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Copyright, ii
About the Author, iii
Preface, x
Supplements, xiv
Acknowledgments, xv
How to Study Statistics, xvi
Index of Applications, xviii
Part One. Descriptive Statistics, 1
Chapter 1. Introduction to Statistics, 2
Where You’ve Been, 3
Where You’re Going, 3
1.1. An Overview of Statistics, 4
1.2. Data Classification, 11
Case Study: Rating Television Shows in the United States, 17
1.3. Experimental Design, 18
Activity: Random Numbers, 28
Uses and Abuses, 29
Chapter Summary, 30
Review Exercises, 31
Chapter Quiz, 33
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 34
History of Statistics— Timeline, 35
Technology: Using Technology in Statistics, 36
Chapter 2. Descriptive Statistics, 38
Where You’ve Been, 39
Where You’re Going, 39
2.1. Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs, 40
2.2. More Graphs and Displays, 55
2.3. Measures of Central Tendency, 67
Activity: Mean versus Median, 81
2.4. Measures of Variation, 82
Activity: Standard Deviation, 100
Case Study: Earnings of Athletes, 101
2.5. Measures of Position, 102
Uses and Abuses, 115
Chapter Summary, 116
Review Exercises, 117
Chapter Quiz, 121
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 122
Technology: Monthly Milk Production, 123
Using Technology to Determine Descriptive Statistics, 124
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1 and 2, 126
Part Two. Probability & Probability Distributions, 128
Chapter 3. Probability, 130
Where You’ve Been, 131
Where You’re Going, 131
3.1. Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting, 132
Activity: Simulating the Stock Market, 148
3.2. Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule, 149
3.3. The Addition Rule, 160
Activity: Simulating the Probability of Rolling a 3 or 4, 170
Case Study: Probability and Parking Lot Strategies, 171
3.4. Additional Topics in Probability and Counting, 172
Uses and Abuses, 183
Chapter Summary, 184
Review Exercises, 185
Chapter Quiz, 189
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 190
Technology: Simulation: Composing Mozart Variations With Dice, 191
Chapter 4. Discrete Probability Distributions, 192
Where You’ve Been, 193
Where You’re Going, 193
4.1. Probability Distributions, 194
4.2. Binomial Distributions, 206
Activity: Binomial Distribution, 220
Case Study: Binomial Distribution of Airplane Accidents, 221
4.3. More Discrete Probability Distributions, 222
Uses and Abuses, 229
Chapter Summary, 230
Review Exercises, 231
Chapter Quiz, 235
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 236
Technology: Using Poisson Distributions as Queuing Models, 237
Chapter 5. Normal Probability Distributions, 238
Where You’ve Been, 239
Where You’re Going, 239
5.1. Introduction to Normal Distributions and the Standard Normal Distribution, 240
5.2. Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities, 253
5.3. Normal Distributions: Finding Values, 261
Case Study: Birth Weights in America, 269
5.4. Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem, 270
Activity: Sampling Distributions, 284
5.5. Normal Approximations to Binomial Distributions, 285
Uses and Abuses, 295
Chapter Summary, 296
Review Exercises, 297
Chapter Quiz, 301
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 302
Technology: Age Distribution in the United States, 303
Cumulative Review: Chapters 3–5, 304
Part Three. Statistical Inference, 306
Chapter 6. Confidence Intervals, 308
Where You’ve Been, 309
Where You’re Going, 309
6.1. Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Large Samples), 310
Case Study: Shoulder Heights of Appalachian Black Bears, 324
6.2. Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Small Samples), 325
Activity: Confidence Intervals for the Mean, 333
6.3. Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions, 334
Activity: Confidence Intervals for Proportions, 343
6.4. Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation, 344
Uses and Abuses, 351
Chapter Summary, 352
Review Exercises, 353
Chapter Quiz, 357
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 358
Technology: Most Admired Polls, 359
Using Technology to Construct Confidence Intervals, 360
Chapter 7. Hypothesis Testing with One Sample, 362
Where You’ve Been, 363
Where You’re Going, 363
7.1. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing, 364
7.2. Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Large Samples), 379
Activity: Hypothesis Test for the Mean, 395
Case Study: Human Body Temperature: What’s Normal?, 396
7.3. Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Small Samples), 397
7.4. Hypothesis Testing for Proportions, 407
Activity: Hypothesis Test for a Proportion, 413
7.5. Hypothesis Testing for Variance and Standard Deviation, 414
Uses and Abuses, 423
A Summary of Hypothesis Testing, 424
Chapter Summary, 426
Review Exercises, 427
Chapter Quiz, 431
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 432
Technology: The Case of the Vanishing Women, 433
Using Technology to Perform Hypothesis Tests, 434
Chapter 8. Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples, 436
Where You’ve Been, 437
Where You’re Going, 437
8.1. Testing the Difference Between Means (Large Independent Samples), 438
Case Study: Diets and Weight Loss, 451
8.2. Testing the Difference Between Means (Small Independent Samples), 452
8.3. Testing the Difference Between Means (Dependent Samples), 461
8.4. Testing the Difference Between Proportions, 471
Uses and Abuses, 479
Chapter Summary, 480
Review Exercises, 481
Chapter Quiz, 485
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 486
Technology: Tails over Heads, 487
Using Technology to Perform Two-Sample Hypothesis Tests, 488
Cumulative Review: Chapters 6–8, 490
Part Four. More Statistical Inference, 492
Chapter 9. Correlation and Regression, 494
Where You’ve Been, 495
Where You’re Going, 495
9.1. Correlation, 496
Activity: Correlation by Eye, 512
9.2. Linear Regression, 513
Activity: Regression by Eye, 523
Case Study: Correlation of Body Measurements, 524
9.3. Measures of Regression and Prediction Intervals, 525
9.4. Multiple Regression, 536
Uses and Abuses, 541
Chapter Summary, 542
Review Exercises, 543
Chapter Quiz, 547
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 548
Technology: Nutrients in Breakfast Cereals, 549
Chapter 10. Chi-Test and the F-Distribution, 550
Where You’ve Been, 551
Where You’re Going, 551
10.1. Goodness of Fit, 552
10.2. Independence, 565
Case Study: Traffic Safety Facts, 578
10.3. Comparing Two Variances, 579
10.4. Analysis of Variance, 588
Uses and Abuses, 601
Chapter Summary, 602
Review Exercises, 603
Chapter Quiz, 607
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 608
Technology: Teacher Salaries, 609
Chapter 11. Nonparametric Tests, 610
Where You’ve Been, 611
Where You’re Going, 611
11.1. The Sign Test, 612
11.2. The Wilcoxon Tests, 623
Case Study: Earnings by College Degree, 632
11.3. The Kruskal-Wallis Test, 633
11.4. Rank Correlation, 639
11.5. The Runs Test, 645
Uses and Abuses, 653
Chapter Summary, 654
Review Exercises, 655
Chapter Quiz, 659
Real Statistics–Real Decisions— Putting It All Together, 660
Technology: U.S. Income and Economic Research, 661
Cumulative Review: Chapters 9–11, 662
Appendices, A1
Appendix A. Alternative Presentation of the Standard Normal Distribution, A1
Standard Normal Distribution Table (0-to-z), A1
Alternative Presentation of the Standard Normal Distribution, A2
Appendix B. Tables, A7
Table 1 Random Numbers, A7
Table 2 Binomial Distribution, A8
Table 3 Poisson Distribution, A11
Table 4 Standard Normal Distribution, A16
Table 5 t-Distribution, A18
Table 6 Chi-Square Distribution, A19
Table 7 F-Distribution, A20
Table 8 Critical Values for the Sign Test, A25
Table 9 Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, A26
Table 10 Critical Values for the Spearman Rank Correlation, A27
Table 11 Critical Values for the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, A28
Table 12 Critical Values for the Number of Runs, A29
Appendix C. Normal Probability Plots and Their Graphs, A30
Answers to the Try It Yourself Exercises, A32
Odd Answers, A51
Index, I1
Photo Credits, P-1
Single PC License Agreement and Limited Warranty, EP-1

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