Tabs for Contents, notes, highlights

Hide Contents, Notes, and Highlights

Search TermsShow Hide

« Back to eTextbook

Copyright, iv
Preface, xii
Chapter 1. An Evolutionary Approach to Animal Behavior, 3
Understanding Monogamy, 4
Levels of Analysis, 8
Proximate and Ultimate Explanations in Biology, 9
How to Discover the Causes of Behavior—Scientifically, 12
Darwinian Theory and Ultimate Hypotheses, 14
Darwinian Theory and the Study of Behavior, 16
The Problem with Group Selection, 21
Testing Alternative Hypotheses, 22
Certainty and Science, 25
Summary, 26
Suggested Reading, 27
Chapter 2. Understanding the Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Bird Song, 29
Different Songs: Proximate Causes, 30
Social Experience and Song Development, 33
The Development of the Underlying Mechanisms of Singing Behavior, 36
How the Avian Song Control System Works, 40
Different Songs: Ultimate Causes, 43
The Reproductive Benefits of Song Learning, 46
The Benefits of Learning a Dialect, 48
Female Preferences and Song Learning, 54
Proximate and Ultimate Causes Are Complementary, 58
Summary, 59
Suggested Reading, 60
Chapter 3. The Development of Behavior, 63
The Interactive Theory of Development, 64
The Nature-or-Nurture Fallacy, 68
Behavioral Development Requires Both Genes and Environment, 69
What Causes Individuals to Develop Differently?, 72
Environmental Differences and Behavioral Differences, 73
Genetic Differences and Behavioral Differences, 76
Hereditary Differences in the Food Preferences of Garter Snakes, 79
Single-Gene Effects on Development, 82
Evolution and Behavioral Development, 87
Adaptive Features of Behavioral Development, 88
Developmental Homeostasis: Protecting Development against Disruption, 89
The Adaptive Value of Developmental Switch Mechanisms, 94
The Adaptive Value of Learning, 97
Summary, 104
Suggested Reading, 105
Chapter 4. The Control of Behavior: Neural Mechanisms, 107
How Neurons Control Behavior, 109
Sensory Receptors and Survival, 112
Relaying and Responding to Sensory Input, 120
Central Pattern Generators, 122
The Proximate Basis of Stimulus Filtering, 125
Cortical Magnification in the Tactile Mode, 127
Adaptation and the Proximate Mechanisms of Behavior, 131
Adaptive Mechanisms of Human Perception, 134
Adaptive Mechanisms of Navigation, 137
Adaptive Mechanisms of Migration, 141
Summary, 146
Suggested Reading, 147
Chapter 5. The Organization of Behavior: Neurons and Hormones, 149
Neural Command Centers Organize Behavior, 150
Behavioral Schedules, 153
How Do Circadian Mechanisms Work?, 157
Long-Term Cycles of Behavior, 161
The Physical Environment Influences Long-Term Cycles, 162
Changing Priorities in Changing Social Environments, 168
Hormones and the Organization of Reproductive Behavior, 172
The Variable Role of Testosterone, 176
Summary, 181
Suggested Reading, 181
Chapter 6. Behavioral Adaptations for Survival, 183
Mobbing Behavior and the Evolution of Adaptations, 184
The Comparative Method for Testing Adaptationist Hypotheses, 190
The Cost–Benefit Approach to Antipredator Behavior, 196
The Costs and Benefits of Camouflage, 200
Some Darwinian Puzzles, 204
Optimality Theory and Antipredator Behavior, 211
Game Theory Applied to Social Defenses, 213
Summary, 216
Suggested Reading, 217
Chapter 7. The Evolution of Feeding Behavior, 219
Optimal Foraging Behavior, 220
How to Choose an Optimal Mussel, 223
Criticisms of Optimal Foraging Theory, 225
Game Theory and Feeding Behavior, 228
More Darwinian Puzzles in Feeding Behavior, 231
Why Do Some Spiders Make Their Webs Conspicuous?, 233
Why Do Humans Consume Alcohol, Spices, and Dirt?, 235
The Adaptive Value and History of a Complex Behavior, 238
The Adaptive Value of Honey Bee Dances, 242
The Origin and Modification of Honey Bee Dances, 243
Summary, 246
Suggested Reading, 247
Chapter 8. Choosing Where to Live, 249
Habitat Selection, 250
Habitat Preferences of a Territorial Aphid, 254
The Costs and Benefits of Dispersal, 257
Migration, 261
The Costs of Migration, 265
The Benefits of Migration, 268
Migration as a Conditional Tactic, 271
Territoriality, 274
Territorial Contests, 278
Summary, 283
Suggested Reading, 284
Chapter 9. The Evolution of Communication, 287
The Origin and Modification of a Signal, 288
The Adaptive Value of a Signal, 291
An Adaptationist Hypothesis, 293
The History of a Signal-Receiving Mechanism, 294
The History of Insect Wings, 296
Sensory Exploitation of Signal Receivers, 299
Adaptationist Questions about Communication, 309
Why Do Baby Birds Beg So Loudly?, 311
How to Deal with Illegitimate Receivers, 317
Why Settle Disputes with Harmless Threats?, 320
How Can Deception Evolve?, 324
Summary, 326
Suggested Reading, 327
Chapter 10. The Evolution of Reproductive Behavior, 329
The Evolution of Differences in Sex Roles, 330
Testing the Evolutionary Theory of Sex Differences, 336
Sexual Selection and Competition for Mates, 340
Alternative Mating Tactics, 345
Conditional Mating Strategies, 347
Distinct Mating Strategies, 350
Sperm Competition, 352
Mate Guarding, 356
Sexual Selection and Mate Choice, 360
Mate Choice without Material Benefits, 363
Does Male Courtship Signal Mate Quality?, 366
Testing the Healthy Mate, Good Genes, and Runaway Selection Theories, 369
Sexual Conflict, 371
Summary, 375
Suggested Reading, 376
Chapter 11. The Evolution of Mating Systems, 379
Is Male Monogamy Adaptive?, 380
Male Monogamy in Mammals, 384
Male Monogamy in Birds, 387
What Do Females Gain from Polyandry?, 393
Polyandry and Good Genes, 395
Polyandry and Material Benefits, 402
The Diversity of Polygynous Mating Systems, 404
Female Defense Polygyny, 404
Resource Defense Polygyny, 406
Scramble Competition Polygyny, 409
Lek Polygyny, 410
Summary, 418
Suggested Reading, 419
Chapter 12. The Evolution of Parental Care, 421
The Cost–Benefit Analysis of Parental Care, 422
Why More Care by Mothers than Fathers?, 422
Exceptions to the Rule, 426
Why Do Male Water Bugs Do All the Work?, 428
Discriminating Parental Care, 430
Why Adopt Genetic Strangers?, 433
The History of Interspecific Brood Parasitism, 435
Why Accept a Parasite’s Egg?, 439
The Evolution of Parental Favoritism, 444
How to Evaluate the Reproductive Value of Offspring, 449
Summary, 453
Suggested Reading, 454
Chapter 13. The Evolution of Social Behavior, 457
The Costs and Benefits of Social Life, 458
The Evolution of Helpful Behavior, 463
The Reciprocity Hypothesis, 466
Altruism and Indirect Selection, 470
The Importance of Relatedness, 472
Indirect Selection and the Alarm Call of Belding’s Ground Squirrel, 472
The Concept of Inclusive Fitness, 473
Inclusive Fitness and the Pied Kingfisher, 474
Inclusive Fitness and Helpers at the Nest, 476
The Evolutionary History of Helping at the Nest, 481
Insect Helpers at the Nest, 483
The Evolution of Eusocial Behavior, 488
Haplodiploid Sex Determination and the Evolution of Extreme Altruism, 490
Testing the Haplodiploid Hypothesis, 492
Eusociality in the Absence of Very Close Relatedness, 497
The Ecology of Eusociality, 501
Summary, 503
Suggested Reading, 504
Chapter 14. The Evolution of Human Behavior, 507
The Adaptationist Approach to Human Behavior, 508
The Sociobiology Controversy, 510
Arbitrary Culture Theory, 513
Cultural Evolution Theory, 517
Adaptive Mate Preferences, 518
Adaptive Mate Preferences of Women, 521
Conditional Mate Preferences of Men and Women, 525
Sexual Conflict, 528
Coercive Sex, 532
Adaptive Parental Care, 535
Helping Children Marry, 538
Applications of Evolutionary Psychology, 541
Summary, 545
Suggested Reading, 546
Glossary, 547
Bibliography, 553
Illustration Credits, 591
Index, 593

Search Results

« Back to eTextbook


PAGE	Description

iii	...

Tabs for Contents, notes, highlights

Table of Contents

Search Results