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Copyright, ii
Preface, v
Chapter 1. Literacy and the Technology-Supported Classroom, 1
Attacking Literacy with Computers, 3
Computer Classroom Snapshot, 4
Why Teach Literacy with Computer Technology?, 6
Redefining Literacy, 7
Shifting Paradigms, 8
Linking Constructivism, Literacy, and Computers, 10
Knowledge Has Multiple Interpretations, 10
Learning Is an Active Process, 10
Process and Product Are Emphasized, 11
Problem Solving Is the Focus, 11
Power and Control Are Shared Among Students and Teacher, 11
Learning Is a Collaborative Process, 12
Reflection Is Promoted, 12
Enhancing Teachers’ Skills to Integrate Technology with Literacy, 13
Computer Classroom Lessons, 16
Techno-Teacher Tips, 19
Frequently Asked Questions, 19
References, 20
Chapter 2. Technology Tools to Support Literacy, 25
Integrating Technology for Literacy, 27
Computer Classroom Snapshot, 27
Technology Tools for Learning, 30
Productivity Tools, 30
Word Processors, 30
Databases, 30
Spreadsheets, 31
Visualization and Multimedia Tools, 31
Electronic Presentations, 31
Concept Maps, 31
Multimedia Authoring, 32
Digital Cameras and Video, 33
Internet and Communication Tools, 34
E-mail, 34
Chatting and Instant Messaging, 34
The World Wide Web and Hypertext, 35
Web logs (Blogs), 35
Educational Software, 36
Writing Aids, 36
Talking/Electronic Storybooks, 36
Information Processors, 38
Drill-and-Practice, 39
Individualized Assessment and Instruction, 40
Emerging Tools, 44
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), 44
Wikis, 44
Electronic Texts and E-books, 45
Podcasts, 46
Voice and Video Technologies, 46
Computer Classroom Lessons, 48
Techno-Teacher Tips, 51
Frequently Asked Questions, 51
References, 52
Chapter 3. Using Technology to Teach Reading, 55
Importance of Teaching Reading, 57
Computer Classroom Snapshot, 59
Phonemic Awareness and Phonics Instruction, 61
Why Teach Phonemic Awareness and Phonics?, 62
Using Technology with Phonemic Awareness and Phonics Instruction, 62
Challenges of Phonemic Awareness and Phonics Instruction, 65
Fluency Instruction, 65
Using Technology with Fluency Instruction, 66
Repeated Oral Reading, 66
Independent Silent Reading, 67
Vocabulary Instruction, 70
Using Technology to Teach Vocabulary, 70
Comprehension Instruction, 71
Using Technology to Teach Comprehension, 72
Monitoring Comprehension Strategies, 72
Graphic and Semantic Organizers, 72
Question-Answer Strategy, 73
Generating Questions Strategy, 73
Recognizing Story Structure Strategy, 73
Summarizing Strategy, 74
Using Technology to Teach Reading in the Content Area, 74
Publishing, 74
Accessing Information, 75
Communicating and Collaborating, 75
Facilitating Integrated Literacy Units, 78
The Integrated Literacy Unit Model, 78
Example of an Integrated Literacy Unit, 79
Facilitating the Unit Model, 80
Computer Classroom Lessons, 81
Techno-Teacher Tips, 83
Frequently Asked Questions, 83
References, 84
Chapter 4. Teaching Students to Write and Publish with Computers, 88
Getting Started with Process Writing and Publishing, 89
Computer Classroom Snapshot, 90
Understanding the Process Approach to Writing, 92
Teacher’s Role as Facilitator in the Writing Process, 93
Abandoning Skill-and-Drill, 94
Reasons for Integrating Computers into the Writing Curriculum, 95
Extending the Writing Process to Classroom Publishing, 96
Traditional Classroom Publishing, 98
Style and Format, 100
The Publication Committee, 101
Printing and Binding, 102
Electronic Classroom Publishing, 103
How to Create Electronic Products, 103
How to Download Information from Other Forums, 104
How to Post Materials to Electronic Forums and Web Sites, 105
Managing Computers in Your Writing Curriculum, 105
Scheduling Computer Time, 106
A Computer Learning Center in Your Classroom, 107
Stationary and Mobile Computer Labs, 107
Computer Classroom Lessons, 109
Techno-Teacher Tips, 114
Frequently Asked Questions, 115
References, 115
Chapter 5. Literacy in the Information Age, 119
Expanding the Definitions of Literacy, 121
Computer Classroom Snapshot, 121
Information Literacy, 123
Standards, 124
The Big 6, 125
Media Literacy, 126
Safety on the Internet, 127
Acceptable Use Policies (AUPs), 130
Blocking and Filtering, 132
Curricular Programs, 132
Protecting Student Privacy, 134
Teaching and Learning with Digital Sources, 134
Copyright and Fair Use, 134
Plagiarism, 136
Computer Classroom Lessons, 137
Techno-Teacher Tips, 140
Frequently Asked Questions, 140
References, 142
Chapter 6. Technology-Enhanced ESL Instruction and Learning in K–8 Classrooms, 144
Technology in ESL: The Time Is Now, 145
Computer Classroom Snapshot, 147
Why Technology-Enhanced ESL Instruction and Learning?, 148
Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 149
Effective Technology Use in ESL Instruction and Learning: Some Guidelines, 151
Technology-Enhanced ESL per Grade Level, 151
Kindergarten, 152
First Through Third Grade, 153
Fourth Through Eighth Grade, 156
How to Keep Up with ESL Instructional Technology, 159
Computer Classroom Lessons, 160
Techno-Teacher Tips, 161
Frequently Asked Questions, 162
References, 162
Chapter 7. Using Technology to Teach Literacy to Struggling Readers, 166
Struggling Readers Today, 167
Computer Classroom Snapshot, 167
Using Technology to Teach Literacy with Struggling Readers: Strategies, 169
Computer-Assisted Instruction, 169
Electronic/Animated Books, 170
Tutorials/Drill-and-Practice, 170
Creative/Multimedia Programs, 171
Three-Tier Model and School-Wide Literacy Programs, 173
Assistive Technology, 176
Literacy Development and Students with Disabilities, 182
Using Technology to Teach Literacy with Struggling Readers: What the Research Has to Say, 184
Word Identification, 185
Reading Comprehension, 185
Fluency, 186
Writing, 186
Additional Research, 186
Computer Classroom Lessons, 187
Techno-Teacher Tips, 189
Frequently Asked Questions, 190
References, 191
Chapter 8. Assessing Students’ Work, 194
Facilitating Assessment, 195
Computer Classroom Snapshot, 196
A Philosophy of Assessment, 198
Methods of Assessment, 199
Objective Assessments, 199
Using Technology with Objective Assessments, 201
Performance-Based Assessments, 203
Checklists, 203
Using Technology to Create Checklists, 204
Rubrics, 204
Using Technology with Rubrics, 207
Portfolios, 207
Electronic Portfolios, 209
When Assessment Occurs, 209
Self, Peer, and Teacher Assessments, 211
Facilitating Formative Assessment, 212
Computer Classroom Lessons, 214
Techno-Teacher Tips, 216
Frequently Asked Questions, 217
References, 219
Index, 221

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