Tabs for Contents, notes, highlights

Hide Contents, Notes, and Highlights

Search TermsShow Hide

« Back to eTextbook

Copyright, ii
Preface, x
Acknowledgments, xii
Chapter One. Sociology and Stratification, 1
Theoretical Perspectives on Stratification, 5
Karl Marx, 5
Max Weber, 11
Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, 15
Ralf Dahrendorf, 17
Gerhard Lenski, 18
Modernity, the American Dream, and Anomie, 20
A Strategy for the Study of Stratification, 24
Historical and Cross-National Dimensions of Stratification, 25
Levels of Analysis and Stratification, 26
Power and Stratification, 31
Chapter Two. Race/Ethnicity and Stratification, 36
Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Stratification, 38
Racial and Ethnic Stratification in the United States, 38
Civil Rights, 39
Infant Mortality, 42
Housing Segregation, 43
Poverty, Occupation, and Income, 45
Racial and Ethnic Stratification in Cross-National Perspective, 47
Anomie, the American Dream, and the Impact of Racial and Ethnic Stratification, 48
The Individual and Racial and Ethnic Stratification, 52
Public Place Discrimination, 53
Discrimination by Organizations, 54
Social Structure and Racial and Ethnic Stratification, 58
Historical Differences in Racial and Ethnic Group Mobility, 58
Conditions of Settlement, 58
Discrimination, 59
Affirmative Action, 61
Racial and Ethnic Stratification Today, 64
Reproduction of the Class Structure, 64
Institutionalized Discrimination, 65
Chapter Three. Gender and Stratification, 70
Dimensions of Gender Stratification, 72
Gender Stratification in the United States, 72
Gender Differences in Labor Force Participation, 72
Occupational Segregation, 74
Income Differences, 76
Gender Stratification in Cross-National Perspective, 78
Some Consequences of Gender Stratification, 79
Authority and Gender, 79
Victimization and Gender, 81
The Individual and Gender Stratification, 84
Women’s Choices, 85
Discrimination Against Women, 86
Social Structure and Gender Stratification, 88
The Decline of Gender Stratification, 88
Economic Development, 89
Increasing Female Labor Force Participation, 89
Advances in Medical Technology, 90
Legal Changes, 91
The Rise of Feminism, 93
The Continuation of Gender Stratification, 95
The Salience of Traditional Gender Norms, 95
Institutionalized Discrimination, 96
Chapter Four. Social Class and Stratification: Occupational Prestige and Class Identification, 101
Occupational Prestige, 102
Occupational Prestige in the United States, 102
The Meaning of Occupational Prestige, 103
Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Occupational Prestige, 105
The Stability of Occupational Prestige Over Time, 106
The Stability of Occupational Prestige Across Societies?, 106
Class Identification, 107
Patterns of Class Identification, 107
The Meaning of Class Identification, 109
A Note on Employed Married Women, 110
Chapter Five. Social Class and Stratification: Mobility and Status Attainment, 113
Social Mobility, 114
Social Mobility in the United States, 114
Social Mobility in Cross-National Perspective, 119
Social Structure and Mobility, 121
Structural Mobility, 121
Economic Development, 121
Class Differences in Fertility Rates, 124
Immigration Rates, 124
Affirmative Action for White Males, 124
Circulation Mobility, 125
An Example of Upward Mobility, 127
Status Attainment, 129
Status Attainment in the United States, 129
Status Attainment in Cross-National Perspective, 132
The Individual and Status Attainment, 133
Two Vignettes, 133
The Smiths, 134
The Joneses, 136
Social Class and Status Attainment, 137
Anomie, the American Dream, and Stratification, 140
Chapter Six. Political Participation and Power, 145
Types of Political Participation, 146
Voting, 146
Partisanship, 146
Unruliness, 147
The Rate of Voting, 147
Voting in the United States, 148
Voting in Cross-National Perspective, 151
Social Structure and Voting, 152
Type of Electoral System, 152
Who Gets to Vote, 153
Gerrymandering, 156
Election Day, 158
Registration Requirements, 159
Degree of Inequality, 161
A Note on Voting Technology, 162
Implications, 163
Partisanship and the Role of Money in Elections, 164
The Cost of Winning, 165
Money, Winning, and Reelection, 165
Where Does the Money Come From?, 166
An Example, 167
Social Class and Partisanship, 168
Conclusion: Political Participation and Anomie, 172
Chapter Seven. The Rich, 175
The Characteristics of the Rich, 175
Counting the Rich: Income and Wealth, 175
The Basis of Great Wealth, 177
The Concentration of Wealth, 178
The Historical Trend in the Distribution of Wealth, 181
The Kuznets Hypothesis, 181
The Colonial Era, 182
The Nineteenth Century, 182
The Twentieth Century, 184
The Trend Since 1980, 185
Cross-National Variations in Wealth Inequality, 186
The Origin and Expansion of Wealth, 187
Power and Wealth Inequality, 189
Social Class, Life Chances, and Lifestyle, 194
Chapter Eight. The Middle Class, 199
Social Class and Job Perquisites, 201
Paid Time-Off Benefits, 201
Medical Benefits, 202
Family Benefits, 205
Pension Benefits, 206
Top-Level Perquisites, 207
Social Class, Income Inequality, and Income Transfers, 209
Social Class and Income, 209
Trends in Income Inequality, 211
Income Inequality, 1950–1970, 211
Income Inequality Since 1970, 214
Tax Expenditures and Income Inequality, 214
Housing, 215
Medical Insurance, 217
Power and Income Inequality, 218
Income Inequality and Economic Prosperity, 220
Social Class, Life Chances, and Lifestyle, 221
Chapter Nine. The Working Class, 226
Social Class and Occupation, 227
Working-Class and Middle-Class Occupations, 228
Social Class and Job Setting, 229
Dangerous Working Conditions, 229
Production Pressures, 232
Close Supervision and Petty Work Rules, 233
Social Class and Job Security, 234
The Human Consequences of Unemployment, 237
A Note on the Meaning of Work, 238
Economic Deprivation, 239
Psychological Stress, 242
Familial Disruption, 242
Social Class, Life Chances, and Lifestyle, 243
On the Working Class, 246
Chapter Ten. The Poor, 249
Dimensions of Poverty, 251
Poverty in the United States, 251
Poverty in Cross-National Perspective, 252
The Measurement of Poverty, 253
Are the Poor Really Poor?, 254
Public Assistance and Poverty, 258
The Characteristics of Public Assistance Programs, 258
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, 259
Supplementary Security Income, 262
Medicaid, 262
Food Stamps, 263
The Paradox of Public Assistance, 264
The Benefits of Poverty, 266
The Individual and Poverty, 269
Age, 269
Race and Ethnicity, 269
Family Characteristics, 270
Low-Wage Job Skills, 270
Work Experience, 270
Social Structure and Poverty, 271
The Long-Term Fall in the Poverty Rate, 272
Industrialization, 272
Emergence of Science, 273
Rise of Capitalism, 273
Democracy and Democratic Ideology, 274
Rule of Law, 274
Culture of Capitalism, 274
The American Poverty Rate Today, 275
The Reproduction of the Class Structure, 275
The Vicious Circle of Poverty, 277
Macroeconomic Policy, 279
The Structure of Elections, 280
The Structure of the Economy, 280
Institutionalized Discrimination, 281
Concluding Comments, 282
Chapter Eleven. The United States in Global Context, 287
Poverty and Inequality in the United States and Developing Nations, 288
Explanations of Poverty and Inequality Around the World, 292
Inequality in the United States and Western Nations, 295
Chapter Twelve. Reflections on the Study of Social Stratification, 298
Objectivity in the Study of Stratification, 298
Research Methods in the Study of Stratification, 299
Paradox in the Study of Stratification, 302
References, 304
Index, 319

Search Results

« Back to eTextbook


PAGE	Description

113	...

Tabs for Contents, notes, highlights

Table of Contents

Search Results