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Laboratory Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology: Cat Version, Ninth Edition

by Anne B. Donnersberger - DePaul University, School for New Learning

Publisher: Jones and Bartlett

Publishing Date: 2009/01/23

eText ISBN-10

0-7637-7277-1

eText ISBN-13

978-0-7637-7277-2

Print ISBN-10

0-7637-5550-8

Print ISBN-13

978-0-7637-5550-8

Table of Contents

Chapter: Unit 1: Medical Terminology, 1

Exercise 1: Terms Describing Human Body Directions, 1

Exercise 2: Terms Designating Planes of the Body, 2

Exercise 3: Terms Designating Major Body Cavities and Regions, 2

Exercise 4: Prefixes Indicating Location, Direction, and Tendency, 7

Exercise 5: Prefixes Denoting Organs and Structures, 8

Exercise 6: Prefixes Denoting Number and Measurement, 9

Exercise 7: Suffixes Denoting Relation, Conditions, and Agents, 9

Exercise 8: Suffixes Used in Operative Terminology, 10

Exercise 9: Miscellaneous Suffixes, 10

Case Studies, 14

Chapter: Unit 2: The Microscope, 17

Exercise 1: The Structure of the Compound Microscope, 17

Exercise 2: Functions of the Microscope Parts, 19

Exercise 3: Proper Care of the Microscope, 20

Exercise 4: Microscopic Observation of Prepared Slides, 20

Exercise 5: Microscopic Observation of a Human Hair, 21

Chapter: Unit 3: Cells, 29

A. Cell Structure, 29

Exercise 1: Animal Cell Structure, 30

Exercise 2: Observation of Oral Mucosa Cells, 32

Exercise 3: Mitosis, 32

B. Cell Physiology, 34

Exercise 1: Diffusion, 34

Exercise 2: Osmosis, 35

Exercise 3: Dialysis, 36

Exercise 4: Hypertonic, Isotonic, and Hypotonic Solutions, 37

Chapter: Unit 4: Tissues, 45

Exercise 1: Microscopic Identification of Tissue Types, 47

Exercise 2: Microscopic Identification of the Skin, 69

Exercise 3: Human Skin, 76

Exercise 4: Human Fingerprints, 76

Chapter: Unit 5: The Skeletal System, 87

A. Skeletal Anatomy, 87

Exercise 1: Microscopic Examination of Osseous Tissue, 87

Exercise 2: Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone, 88

Exercise 3: Identification of Bones of the Human Skeleton, 89

Exercise 4: Identification of Bone Markings, 93

B. Identification of Joints, 134

Exercise 1: Synarthroses, 134

Exercise 2: Diarthroses, 136

Case Study, 148

Chapter: Unit 6: The Muscular System, 149

A. Human Musculature, 149

Exercise 1: Microscopic Identification of Muscle Types and Myoneural Junctions, 149

Exercise 2: Identification of Muscles, 152

B. Cat Musculature, 176

Exercise 1: Skinning the Cat, 176

Exercise 2: Identification of Muscles, 178

C. The Physiology of Muscle Contraction, 210

Exercise 1: Chemistry of Muscle Contraction, 211

Exercise 2: Muscle Tone and Graded Muscle Contraction, 212

Exercise 3: Muscle Fatigue, 213

Case Study, 219

Chapter: Unit 7: The Nervous System, 221

A. Nervous System Anatomy, 221

Exercise 1: Cytological Characteristics of Neurons, 223

Exercise 2: Microscopic Examination of Cerebrum and Cerebellum, 224

Exercise 3: The Spinal Cord, 227

Exercise 4: Examination of Meninges, 228

Exercise 5: Examination of a Brain, 229

Exercise 6: Examination of Cranial Nerves, 235

Exercise 7: Examination of Spinal Nerves, 235

B. Nervous System Physiology, 238

Exercise 1: Human Reflexes, 238

Exercise 2: Tests for Human Cranial Nerve Function, 240

Exercise 3: Tests for Human Cerebellar Functions, 243

Case Study, 249

Chapter: Unit 8: The Special Senses, 251

A. The Eye and Vision, 251

Exercise 1: Anatomy of the Eyeball, 251

Exercise 2: Microscopic Examination of the Eye, 256

Exercise 3: Visual Acuity, 258

Exercise 4: Location of the Blind Spot, 259

Exercise 5: Tests for Color Blindness, 259

Exercise 6: Afterimages, 260

B. The Ear, Hearing, and Equilibrium, 261

Exercise 1: Anatomy of the Ear, 261

Exercise 2: Microscopic Examination of the Ear, 264

Exercise 3: Hearing Tests, 265

Exercise 4: Nystagmus, 266

C. Olfactory, Taste, and Cutaneous Receptors, 267

Exercise 1: Olfactory Discrimination, 267

Exercise 2: Taste, 268

Exercise 3: Cutaneous Receptors, 269

Case Study, 277

Chapter: Unit 9: The Endocrine System, 279

A. The Endocrine Glands, 279

Exercise 1: Anatomy of Endocrine Glands, 280

Exercise 2: Microscopic Study of the Endocrine Glands, 284

B. Endocrine System Physiology, 290

Exercise 1: Determination of Blood Glucose Level Using an Electronic Blood Glucose Monitor, 290

Exercise 2: Insulin Shock in Fish, 292

Case Study, 298

Chapter: Unit 10: The Blood, Lymphatic, and Cardiovascular Systems, 299

A. Anatomy of the Blood, Lymphatic System, Blood Vessels, and Heart, 299

Exercise 1: Microscopic Examination of Blood, 300

Exercise 2: The Lymphatic System, 305

Exercise 3: Microscopic Examination of an Artery, Vein, Capillary, and Nerve, 311

Exercise 4: The Human Heart, 315

Exercise 5: Dissection of the Sheep Heart, 320

Exercise 6: Dissection of the Cat Heart, 322

Exercise 7: Dissection of the Cat Circulatory System with Reference to the Human, 324

Exercise 8: Human Fetal Circulation, 338

B. Human Blood Physiology, 340

Exercise 1: Determination of ABO and Rh Blood Types, 340

Exercise 2: Hemoglobin Estimation, 342

Exercise 3: Pulse Determination, 343

Exercise 4: Blood Pressure Determination, 345

C. Cardiac Muscle Physiology, 348

Exercise 1: The Human Electrocardiogram, 348

Case Studies, 356

Chapter: Unit 11: The Respiratory System, 359

A. Respiratory System Anatomy, 359

Exercise 1: Examination of Prepared Slides of the Lung and Trachea, 360

Exercise 2: Anatomy of Human Respiratory Organs, 362

Exercise 3: Thoracic Cavity Structures, 369

Exercise 4: Cat Respiratory Organs, 369

B. Respiratory Measurement, 371

Exercise 1: Spirometric Measurement and Calculation of Standard Respiratory Volumes, 371

Exercise 2: Determination of Respiratory Variations, 374

Case Study, 379

Chapter: Unit 12: The Digestive System, 381

A. Digestive Anatomy, 381

Exercise 1: Human Digestive Anatomy, 381

Exercise 2: Cat Digestive Anatomy, 387

Exercise 3: Microscopic Examination of Digestive Tissue, 392

B. Digestive Chemistry, 413

Exercise 1: Tests for Properties of Proteins, 413

Exercise 2: Tests for Properties of Carbohydrates, 415

Exercise 3: Tests for Properties of Fats, 418

Exercise 4: Nutrition, 423

Case Studies, 430

Chapter: Unit 13: The Urinary System, 433

A. Urinary System Anatomy, 433

Exercise 1: Microscopic Examination of Renal Tissue, 433

Exercise 2: Gross Anatomy of a Kidney, 436

Exercise 3: Anatomical Features of the Human Urinary System, 438

Exercise 4: Anatomical Features of the Male and Female Cat Urinary Systems, 441

B. Urinary System Physiology, 444

Exercise 1: Formation of Urine, 444

Exercise 2: Routine Urinalysis, 447

Exercise 3: Urine Screening Tests, 451

Case Study, 459

Chapter: Unit 14: Acid-Base Balance, 461

A. The Measurement of pH, 461

Exercise 1: Measuring the pH of Common Solutions, 461

Exercise 2: Determining the pH of Biological Solutions, 465

B. The Regulation of pH, 466

Exercise 1: Buffer Systems, 466

Exercise 2: Maintaining Acid-Base Balance in the Body, 468

Exercise 3: Disorders of Acid-Base Balance: Acidosis and Alkalosis, 469

Case Study, 476

Chapter: Unit 15: The Reproductive System, 477

A. Reproductive System Anatomy, 477

Exercise 1: Human Reproductive Organs, 477

Exercise 2: Cat Reproductive Organs, 483

Exercise 3: Observation of Pregnant Pig Uterus and Bull Testicle, 486

Exercise 4: Microscopic Study of an Ovary and Uterus, 486

Exercise 5: Microscopic Study of a Testis and Penis, 492

B. Reproductive System Physiology, 497

Exercise 1: The Female Sexual Cycle, 497

Exercise 2: Urinary hCG as an Indicator of Pregnancy, 499

Exercise 3: Prenatal Development, 499

Case Study, 510

Glossary/Index, 511

Measurement Appendix, 529

Solution Appendix, 529

Photo Credits, 531

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