.10. Rate Balances for Control Volumes at Steady State, 283
6.11. Isentropic Processes, 291
6.12. Isentropic Efficiencies of Turbines, Nozzles, Compressors, and Pumps, 297
6.13. Heat Transfer and Work in Internally Reversible, Steady-State Flow Processes, 306
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 309
7. Exergy Analysis, 329
7.1. Introducing Exergy, 330
7.2. Conceptualizing Exergy, 331
7.3. Exergy of a System, 332
7.4. Closed System Exergy Balance, 338
7.5. Exergy Rate Balance for Control Volumes at Steady State, 347
7.6. Exergetic (Second Law) Efficiency, 359
7.7. Thermoeconomics, 365
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 372
8. Vapor Power Systems, 390
8.1. Modeling Vapor Power Systems, 391
8.2. Analyzing Vapor Power Systems—Rankine Cycle, 392
8.3. Improving Performance—Superheat and Reheat, 405
8.4. Improving Performance—Regenerative Vapor Power Cycle, 411
8.5. Other Vapor Cycle Aspects, 422
8.6. Case Study: Exergy Accounting of a Vapor Power Plant, 424
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 432
9. Gas Power Systems, 444
Internal Combustion Engines, 445
9.1. Introducing Engine Terminology, 445
9.2. Air-Standard Otto Cycle, 448
9.3. Air-Standard Diesel Cycle, 453
9.4. Air-Standard Dual Cycle, 457
Gas Turbine Power Plants, 461
9.5. Modeling Gas Turbine Power Plants, 461
9.6. Air-Standard Brayton Cycle, 462
9.7. Regenerative Gas Turbines, 472
9.8. Regenerative Gas Turbines with Reheat and Intercooling, 476
9.9. Gas Turbines for Aircraft Propulsion, 486
9.10. Combined Gas Turbine–Vapor Power Cycle, 491
9.11. Ericsson and Stirling Cycles, 497
Compressible Flow Through Nozzles and Diffusers, 498
9.12. Compressible Flow Preliminaries, 499
9.13. Analyzing One-Dimensional Steady Flow in Nozzles and Diffusers, 503
9.14. Flow in Nozzles and Diffusers of Ideal Gases with Constant Specific Heats, 510
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 518
10. Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems, 534
10.1. Vapor Refrigeration Systems, 535
10.2. Analyzing Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Systems, 537
10.3. Refrigerant Properties, 545
10.4. Cascade and Multistage Vapor-Compression Systems, 546
10.5. Absorption Refrigeration, 548
10.6. Heat Pump Systems, 550
10.7. Gas Refrigeration Systems, 552
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 558
11. Thermodynamic Relations, 568
11.1. Using Equations of State, 569
11.2. Important Mathematical Relations, 575
11.3. Developing Property Relations, 579
11.4. Evaluating Changes in Entropy, Internal Energy, and Enthalpy, 585
11.5. Other Thermodynamic Relations, 594
11.6. Constructing Tables of Thermodynamic Properties, 601
11.7. Generalized Charts for Enthalpy and Entropy, 605
11.8.
p–v–T
Relations for Gas Mixtures, 612
11.9. Analyzing Multicomponent Systems, 618
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 629
12. Ideal Gas Mixture and Psychrometric Applications, 642
Ideal Gas Mixtures: General Considerations, 643
12.1. Describing Mixture Composition, 643
12.2. Relating
p
,
V
, and
T
for Ideal Gas Mixtures, 647
12.3. Evaluating
U
,
H
,
S
, and Specific Heats, 648
12.4. Analyzing Systems Involving Mixtures, 650
Psychrometric Applications, 664
12.5. Introducing Psychrometric Principles, 664
12.6. Psychrometers: Measuring the Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures, 675
12.7. Psychrometric Charts, 676
12.8. Analyzing Air-Conditioning Processes, 678
12.9. Cooling Towers, 694
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 697
13. Reacting Mixtures and Combustion, 710
Combustion Fundamentals, 711
13.1. Introducing Combustion, 711
13.2. Conservation of Energy—Reacting Systems, 720
13.3. Determining the Adiabatic Flame Temperature, 732
13.4. Fuel Cells, 736
13.5. Absolute Entropy and the Third Law of Thermodynamics, 738
Chemical Exergy, 746
13.6. Introducing Chemical Exergy, 747
13.7. Standard Chemical Exergy, 750
13.8. Exergy Summary, 755
13.9. Exergetic (Second Law) Efficiencies of Reacting Systems, 758
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 762
14. Chemical and Phase Equilibrium, 774
Equilibrium Fundamentals, 775
14.1. Introducing Equilibrium Criteria, 775
Chemical Equilibrium, 779
14.2. Equation of Reaction Equilibrium, 780
14.3. Calculating Equilibrium Compositions, 782
14.4. Further Examples of the Use of the Equilibrium Constant, 791
Phase Equilibrium, 801
14.5. Equilibrium Between Two Phases of a Pure Substance, 801
14.6. Equilibrium of Multicomponent, Multiphase Systems, 802
Chapter Summary and Study Guide, 807
Appendix: Tables, Figures, and Charts, 815
Index to Tables in SI Units, 815
Index to Tables in English Units, 863
Index to Figures and Charts, 911
Index, 922
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