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Copyright, iv
About the Authors, vi
Features, xiii
Preface, xv
Part I. Teaching from the Inside Out, 1
1. A Teacher’s Role, 1
Case Study: Investigating Professionalism, 1
Is Teaching a Profession?, 2
How Are Views of Teaching Changing?, 4
Technology in Practice: Thinking and Behaving Like a Professional, 5
What Career Issues Do Beginning Teachers Face?, 6
How Are Teachers Evaluated?, 11
How Are Teachers Supported and Rewarded?, 14
Cultural Awareness: Lessons Learned, 14
How Do Teachers Demonstrate Professional Leadership?, 16
Case Perspectives, 18
Summary, 18
Terms and Concepts, 19
Reflective Activity: Choosing a Teaching Path, 19
Additional Readings, 20
Web Resources, 20
2. Challenges Teachers and Schools Face, 21
Case Study: School Violence, 21
What Are Society’s Expectations for Schools?, 22
How Does Poverty Place Students at Risk of School Failure?, 23
How Can Schools Intervene to Help Students at Risk?, 25
How Can Schools Get Parents Involved in Their Children’s Education?, 29
How Can Schools Reduce Risks That Threaten Children’s Health and Safety?, 31
Technology in Practice: Stopping Online Predators, 34
Issues in School Reform: No Name-Calling, 35
Case Perspectives, 41
Summary, 41
Terms and Concepts, 42
Reflective Activity: The Achievement Gap, 42
Additional Readings, 43
Web Resources, 43
3. The Richness of Classroom Cultures, 44
Case Study: Are Some Curricula Discriminatory?, 44
What Is Diversity?, 45
What Other Concepts Define Diversity?, 47
Cultural Awareness: Lessons Learned, 49
What Is Multicultural Education?, 51
What Types of Multicultural Education Curricula Exist, and How Are They Evaluated?, 54
How Are Educational Services Adapted for Students with Exceptionalities?, 57
Technology in Practice: Countering Prejudice, 58
Issues in School Reform: Serving Children with Special Needs through Inclusion, 59
How Can Teachers Create Culturally Relevant Classrooms?, 62
Case Perspectives, 63
Summary, 64
Terms and Concepts, 64
Reflective Activity: One Immigrant’s Success Story, 64
Additional Readings, 65
Web Resources, 65
Developing a Professional Portfolio: Digital Portfolios, 66
Online Activity: The Learning Network, 67
Part II. Our Educational Heritage, 68
4. Education in America: The Early Years, 68
Case Study: The Long Shadow of History, 68
Which Europeans Influenced Early Education?, 69
How Did Informal Education Develop before the Civil War?, 71
What Were the Aims of Education?, 75
How Did Formal Education Develop in America before the Civil War?, 82
Issues in School Reform: Children’s Books Have Staying Power, 84
Technology in Practice: Turn on, Tune In–Leap for Joy!, 87
Case Perspectives, 89
Summary, 90
Terms and Concepts, 90
Reflective Activity: Eliza Pinckney, 90
Additional Readings, 91
Web Resources, 91
5. Education in America: Then and Now, 92
Case Study: Where Do I Fit?, 92
How Did Educational Life Change after the Civil War?, 93
Who Are “We the People”?, 97
Technology in Practice: Accessing History, 100
Cultural Awareness: Lessons Learned, 102
Voices Pro and Con: Illegal Immigrants, 104
How Did Teaching Change after the Civil War?, 107
How Have Schools Changed During the Modern Era?, 108
Why Was Curriculum So Important?, 111
How Do We Typically Judge Educational Success and Failure?, 114
Case Perspectives, 115
Summary, 116
Terms and Concepts, 116
Reflective Activity: Cycles of Education, 116
Additional Readings, 117
Web Resources, 117
6. Why Teachers Behave As They Do, 118
Case Study: Developing Civic Attitudes, 118
What Does Philosophy Have to Do with You As a Teacher?, 119
What Are the Roots of American Educational Philosophies?, 119
What Modern Philosophies Influence Western Education?, 123
Technology in Practice: Pragmatism at Work, 127
What Non-Western Philosophies Influence American Education?, 129
What Shapes Teachers’ Personal Philosophies of Education?, 132
Case Perspectives, 133
Summary, 133
Terms and Concepts, 134
Reflective Activity: Philosophical Differences, 134
Additional Readings, 135
Web Resources, 135
Developing a Professional Portfolio: Your Own Philosophy of Teaching, 136
Online Activity: Exploring the Library of Congress, 136
Part III. Education from the Outside In, 137
7. Where Teachers Work: Schools, 137
Case Study: A Rose by Any Other Name, 137
How Is Schooling Organized in the United States?, 138
Cultural Awareness: Lessons Learned, 142
What Are Some Schooling Alternatives?, 144
Issues in School Reform: School Consolidation, 145
How Are Schools Administered?, 149
What Organizational and Policy Issues Do Schools Face?, 152
Technology in Practice: Recognizing and Promoting School Quality, 153
What Makes Some Schools More Effective Than Others?, 154
Case Perspectives, 156
Summary, 157
Terms and Concepts, 157
Reflective Activity: A New Paradigm for School Goals, 158
Additional Readings, 159
Web Resources, 159
8. Leading, Governing, and Funding Schools, 160
Case Study: Scopes Revisited, 160
What Are School Governance and Education Finance?, 161
Issues in School Reform: Leadership in an Age of Reform, 165
How Does the Federal Government Influence Education?, 166
How Is Education Financed and Controlled by the States?, 168
How Are Schools Financed and Managed at the Local Level?, 173
Technology in Practice: How Do Schools’ Expenditures and Revenues Compare?, 175
How Are Governance and Funding Related to Educational Success?, 177
Summary, 181
Case Perspectives, 182
Terms and Concepts, 183
Reflective Activity: School Board Membership, 183
Additional Readings, 184
Web Resources, 184
9. The Influence of the Law, 185
Case Study: To Catch a Thief, 185
How Does Government Influence Education?, 186
What Legal Principles Affect Public Education?, 187
What Are Parents’ Rights and Responsibilities?, 189
What Are Students’ Rights and Responsibilities?, 192
Voices Pro and Con: Zero Tolerance, 194
What Are Teachers’ Rights and Responsibilities?, 198
Technology in Practice: Online Training for Recognizing Child Neglect and Abuse, 204
What Are School Districts’ Rights and Responsibilities?, 204
Case Perspectives, 209
Summary, 209
Terms and Concepts, 210
Reflective Activity: Sexual Harassment, 210
Additional Readings, 211
Web Resources, 211
Developing a Professional Portfolio: Planning Your Professional Development, 212
Online Activity: Oyez Project, 212
Part IV. Helping Students Succeed, 213
10. Curriculum and Instruction, 213
Case Study: Reaching Every Student, 213
What Is Curriculum?, 214
What Forces for Change Affect Curriculum Content?, 216
How Are Curriculum and Instruction Planned and Organized?, 222
What Are Four General Models of Instruction?, 225
Issues in School Reform: Improving Achievement, 226
What Is Effective Instruction?, 230
Cultural Awareness: Lessons Learned, 233
How Do Teachers Manage Students Effectively?, 234
Case Perspectives, 237
Summary, 237
Terms and Concepts, 238
Reflective Activity: Making Real-Life Connections, 238
Additional Readings, 239
Web Resources, 239
11. Recognizing Educational Success: Standards and Assessment, 240
Case Study: Dodging Academic Disaster, 240
How Do We Know What Works in Education?, 241
Issues in School Reform: Measuring Progress under NCLB, 245
What Types of Classroom Assessments Do Teachers Use?, 246
Cultural Awareness: Lessons Learned, 249
How Can Teachers Know Whether They Are Assessing Students Fairly?, 254
Technology in Practice: Rubrics, 255
Case Perspectives, 257
Summary, 258
Terms and Concepts, 258
Reflective Activity: Arithmetic Test, 258
Additional Readings, 259
Web Resources, 259
Developing a Professional Portfolio: Assessing Students through Observation, 260
Online Activity: Teaching with Census Information, 261
Part V. A Connected Future, 262
12. A Global Educational Context, 262
Case Study: The USA as International Magnet, 262
Why Learn about Educational Life Outside the United States?, 263
Why Study Educational Policy in Other Countries?, 266
Technology in Practice: Let the Machine Do the Translation?, 268
How Might We Enhance Understanding of Global Interdependence?, 279
Issues in School Reform: Will Jordan Lead the Way in Educational Reform in the Middle East?, 280
Case Perspectives, 284
Summary, 285
Terms and Concepts, 286
Reflective Activity: Project Cuba, 286
Additional Readings, 287
Web Resources, 287
13. What Lies Ahead, 288
Case Study: Looking to the Future, 288
How Are Teachers’ Professional Roles Changing?, 289
Cultural Awareness: Lessons Learned, 290
How Are Links to Technology Changing the Foundations of Education?, 294
Technology in Practice: Blogging, Vloging, and Podcasting, 297
How Are Small Schools Transforming Teaching and Learning?, 300
Targeting Students at Risk, 301
How Can Professional Educators Prepare for the Future?, 305
Case Perspectives, 310
Summary, 310
Terms and Concepts, 311
Reflective Activity: Turning Classrooms Over to Interns, 311
Additional Readings, 312
Web Resources, 312
Developing a Professional Portfolio: Preparing Your Résumé, 312
Online Activity: Teaching Overseas, 314
Glossary, 315
References, 324
Name Index, 337
Subject Index, 340
Credits, 348

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